鸿蒙开发笔记(二十): 常用组件 TextInput/TextArea, 弹窗,视频播放Video

1. 文本输入 TextInput/TextArea

TextInput为单行输入框、TextArea为多行输入框。通过以下接口来创建。

TextArea(value?:{placeholder?: ResourceStr, text?: ResourceStr, controller?: TextAreaController})

TextInput(value?:{placeholder?: ResourceStr, text?: ResourceStr, controller?: TextInputController})

多行输入框文字超出一行时会自动折行。

1.1 TextInput

除支持通用属性外，还支持以下属性：

1.2 TextInputController

controller: TextInputController = new TextInputController()

1.3 TextArea

2. 弹窗

2.1 警告弹窗

AlertDialog.show()

// xxx.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct AlertDialogExample {
  build() {
    Column({ space: 5 }) {
      Button('one button dialog')
        .onClick(() => {
          AlertDialog.show(
            {
              title: 'title',
              message: 'text',
              autoCancel: true,
              alignment: DialogAlignment.Bottom,
              offset: { dx: 0, dy: -20 },
              gridCount: 3,
              confirm: {
                value: 'button',
                action: () => {
                  console.info('Button-clicking callback')
                }
              },
              cancel: () => {
                console.info('Closed callbacks')
              }
            }
          )
        })
        .backgroundColor(0x317aff)
      Button('two button dialog')
        .onClick(() => {
          AlertDialog.show(
            {
              title: 'title',
              message: 'text',
              autoCancel: true,
              alignment: DialogAlignment.Bottom,
              gridCount: 4,
              offset: { dx: 0, dy: -20 },
              primaryButton: {
                value: 'cancel',
                action: () => {
                  console.info('Callback when the first button is clicked')
                }
              },
              secondaryButton: {
                value: 'ok',
                action: () => {
                  console.info('Callback when the second button is clicked')
                }
              },
              cancel: () => {
                console.info('Closed callbacks')
              }
            }
          )
        }).backgroundColor(0x317aff)
    }.width('100%').margin({ top: 5 })
  }
}

2.2 列表选择弹窗

ActionSheet.show()

@Entry
@Component
struct ActionSheetExample {
  build() {
    Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center, justifyContent: FlexAlign.Center }) {
      Button('Click to Show ActionSheet')
        .onClick(() => {
          ActionSheet.show({
            title: 'ActionSheet title',
            message: 'message',
            autoCancel: true,
            confirm: {
              value: 'Confirm button',
              action: () => {
                console.log('Get Alert Dialog handled')
              }
            },
            cancel: () => {
              console.log('actionSheet canceled')
            },
            alignment: DialogAlignment.Bottom,
            offset: { dx: 0, dy: -10 },
            sheets: [
              {
                title: 'apples',
                action: () => {
                  console.log('apples')
                }
              },
              {
                title: 'bananas',
                action: () => {
                  console.log('bananas')
                }
              },
              {
                title: 'pears',
                action: () => {
                  console.log('pears')
                }
              }
            ]
          })
        })
    }.width('100%')
    .height('100%')
  }
}

2.3 日期滑动选择器弹窗

DatePickerDialog.show()

// xxx.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct DatePickerDialogExample {
  selectedDate: Date = new Date("2010-1-1")

  build() {
    Column() {
      Button("DatePickerDialog")
        .margin(20)
        .onClick(() => {
          DatePickerDialog.show({
            start: new Date("2000-1-1"),
            end: new Date("2100-12-31"),
            selected: this.selectedDate,
            onAccept: (value: DatePickerResult) => {
              // 通过Date的setFullYear方法设置按下确定按钮时的日期，这样当弹窗再次弹出时显示选中的是上一次确定的日期
              this.selectedDate.setFullYear(value.year, value.month, value.day)
              console.info("DatePickerDialog:onAccept()" + JSON.stringify(value))
            },
            onCancel: () => {
              console.info("DatePickerDialog:onCancel()")
            },
            onChange: (value: DatePickerResult) => {
              console.info("DatePickerDialog:onChange()" + JSON.stringify(value))
            }
          })
        })

