P2P如何使用register_attention_control为UNet的CrossAttention关联AttentionStore

发布时间:2023年12月18日

上次的调试到这里了,写完这篇接着看,prepare_latents_ddim_inverted 如何预计算 inversion latents:
/home/pgao/yue/FateZero/video_diffusion/pipelines/p2p_ddim_spatial_temporal.py
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1. 原始的UNet3D的CrossAttention和SparseCausalAttention

在重写的UNetPseudo3DConditionModel中,包含Attention的部分主要来自SpatioTemporalTransformerModel,而Attention主要来自其中的 SpatioTemporalTransformerBlock,其中主要包含两种CrossAttentionSparseCausalAttentionSparseCausalAttention继承自CorssAttention重写了它的forward方法

CrossAttention

首先先介绍CrossAttention类:
在这里插入图片描述
这是一个交叉注意力层的代码实现,用于模型中的注意力机制。该层接收一个查询(query)和一个编码器隐藏状态(encoder_hidden_states:key 和 value),并根据它们计算出注意力分数。具体实现如下:

  • 初始化函数__init__接收一些参数,包括查询维度(query_dim)、交叉注意力维度(cross_attention_dim)、头数(heads)、每个头的维度(dim_head)、dropout 概率(dropout)等。同时定义一些Linear layersto_qto_kto_vto_out([Linear, Dropout])added_kv_proj_dim,以及GroupNorm layer
  • 分头与合头用于对张量进行形状变换操作,其中分头 reshape_heads_to_batch_dim把heads维度从dim维度变形到batch维度中:将(batch_size, seq_len, dim) 转换为 (batch_size * head_size, seq_len, dim // head_size)合头reshape_batch_dim_to_heads把heads维度从batch维度中还原到dim维度:将(batch_size * head_size, seq_len, dim // head_size) 转换为 (batch_size, seq_len, dim)
  • 前向传播forward方法中,首先对hidden_states(query)encoder_hidden_states(key/value)进行一些形状变换和线性变换操作,将查询q、键k、值v分别通过Linearto_q/k/v转换为内部维度(inner_dim)大小的张量,然后对张量进行分头 reshape_heads_to_batch_dim。接下来,根据注意力分数的计算方式,对查询、键和值进行进一步处理。如果指定了添加的键值投影维度(added_kv_proj_dim),则将其与原始的k和v进行拼接。根据是否指定了注意力掩码(attention_mask)。进行attention(query, key, value, attention_mask)计算:计算attention_score,并进行 softmax 归一化。将attention_score与v相乘,得到最终的attention输出。可以选择普通的_attention、或者分片注意力_sliced_attention、或者xformors的_memory_efficient_attention_xformers。最后,通过to_out的线性层和 dropout 层对注意力输出进行进一步的线性变换和正则化处理,得到最终的输出结果。
def forward(self, hidden_states, encoder_hidden_states=None, attention_mask=None):
        # hidden_states : q,  encoder_hidden_states : k, v
        batch_size, sequence_length, _ = hidden_states.shape

        encoder_hidden_states = encoder_hidden_states

        # 1. normalize hidden_states
        if self.group_norm is not None:  # normalization hidden_states
            hidden_states = self.group_norm(hidden_states.transpose(1, 2)).transpose(1, 2)

        # 2. linear project to q,k,v
        query = self.to_q(hidden_states)
        dim = query.shape[-1]
        query = self.reshape_heads_to_batch_dim(query)

        if self.added_kv_proj_dim is not None:
            key = self.to_k(hidden_states)
            value = self.to_v(hidden_states)
            encoder_hidden_states_key_proj = self.add_k_proj(encoder_hidden_states)
            encoder_hidden_states_value_proj = self.add_v_proj(encoder_hidden_states)

            key = self.reshape_heads_to_batch_dim(key)
            value = self.reshape_heads_to_batch_dim(value)
            encoder_hidden_states_key_proj = self.reshape_heads_to_batch_dim(encoder_hidden_states_key_proj)
            encoder_hidden_states_value_proj = self.reshape_heads_to_batch_dim(encoder_hidden_states_value_proj)

            key = torch.concat([encoder_hidden_states_key_proj, key], dim=1)
            value = torch.concat([encoder_hidden_states_value_proj, value], dim=1)
        else:
            encoder_hidden_states = encoder_hidden_states if encoder_hidden_states is not None else hidden_states
            key = self.to_k(encoder_hidden_states)
            value = self.to_v(encoder_hidden_states)

            key = self.reshape_heads_to_batch_dim(key)
            value = self.reshape_heads_to_batch_dim(value)
        
