统信UOS_麒麟KYLINOS上创建GPT分区

原文链接：统信UOS/麒麟KYLINOS上创建GPT分区
hello，大家好啊！今天我要给大家带来的是在统信UOS及麒麟KYLINOS操作系统上创建GPT（GUID Partition Table）分区的教程。在现代计算机系统中，GPT分区表因其高效和灵活性而越来越受欢迎，它支持的磁盘大小和分区数量远超传统的MBR（Master Boot Record）分区表。本文将指导您如何在这两个操作系统上创建GPT分区，操作相对简单。

注意事项

• 在进行分区操作之前，请确保您已经备份了所有重要数据。
• 确保您了解每一步操作的含义，错误的操作可能会导致数据丢失。
• GPT分区表适用于启动UEFI系统，而MBR通常用于启动传统BIOS系统。确保您的系统支持UEFI。

1.查看系统信息

pdsyw@pdsyw-PC:~/Desktop$ cat /etc/os-version 
[Version] 
SystemName=UOS Desktop
SystemName[zh_CN]=统信桌面操作系统
ProductType=Desktop
ProductType[zh_CN]=桌面
EditionName=Professional
EditionName[zh_CN]=专业版
MajorVersion=20
MinorVersion=1060
OsBuild=11014.100.100
pdsyw@pdsyw-PC:~/Desktop$ 
pdsyw@pdsyw-PC:~/Desktop$ uname -a
Linux pdsyw-PC 4.19.0-arm64-desktop #6034 SMP Thu Aug 17 13:12:04 CST 2023 aarch64 GNU/Linux
pdsyw@pdsyw-PC:~/Desktop$ 

2.查看磁盘分区

pdsyw@pdsyw-PC:~/Desktop$ sudo -i
请输入密码:
验证成功
root@pdsyw-PC:~# 
root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted -l
Model: ATA 1060-0 SSD (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 68.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system     Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  316MB   315MB   fat32           primary  boot, esp
 2      316MB   1926MB  1611MB  ext4            primary
 3      1926MB  10.6GB  8640MB  linux-swap(v1)  primary
 4      10.6GB  22.7GB  12.1GB  ext4            primary
 5      22.7GB  38.8GB  16.1GB  ext4            primary
 6      38.8GB  54.9GB  16.1GB  ext4            primary
 7      54.9GB  68.7GB  13.8GB  ext4            primary


Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (只读文件系统).  /dev/sr0 has been opened
read-only.
Error: /dev/sr0: unrecognised disk label
Model:  Virtual DVD-ROM (scsi)                                            
Disk /dev/sr0: 3658MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 2048B/2048B
Partition Table: unknown
Disk Flags: 

root@pdsyw-PC:~# 

3.添加sdb磁盘后查看分区

pdsyw@pdsyw-PC:~/Desktop$ sudo -i
请输入密码:
验证成功
root@pdsyw-PC:~# 
root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted -l
Model: ATA 1060-0 SSD (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 68.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system     Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  316MB   315MB   fat32           primary  boot, esp
 2      316MB   1926MB  1611MB  ext4            primary
 3      1926MB  10.6GB  8640MB  linux-swap(v1)  primary
 4      10.6GB  22.7GB  12.1GB  ext4            primary
 5      22.7GB  38.8GB  16.1GB  ext4            primary
 6      38.8GB  54.9GB  16.1GB  ext4            primary
 7      54.9GB  68.7GB  13.8GB  ext4            primary


Error: /dev/sdb: unrecognised disk label
Model: ATA 1060-1 SSD (scsi)                                              
Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: unknown
Disk Flags: 

Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (只读文件系统).  /dev/sr0 has been opened
read-only.
Error: /dev/sr0: unrecognised disk label
Model:  Virtual DVD-ROM (scsi)                                            
Disk /dev/sr0: 3658MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 2048B/2048B
Partition Table: unknown
Disk Flags: 

root@pdsyw-PC:~# 

4.查看parted是否安装

root@pdsyw-PC:~# apt policy parted
parted:
  已安装：3.2.1-25+dde
  候选： 3.2.1-25+dde
  版本列表：
 *** 3.2.1-25+dde 500
        500 https://professional-packages.chinauos.com/desktop-professional eagle/main arm64 Packages
        500 https://professional-security.chinauos.com eagle/1060/main arm64 Packages
        100 /usr/lib/dpkg-db/status
root@pdsyw-PC:~# 