      Button("Lunar DatePickerDialog")
        .margin(20)
        .onClick(() => {
          DatePickerDialog.show({
            start: new Date("2000-1-1"),
            end: new Date("2100-12-31"),
            selected: this.selectedDate,
            lunar: true,
            onAccept: (value: DatePickerResult) => {
              this.selectedDate.setFullYear(value.year, value.month, value.day)
              console.info("DatePickerDialog:onAccept()" + JSON.stringify(value))
            },
            onCancel: () => {
              console.info("DatePickerDialog:onCancel()")
            },
            onChange: (value: DatePickerResult) => {
              console.info("DatePickerDialog:onChange()" + JSON.stringify(value))
            }
          })
        })
    }.width('100%')
  }
}

2.4 时间滑动选择器弹窗

TimePickerDialog.show()

// xxx.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct TimePickerDialogExample {
  private selectTime: Date = new Date('2020-12-25T08:30:00')

  build() {
    Column() {
      Button("TimePickerDialog 12小时制")
        .margin(20)
        .onClick(() => {
          TimePickerDialog.show({
            selected: this.selectTime,
            onAccept: (value: TimePickerResult) => {
              // 设置selectTime为按下确定按钮时的时间，这样当弹窗再次弹出时显示选中的为上一次确定的时间
              this.selectTime.setHours(value.hour, value.minute)
              console.info("TimePickerDialog:onAccept()" + JSON.stringify(value))
            },
            onCancel: () => {
              console.info("TimePickerDialog:onCancel()")
            },
            onChange: (value: TimePickerResult) => {
              console.info("TimePickerDialog:onChange()" + JSON.stringify(value))
            }
          })
        })
      Button("TimePickerDialog 24小时制")
        .margin(20)
        .onClick(() => {
          TimePickerDialog.show({
            selected: this.selectTime,
            useMilitaryTime: true,
            onAccept: (value: TimePickerResult) => {
              this.selectTime.setHours(value.hour, value.minute)
              console.info("TimePickerDialog:onAccept()" + JSON.stringify(value))
            },
            onCancel: () => {
              console.info("TimePickerDialog:onCancel()")
            },
            onChange: (value: TimePickerResult) => {
              console.info("TimePickerDialog:onChange()" + JSON.stringify(value))
            }
          })
        })
    }.width('100%')
  }
}

2.5 文本滑动选择器弹窗

TextPickerDialog.show()

// xxx.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct TextPickerDialogExample {
  private select: number | number[] = 2
  private fruits: string[] = ['apple1', 'orange2', 'peach3', 'grape4', 'banana5']

  build() {
    Row() {
      Column() {
        Button("TextPickerDialog")
          .margin(20)
          .onClick(() => {
            TextPickerDialog.show({
              range: this.fruits,
              selected: this.select,
              onAccept: (value: TextPickerResult) => {
                // 设置select为按下确定按钮时候的选中项index，这样当弹窗再次弹出时显示选中的是上一次确定的选项
                this.select = value.index
                console.info("TextPickerDialog:onAccept()" + JSON.stringify(value))
              },
              onCancel: () => {
                console.info("TextPickerDialog:onCancel()")
              },
              onChange: (value: TextPickerResult) => {
                console.info("TextPickerDialog:onChange()" + JSON.stringify(value))
              }
            })
          })
      }.width('100%')
    }.height('100%')
  }
}

2.6 自定义弹窗（CustomDialog）

1. 使用@CustomDialog装饰器装饰自定义弹窗。

2. @CustomDialog装饰器用于装饰自定义弹框，此装饰器内进行自定义内容（也就是弹框内容）。

3. 创建构造器，与装饰器呼应相连。CustomDialogController仅在作为@CustomDialog和@Component struct的成员变量，且在@Component struct内部定义时赋值才有效，具体用法可看下方示例。CustomDialogController参数如下