        # 3. set attention mask
        if attention_mask is not None:
            if attention_mask.shape[-1] != query.shape[1]:
                target_length = query.shape[1] # padding attention_mask with 0 to same_length of query
                attention_mask = F.pad(attention_mask, (0, target_length), value=0.0) # (batch_size, sequence_length) 
                attention_mask = attention_mask.repeat_interleave(self.heads, dim=0)  # repeat for heads (batch_size*heads, sequence_length) 

        # 4. do attention softmax(qk)/v : select _attention, _sliced_attention, _memory_efficient_attention_xformers
        if self._use_memory_efficient_attention_xformers:
            hidden_states = self._memory_efficient_attention_xformers(query, key, value, attention_mask)
            # Some versions of xformers return output in fp32, cast it back to the dtype of the input
            hidden_states = hidden_states.to(query.dtype)
        else:
            if self._slice_size is None or query.shape[0] // self._slice_size == 1:
                hidden_states = self._attention(query, key, value, attention_mask)
            else:
                hidden_states = self._sliced_attention(query, key, value, sequence_length, dim, attention_mask)

        # linear proj
        hidden_states = self.to_out[0](hidden_states)

        # dropout
        hidden_states = self.to_out[1](hidden_states)
        return hidden_states
  • 这里我们只看一下普通的多头注意力_attention,传入query, key, value, attention_mask。q和k计算attention_score,并进行 softmax 归一化。将attention_score与v相乘,得到最终的attention输出。其中关键的矩阵乘法操作torch.baddbmm(input, tensor1, tensor2, *, beta=1, alpha=1, out=None) → Tensor实现如下: o u t p u t = i n p u t ? β + α ( t e n s o r 1 @ t e n s o r 2 ) output = input*\beta + \alpha(tensor1 @ tensor2) output=input?β+α(tensor1@tensor2)重大疑问这里的attention_scores = attention_scores + attention_mask是在做什么?难道不应该是乘mask吗? 因为这里的attention_mask已经【被动过手脚】,将原本为1的部分变为0,而原本为0的部分(即padding)变为一个较大的负数(-Nan),这样相加就得到了一个较大的负值,至于为什么要用【一个较大的负数】?因为这样一来经过softmax操作以后这一项就会变成接近0的小数。
    def _attention(self, query, key, value, attention_mask=None):
        if self.upcast_attention:  # set float
            query = query.float()
            key = key.float()

        # 1. attention_scores = scale * (q @ k)
        attention_scores = torch.baddbmm(
            torch.empty(query.shape[0], query.shape[1], key.shape[1], dtype=query.dtype, device=query.device),
            query,
            key.transpose(-1, -2),
            beta=0,
            alpha=self.scale,
        )

        # 2. use attention_mask (UnMask is 0, Mask is -Nan)
        if attention_mask is not None:
            attention_scores = attention_scores + attention_mask

        if self.upcast_softmax:
            attention_scores = attention_scores.float()

        # 3. attention_map : attention_probs = Softmax(q @ k)
        attention_probs = attention_scores.softmax(dim=-1)

        # cast back to the original dtype
        attention_probs = attention_probs.to(value.dtype)

        # 4. compute attention output
        hidden_states = torch.bmm(attention_probs, value)

        # reshape hidden_states
        hidden_states = self.reshape_batch_dim_to_heads(hidden_states)
        return hidden_states
  • 此外,还包含了一种分片计算注意力的方法 _sliced_attention,以节省计算资源。set_attention_slice用于设置分片大小slice_size。

SparseCausalAttention

稀疏因果自注意力SparseCausalAttention继承自CrossAttention,只重写了forward(本质上是时空自注意力机制,使用特定的帧之间的关系来计算SelfAttention,提高计算效率)

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首先,如果k,v对应的encoder_hidden_statesattention_mask不为None,则抛出NotImplementedError。因为稀疏因果自注意力是Self Attention!!!,虽然复用了CrossAttention的代码,但计算不需要额外的key和value这些参数。