5.如果没有安装可以通过apt安装

root@pdsyw-PC:~# apt update 
获取:2 https://pro-driver-packages.uniontech.com eagle InRelease [8,386 B]                      
获取:3 https://pro-driver-packages.uniontech.com eagle/non-free arm64 Packages [334 kB]         
获取:1 https://cdn-professional-security.chinauos.com eagle/1060 InRelease [28.8 kB]            
获取:4 https://cdn-professional-security.chinauos.com eagle/1060/main arm64 Packages [17.8 MB]  
获取:5 https://app-store-files.uniontech.com/240102101047559/appstore eagle-pro InRelease [6,134 B]
获取:6 https://app-store-files.uniontech.com/240102101047559/appstore eagle-pro/appstore arm64 Packages [1,691 kB]
命中:8 https://professional-packages.chinauos.com/printer eagle InRelease                       
获取:7 https://professional-packages.chinauos.com/desktop-professional eagle InRelease [28.8 kB]
已下载 19.9 MB，耗时 6秒 (3,511 kB/s)
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树       
正在读取状态信息... 完成       
有 61 个软件包可以升级。请执行 ‘apt list --upgradable’ 来查看它们。
root@pdsyw-PC:~# apt install parted -y
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树       
正在读取状态信息... 完成       
parted 已经是最新版 (3.2.1-25+dde)。
parted 已设置为手动安装。
下列软件包是自动安装的并且现在不需要了：
  aria2 libaria2-0 sqlite3
使用'apt autoremove'来卸载它(它们)。
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 0 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 61 个软件包未被升级。
root@pdsyw-PC:~# 

6.使用parted分区

root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt                                                      
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be
lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? yes                                                               
(parted) mkpart primary ext4 0GB 20GB                                     
(parted) print                                                            
Model: ATA 1060-1 SSD (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  20.0GB  20.0GB  ext4         primary

(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

root@pdsyw-PC:~# 

7.查看磁盘信息

root@pdsyw-PC:~# lsblk 
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   64G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0  300M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2   8:2    0  1.5G  0 part /boot
├─sda3   8:3    0    8G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sda4   8:4    0 11.3G  0 part /recovery
├─sda5   8:5    0   15G  0 part /
├─sda6   8:6    0   15G  0 part 
└─sda7   8:7    0 12.9G  0 part /data
sdb      8:16   0  100G  0 disk 
└─sdb1   8:17   0 18.6G  0 part 
sr0     11:0    1  3.4G  0 rom  /media/pdsyw/UOS 20
root@pdsyw-PC:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018)
Discarding device blocks: done                            
Creating filesystem with 4882432 4k blocks and 1220608 inodes
Filesystem UUID: a52ef1f9-e9dd-4311-be99-e5649a931e4b
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done   

root@pdsyw-PC:~# 

8.挂载分区

root@pdsyw-PC:~# mkdir /newdata
root@pdsyw-PC:~# 
root@pdsyw-PC:~# mount /dev/sdb1 /newdata/
root@pdsyw-PC:~# 
root@pdsyw-PC:~# df -h
文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
udev            3.9G     0  3.9G    0% /dev
tmpfs           796M  1.4M  795M    1% /run
/dev/sda5        15G  7.0G  7.0G   51% /
tmpfs           3.9G  6.1M  3.9G    1% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M    1% /run/lock
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda4        12G   41M   11G    1% /recovery
/dev/sda2       1.5G  206M  1.2G   15% /boot
/dev/sda1       300M  5.4M  294M    2% /boot/efi
/dev/sda7        13G  4.0G  8.0G   34% /data
tmpfs           796M   40K  796M    1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sr0        3.5G  3.5G     0  100% /media/pdsyw/UOS 20
/dev/sdb1        19G   45M   18G    1% /newdata
root@pdsyw-PC:~# 

9.将挂载信息加入到fstab中

root@pdsyw-PC:~# cp /etc/fstab{,.bak}
root@pdsyw-PC:~# 
root@pdsyw-PC:~# vim /etc/fstab
root@pdsyw-PC:~# cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
# /dev/sda5 LABEL=Roota
UUID=fea4ee50-df9d-4f4c-a921-390eb70db3dd       /               ext4            rw,relatime     0 1

# /dev/sda2 LABEL=Boot
UUID=5a1ac5f5-bd68-4b26-a9bb-75df179ea812       /boot           ext4            rw,relatime     0 2

# /dev/sda1 LABEL=EFI
UUID=CEE9-84DF          /boot/efi       vfat            rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro        0 2

# /dev/sda4 LABEL=Backup
UUID=6cc55be5-c8ed-4930-aef7-2ad91d0e8475       /recovery       ext4            rw,relatime     0 2

# /dev/sda7 LABEL=_dde_data
UUID=95bd3d66-8669-45be-b596-77944abca15f       /data           ext4            rw,relatime     0 2