// xxx.ets
@CustomDialog
struct CustomDialogExample {
  @Link textValue: string
  @Link inputValue: string
  controller: CustomDialogController
  // 若尝试在CustomDialog中传入多个其他的Controller，以实现在CustomDialog中打开另一个或另一些CustomDialog，那么此处需要将指向自己的controller放在最后
  cancel: () => void
  confirm: () => void

  build() {
    Column() {
      Text('Change text').fontSize(20).margin({ top: 10, bottom: 10 })
      TextInput({ placeholder: '', text: this.textValue }).height(60).width('90%')
        .onChange((value: string) => {
          this.textValue = value
        })
      Text('Whether to change a text?').fontSize(16).margin({ bottom: 10 })
      Flex({ justifyContent: FlexAlign.SpaceAround }) {
        Button('cancel')
          .onClick(() => {
            this.controller.close()
            this.cancel()
          }).backgroundColor(0xffffff).fontColor(Color.Black)
        Button('confirm')
          .onClick(() => {
            this.inputValue = this.textValue
            this.controller.close()
            this.confirm()
          }).backgroundColor(0xffffff).fontColor(Color.Red)
      }.margin({ bottom: 10 })
    }
    // dialog默认的borderRadius为24vp，如果需要使用border属性，请和borderRadius属性一起使用。
  }
}

@Entry
@Component
struct CustomDialogUser {
  @State textValue: string = ''
  @State inputValue: string = 'click me'
  dialogController: CustomDialogController = new CustomDialogController({
    builder: CustomDialogExample({
      cancel: this.onCancel,
      confirm: this.onAccept,
      textValue: $textValue,
      inputValue: $inputValue
    }),
    cancel: this.existApp,
    autoCancel: true,
    alignment: DialogAlignment.Bottom,
    offset: { dx: 0, dy: -20 },
    gridCount: 4,
    customStyle: false
  })

  // 在自定义组件即将析构销毁时将dialogController置空
  aboutToDisappear() {
    this.dialogController = undefined // 将dialogController置空
  }

  onCancel() {
    console.info('Callback when the first button is clicked')
  }

  onAccept() {
    console.info('Callback when the second button is clicked')
  }

  existApp() {
    console.info('Click the callback in the blank area')
  }

  build() {
    Column() {
      Button(this.inputValue)
        .onClick(() => {
          if (this.dialogController != undefined) {
            this.dialogController.open()
          }
        }).backgroundColor(0x317aff)
    }.width('100%').margin({ top: 5 })
  }
}

3. 视频播放 Video

3.1 组件创建

Video通过调用接口来创建，接口调用形式如下：

Video(value: {src?: string | Resource, currentProgressRate?: number | string | PlaybackSpeed, previewUri?: string | PixelMap | Resource, controller?: VideoController})

3.2 视频加载

• 加载本地视频时，首先在本地rawfile目录指定对应的文件，如下图所示。

再使用资源访问符$rawfile()引用视频资源。

@Component
export struct VideoPlayer{
   private controller:VideoController;
   private previewUris: Resource = $r ('app.media.preview');
   private innerResource: Resource = $rawfile('videoTest.mp4');
   build(){
     Column() {
       Video({
         src: this.innerResource,
         previewUri: this.previewUris,
         controller: this.controller
       })
   }
 }
}

• Data Ability提供的视频路径带有dataability://前缀，使用时确保对应视频资源存在即可。

@Component
export struct VideoPlayer{
   private controller:VideoController;
   private previewUris: Resource = $r ('app.media.preview');
   private videoSrc: string = 'dataability://device_id/com.domainname.dataability.videodata/video/10'
   build(){
     Column() {
       Video({
         src: this.videoSrc,
         previewUri: this.previewUris,
         controller: this.controller
       })
   }
 }
}

• 加载沙箱路径视频
  支持file:///data/storage路径前缀的字符串，用于读取应用沙箱路径内的资源。需要保证应用沙箱目录路径下的文件存在并且有可读权限。

