官网:https://www.consul.io/
Consul 是一款开源的服务发现和配置管理工具,它能够监控应用程序和服务之间的通信,并提供了一组 API 和 Web UI,用于管理服务和配置。
Consul 是分布式的、高可用的、可横向扩展的,具备以下特性:
Consul 的优势:
下载地址:https://developer.hashicorp.com/consul/install?product_intent=consul#Windows
运行 consul,指定为开发环境
consul agent -dev
web 界面:http://localhost:8500/ui
要在 ASP.NET Core 应用程序中集成 Consul 实现服务注册和服务发现,可以按照以下步骤进行操作:
首先,需要在 ASP.NET Core 应用程序中安装 Consul 客户端 SDK。可以通过 NuGet 包管理器来安装,在包管理器控制台中输入以下命令:
Install-Package Consul
Install-Package Consul.AspNetCore
/// <summary>
/// 向容器中添加Consul必要的依赖注入
/// </summary>
/// <param name="services"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IServiceCollection AddMCodeConsul(this IServiceCollection services)
{
var configuration = services.BuildServiceProvider().GetRequiredService<IConfiguration>();
// 配置consul服务注册信息
var consulOptions = configuration.GetSection("Consul").Get<ConsulOptions>();
// 通过consul提供的注入方式注册consulClient
services.AddConsul(options => options.Address = new Uri($"http://{consulOptions.ConsulIP}:{consulOptions.ConsulPort}"));
// 通过consul提供的注入方式进行服务注册
var httpCheck = new AgentServiceCheck()
{
DeregisterCriticalServiceAfter = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5),//服务启动多久后注册
Interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10),//健康检查时间间隔,或者称为心跳间隔
HTTP = $"http://{consulOptions.IP}:{consulOptions.Port}/health",//健康检查地址
Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)
};
// Register service with consul
services.AddConsulServiceRegistration(options =>
{
options.Checks = new[] { httpCheck };
options.ID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
options.Name = consulOptions.ServiceName;
options.Address = consulOptions.IP;
options.Port = consulOptions.Port;
options.Meta = new Dictionary<string, string>() { { "Weight", consulOptions.Weight.HasValue ? consulOptions.Weight.Value.ToString() : "1" } };
options.Tags = new[] { $"urlprefix-/{consulOptions.ServiceName}" }; //添加
});
return services;
}
ConsulOptions 配置类
public class ConsulOptions
{
/// <summary>
/// 当前应用IP
/// </summary>
public string IP { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 当前应用端口
/// </summary>
public int Port { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 当前服务名称
/// </summary>
public string ServiceName { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Consul集群IP
/// </summary>
public string ConsulIP { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Consul集群端口
/// </summary>
public int ConsulPort { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 权重
/// </summary>
public int? Weight { get; set; }
}
appsettings.json
{
"Consul": {
"ConsulIP": "127.0.0.1",
"ConsulPort": "8500",
"ServiceName": "ConsulDemoService",
"Ip": "localhost",
"Port": "5014",
"Weight": 1
}
}
可以看到通过 ConsulClientFactory 类创建和配置 Consul 的客户端实例,ConsulClientFactory 通过 IOptionsMonitor 读取应用程序的配置更改
IOptionsMonitor: 是 ASP.NET Core 的一个接口,它提供了一种方式来观察和监视应用程序的配置更改。通过实现 IOptionsMonitor 接口,你可以创建自定义的配置监视器,以便在配置更改时自动更新应用程序的设置
public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions
{
public static IServiceCollection AddConsul(this IServiceCollection services)
{
return services.AddConsul(delegate
{
});
}
public static IServiceCollection AddConsul(this IServiceCollection services, Action<ConsulClientConfiguration> configure)
{
return services.AddConsul(Options.DefaultName, configure);
}
public static IServiceCollection AddConsul(this IServiceCollection services, string name, Action<ConsulClientConfiguration> configure)
{
services.Configure(name, configure);
services.TryAddSingleton<IConsulClientFactory, ConsulClientFactory>();
services.TryAddSingleton((IServiceProvider sp) => sp.GetRequiredService<IConsulClientFactory>().CreateClient(name));
return services;
}
。。。
}
public class ConsulClientFactory : IConsulClientFactory
{