# /dev/sda3 LABEL=SWAP
UUID=9aaca392-458c-4f32-925b-04692d3f9a43       none            swap            defaults        0 0

/data/home /home none defaults,bind 0 0
/data/opt /opt none defaults,bind 0 0
/data/root /root none defaults,bind 0 0
/data/var /var none defaults,bind 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /newdata ext4 defaults 0 0
root@pdsyw-PC:~# 

10.使用mount -a挂载查看是否报错

root@pdsyw-PC:~# mount -a
root@pdsyw-PC:~# 
root@pdsyw-PC:~# chown pdsyw. /newdata -R
root@pdsyw-PC:~# 
root@pdsyw-PC:~# ls -ltr /newdata/
总用量 16
drwx------ 2 pdsyw pdsyw 16384 1月   2 10:26 lost+found
root@pdsyw-PC:~# 

11.在文件管理器中查看

12.重启系统

13.登录系统

14.文件管理器中依旧存在

15.添加分区

pdsyw@pdsyw-PC:~/Desktop$ sudo -i
请输入密码:
验证成功
root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mkpart primary ext4 20GB  40GB
(parted) print 
Model: ATA 1060-1 SSD (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  20.0GB  20.0GB  ext4         primary
 2      20.0GB  40.0GB  20.0GB  ext4         primary

(parted)    

16.查看新添加的分区

root@pdsyw-PC:~# lsblk 
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   64G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0  300M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2   8:2    0  1.5G  0 part /boot
├─sda3   8:3    0    8G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sda4   8:4    0 11.3G  0 part /recovery
├─sda5   8:5    0   15G  0 part /
├─sda6   8:6    0   15G  0 part 
└─sda7   8:7    0 12.9G  0 part /data
sdb      8:16   0  100G  0 disk 
├─sdb1   8:17   0 18.6G  0 part /newdata
└─sdb2   8:18   0 18.6G  0 part 
sr0     11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
root@pdsyw-PC:~# 

17.删除分区

root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) print                                                            
Model: ATA 1060-1 SSD (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  20.0GB  20.0GB  ext4         primary
 2      20.0GB  40.0GB  20.0GB               primary

(parted) rm 2                                                             
(parted) print                                                            
Model: ATA 1060-1 SSD (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  20.0GB  20.0GB  ext4         primary

(parted) 

18.查看删除后的分区

root@pdsyw-PC:~# lsblk 
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   64G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0  300M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2   8:2    0  1.5G  0 part /boot
├─sda3   8:3    0    8G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sda4   8:4    0 11.3G  0 part /recovery
├─sda5   8:5    0   15G  0 part /
├─sda6   8:6    0   15G  0 part 
└─sda7   8:7    0 12.9G  0 part /data
sdb      8:16   0  100G  0 disk 
└─sdb1   8:17   0 18.6G  0 part /newdata
sr0     11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
root@pdsyw-PC:~# 

19.无交互添加新分区

root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted /dev/sdb --script -- mkpart primary 20GB 40GB
root@pdsyw-PC:~# 
root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted /dev/sdb print
Model: ATA 1060-1 SSD (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  20.0GB  20.0GB  ext4         primary
 2      20.0GB  40.0GB  20.0GB               primary

root@pdsyw-PC:~# lsblk 
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   64G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0  300M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2   8:2    0  1.5G  0 part /boot
├─sda3   8:3    0    8G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sda4   8:4    0 11.3G  0 part /recovery
├─sda5   8:5    0   15G  0 part /
├─sda6   8:6    0   15G  0 part 
└─sda7   8:7    0 12.9G  0 part /data
sdb      8:16   0  100G  0 disk 
├─sdb1   8:17   0 18.6G  0 part /newdata
└─sdb2   8:18   0 18.6G  0 part 
sr0     11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  

20.无交互删除分区

root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted /dev/sdb print
Model: ATA 1060-1 SSD (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  20.0GB  20.0GB  ext4         primary
 2      20.0GB  40.0GB  20.0GB               primary

root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted /dev/sdb --script -- rm 2
root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted /dev/sdb print
Model: ATA 1060-1 SSD (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  20.0GB  20.0GB  ext4         primary

root@pdsyw-PC:~# 

通过在统信UOS及麒麟KYLINOS上创建GPT分区，您可以更好地利用现代硬盘的大容量和灵活性。GPT分区表提供了比MBR更先进的分区技术，适用于各种存储需求。
希望这篇文章能帮助到需要在统信UOS及麒麟KYLINOS上进行磁盘分区的朋友们。如果你有任何问题或者更多的经验分享，请在评论区留言，我们一起讨论。
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