@Component
export struct VideoPlayer {
  private controller: VideoController;
  private videoSrc: string = 'file:///data/storage/el2/base/haps/entry/files/show.mp4'

  build() {
    Column() {
      Video({
        src: this.videoSrc,
        controller: this.controller
      })
    }
  }
}

• 加载网络视频
  加载网络视频时，需要申请权限ohos.permission.INTERNET，具体申请方式请参考权限申请声明。此时，Video的src属性为网络视频的链接。

@Component
export struct VideoPlayer{
   private controller:VideoController;
   private previewUris: Resource = $r ('app.media.preview');
   private videoSrc: string= 'https://www.example.com/example.mp4' // 使用时请替换为实际视频加载网址
   build(){
     Column() {
       Video({
         src: this.videoSrc,
         previewUri: this.previewUris,
         controller: this.controller
       })
   }
 }
}

3.3 VideoController

一个VideoController对象可以控制一个或多个video

controller: VideoController = new VideoController()

提供了start(), stop(), pause(),setCurrentTime()指定视频播放的进度位置(单位为s), requestFullscreen(), exitFullscreen(), setCurrentTime(value: number, seekMode: SeekMode)控制方法.

// xxx.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct VideoCreateComponent {
  @State videoSrc: Resource = $rawfile('video1.mp4')
  @State previewUri: Resource = $r('app.media.poster1')
  @State curRate: PlaybackSpeed = PlaybackSpeed.Speed_Forward_1_00_X
  @State isAutoPlay: boolean = false
  @State showControls: boolean = true
  controller: VideoController = new VideoController()

  build() {
    Column() {
      Video({
        src: this.videoSrc,
        previewUri: this.previewUri,
        currentProgressRate: this.curRate,
        controller: this.controller
      }).width('100%').height(600)
        .autoPlay(this.isAutoPlay)
        .controls(this.showControls)
        .onStart(() => {
          console.info('onStart')
        })
        .onPause(() => {
          console.info('onPause')
        })
        .onFinish(() => {
          console.info('onFinish')
        })
        .onError(() => {
          console.info('onError')
        })
        .onPrepared((e) => {
          console.info('onPrepared is ' + e.duration)
        })
        .onSeeking((e) => {
          console.info('onSeeking is ' + e.time)
        })
        .onSeeked((e) => {
          console.info('onSeeked is ' + e.time)
        })
        .onUpdate((e) => {
          console.info('onUpdate is ' + e.time)
        })
      
      Row() {
        Button('src').onClick(() => {
          this.videoSrc = $rawfile('video2.mp4') // 切换视频源
        }).margin(5)
        Button('previewUri').onClick(() => {
          this.previewUri = $r('app.media.poster2') // 切换视频预览海报
        }).margin(5)
        Button('controls').onClick(() => {
          this.showControls = !this.showControls // 切换是否显示视频控制栏
        }).margin(5)
      }

      Row() {
        Button('start').onClick(() => {
          this.controller.start() // 开始播放
        }).margin(5)
        Button('pause').onClick(() => {
          this.controller.pause() // 暂停播放
        }).margin(5)
        Button('stop').onClick(() => {
          this.controller.stop() // 结束播放
        }).margin(5)
        Button('setTime').onClick(() => {
          this.controller.setCurrentTime(10, SeekMode.Accurate) // 精准跳转到视频的10s位置
        }).margin(5)
      }

      Row() {
        Button('rate 0.75').onClick(() => {
          this.curRate = PlaybackSpeed.Speed_Forward_0_75_X // 0.75倍速播放
        }).margin(5)
        Button('rate 1').onClick(() => {
          this.curRate = PlaybackSpeed.Speed_Forward_1_00_X // 原倍速播放
        }).margin(5)
        Button('rate 2').onClick(() => {
          this.curRate = PlaybackSpeed.Speed_Forward_2_00_X // 2倍速播放
        }).margin(5)
      }
    }
  }
}