接下来,如果提供了group_norm,则对输入tokens hidden_states进行分组归一化(group normalization)操作。

然后,将输入张量转换为查询、键和值并重塑为多头形式。如果提供了帧数clip_length,则将key和value的frames维度从batch维度中拆分出来。

接着开始时空注意力帧选择,在计算第i帧的self-attention时,根据SparseCausalAttention_index来选择 keyvalue中对应的帧,来参与后续attention的计算(KV来自第i帧 z i z_i zi?和中间帧第i帧 z [ n / / 2 ] z^{[n//2]} z[n//2]的拼接)

接下来,将key和value的frames维度还原回batch维度,并使用_attention方法,或_sliced_attention方法,或_memory_efficient_attention_xformers 计算 Spatial-temporal attention 输出:
S p a t i a l T e m p o r a l S e l f A t t e n t i o n = s o f t m a x ( W Q z i ? ( W K [ z i ; z n 2 ] ) T ) ? W V [ z i ; z n 2 ] SpatialTemporalSelfAttention=softmax(W^Qz^i\cdot (W^K[z^i;z^{\frac{n}{2}}])^T)\cdot W^V[z^i;z^{\frac{n}{2}}] SpatialTemporalSelfAttention=softmax(WQzi?(WK[zi;z2n?])T)?WV[zi;z2n?]

最后,通过线性变换和dropout层对注意力输出进行后处理,并返回结果。

class SparseCausalAttention(CrossAttention):
    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states,
        encoder_hidden_states=None,
        attention_mask=None,
        clip_length: int = None,
        SparseCausalAttention_index: list = [-1, 'first']
    ):
        if (
            self.added_kv_proj_dim is not None
            or encoder_hidden_states is not None
            or attention_mask is not None
        ):
            raise NotImplementedError

        if self.group_norm is not None:
            hidden_states = self.group_norm(hidden_states.transpose(1, 2)).transpose(1, 2)

        query = self.to_q(hidden_states)
        dim = query.shape[-1]
        query = self.reshape_heads_to_batch_dim(query)

        key = self.to_k(hidden_states)
        value = self.to_v(hidden_states)

        if clip_length is not None:
            key = rearrange(key, "(b f) d c -> b f d c", f=clip_length)
            value = rearrange(value, "(b f) d c -> b f d c", f=clip_length)


            #  *********************** Start of Spatial-temporal attention **********
            frame_index_list = []
            # print(f'SparseCausalAttention_index {str(SparseCausalAttention_index)}')
            if len(SparseCausalAttention_index) > 0:
                for index in SparseCausalAttention_index:  # select mid and last frame index
                    if isinstance(index, str):
                        if index == 'first':
                            frame_index = [0] * clip_length
                        if index == 'last':
                            frame_index = [clip_length-1] * clip_length
                        if (index == 'mid') or (index == 'middle'):
                            frame_index = [int(clip_length-1)//2] * clip_length
                    else:
                        assert isinstance(index, int), 'relative index must be int'
                        frame_index = torch.arange(clip_length) + index
                        frame_index = frame_index.clip(0, clip_length-1)
                        
                    frame_index_list.append(frame_index)
                
                key = torch.cat([key[:, frame_index] for frame_index in frame_index_list ], dim=2)
                value = torch.cat([value[:, frame_index] for frame_index in frame_index_list ], dim=2)


            #  *********************** End of Spatial-temporal attention **********
            key = rearrange(key, "b f d c -> (b f) d c", f=clip_length)
            value = rearrange(value, "b f d c -> (b f) d c", f=clip_length)
        
        
        key = self.reshape_heads_to_batch_dim(key)
        value = self.reshape_heads_to_batch_dim(value)
        
        
        if self._use_memory_efficient_attention_xformers:
            hidden_states = self._memory_efficient_attention_xformers(query, key, value, attention_mask)
            # Some versions of xformers return output in fp32, cast it back to the dtype of the input
            hidden_states = hidden_states.to(query.dtype)
        else:
            if self._slice_size is None or query.shape[0] // self._slice_size == 1:
                hidden_states = self._attention(query, key, value, attention_mask)
            else:
                hidden_states = self._sliced_attention(
                    query, key, value, hidden_states.shape[1], dim, attention_mask
                )