private readonly IOptionsMonitor<ConsulClientConfiguration> _optionsMonitor;
public ConsulClientFactory(IOptionsMonitor<ConsulClientConfiguration> optionsMonitor)
{
_optionsMonitor = optionsMonitor;
}
public IConsulClient CreateClient()
{
return CreateClient(Options.DefaultName);
}
public IConsulClient CreateClient(string name)
{
return new ConsulClient(_optionsMonitor.Get(name));
}
}
可以看出使用 AgentServiceRegistrationHostedService 类定义应用程序的后台服务,用于注册和取消注册 Consul 实例
public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions
{
public static IServiceCollection AddConsulServiceRegistration(this IServiceCollection services, Action<AgentServiceRegistration> configure)
{
AgentServiceRegistration agentServiceRegistration = new AgentServiceRegistration();
configure(agentServiceRegistration);
return services.AddSingleton(agentServiceRegistration).AddHostedService<AgentServiceRegistrationHostedService>();
}
}
public class AgentServiceRegistrationHostedService : IHostedService
{
private readonly IConsulClient _consulClient;
private readonly AgentServiceRegistration _serviceRegistration;
public AgentServiceRegistrationHostedService(IConsulClient consulClient, AgentServiceRegistration serviceRegistration)
{
_consulClient = consulClient;
_serviceRegistration = serviceRegistration;
}
public Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return _consulClient.Agent.ServiceRegister(_serviceRegistration, cancellationToken);
}
public Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return _consulClient.Agent.ServiceDeregister(_serviceRegistration.ID, cancellationToken);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 配置Consul检查服务
/// </summary>
/// <param name="app"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IApplicationBuilder UseConsulCheckService(this IApplicationBuilder app)
{
app.Map("/health", app =>
{
app.Run(async context =>
{
await Task.Run(() => context.Response.StatusCode = 200);
});
});
return app;
}
/// <summary>
/// 向容器中添加Consul必要的依赖注入
/// </summary>
/// <param name="services"></param>
/// <param name="configuration"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IServiceCollection AddMCodeConsul(this IServiceCollection services)
{
var configuration = services.BuildServiceProvider().GetRequiredService<IConfiguration>();
// 配置consul服务注册信息
var consulOptions = configuration.GetSection("Consul").Get<ConsulOptions>();
// 通过consul提供的注入方式注册consulClient
services.AddConsul(options => options.Address = new Uri($"http://{consulOptions.ConsulIP}:{consulOptions.ConsulPort}"));
// 通过consul提供的注入方式进行服务注册
var httpCheck = new AgentServiceCheck()
{
DeregisterCriticalServiceAfter = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5),//服务启动多久后注册
Interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10),//健康检查时间间隔,或者称为心跳间隔
HTTP = $"http://{consulOptions.IP}:{consulOptions.Port}/health",//健康检查地址
Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)
};
// Register service with consul
services.AddConsulServiceRegistration(options =>
{
options.Checks = new[] { httpCheck };
options.ID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
options.Name = consulOptions.ServiceName;
options.Address = consulOptions.IP;
options.Port = consulOptions.Port;
options.Meta = new Dictionary<string, string>() { { "Weight", consulOptions.Weight.HasValue ? consulOptions.Weight.Value.ToString() : "1" } };
options.Tags = new[] { $"urlprefix-/{consulOptions.ServiceName}" }; //添加
});
return services;
}
/// <summary>
/// 配置Consul检查服务
/// </summary>
/// <param name="app"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IApplicationBuilder UseConsulCheckService(this IApplicationBuilder app)
{
app.Map("/health", app =>
{
app.Run(async context =>
{
await Task.Run(() => context.Response.StatusCode = 200);
});
});
return app;
}