        # linear proj
        hidden_states = self.to_out[0](hidden_states)

        # dropout
        hidden_states = self.to_out[1](hidden_states)
        return hidden_states

2. register_attention_control的具体过程

register_attention_control函数传入model=UNetcontroller=AttentionStore,为UNet交叉注意力CrossAttention稀疏自注意力SparseCausalAttention关联上AttentionStore 作为 controller,用于保存和管理 attention map,用于后期P2P的注入和corss attention map构造MASK。

其中attention_controlled_forward是为CrossAttentionSparseCausalAttention重写的forward我们最后再讲。

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DummyController

创建一个名为DummyController虚拟controller,用于在没有传入controller时使用,实际是用不上的。

class DummyController:  
        def __call__(self, *args):
            return args[0]
        def __init__(self):
            self.num_att_layers = 0
    if controller is None:  # controller is AttentionStore
        controller = DummyController()

register_recr

递归找到模块net_[1]中所有的CrossAttentionSparseCausalAttention。并将其前向函数forward替换为attention_controlled_forward函数。最后,返回该模块中注册的注意力层数量。

def register_recr(net_, count, place_in_unet):
    if net_[1].__class__.__name__ == 'CrossAttention' or net_[1].__class__.__name__ == 'SparseCausalAttention':
        net_[1].forward = attention_controlled_forward(net_[1], place_in_unet, attention_type = net_[1].__class__.__name__)
        return count + 1
    elif hasattr(net_[1], 'children'):
        for net in net_[1].named_children():
            if net[0] !='attn_temporal':
                count = register_recr(net, count, place_in_unet)
    return count

for model.unet.named_children()

遍历UNet模型的子模块,找到down_blocks, up_blocks, mid_blocks,调用register_recr找到所有CrossAttentionSparseCausalAttention为其修改forward

cross_att_count = 0
sub_nets = model.unet.named_children()
for net in sub_nets:  # net = ['net_name', net_instance]
    if "down" in net[0]:
        cross_att_count += register_recr(net, 0, "down")  # 12
    elif "up" in net[0]:
        cross_att_count += register_recr(net, 0, "up")
    elif "mid" in net[0]:
        cross_att_count += register_recr(net, 0, "mid")
print(f"Number of attention layer registered {cross_att_count}")  # 32
controller.num_att_layers = cross_att_count  # 32

attention_controlled_forward

最后我们来看看给CrossAttentionSparseCausalAttention重写的forward函数attention_controlled_forward长什么样。

attention_controlled_forward函数用于替代CrossAttention的forward函数为新的forward,替换SparseCausalAttention的forward函数为spatial_temporal_forward,并将其与 controller 进行连接

遍历model.unet.named_children()得到的 net 包含两部分 net = ['net_name', net_instance]net[0]是模块的名字,net[1]是模块对象本身。

传入的参数:(self, place_in_unet, attention_type='cross'),其中selfnet[1]模块对象本身,place_in_unet是"down"、“mid”、“up”。attention_typenet_[1].__class__.__name__,即模块的类名。(例如区别模块名attn1类名CrossAttention

在这里插入图片描述

CrossAttentionSparseCausalAttention重写的两种forward思路和原始的forward基本一样,都是根据输入得到query,key,value,然后调用自定义的注意力函数_attention()进行注意力计算,计算注意力输出并返回。新加入的关键代码:在得到attention_probs后,将注意力概率张量 attention_probs的形状变换为(batch_size, num_heads, seq_length, seq_length),传递给 controller 进行记录和编辑。

			# START OF CORE FUNCTION
            # Record during inversion and edit the attention probs during editing
            attention_probs = controller(reshape_batch_dim_to_temporal_heads(attention_probs), 
                                         is_cross, place_in_unet)
            attention_probs = reshape_temporal_heads_to_batch_dim(attention_probs)
            # END OF CORE FUNCTION

reshape_batch_dim_to_temporal_headsreshape_temporal_heads_to_batch_dim对注意力矩阵进行维度转换:

  1. reshape_temporal_heads_to_batch_dim函数将注意力矩阵从形状(batch_size*num_heads, seq_length, seq_length)重塑为形状(batch_size, num_heads, seq_length, seq_length)。具体操作是使用rearrange函数,将头数维度和批量大小维度分开,保持序列长度维度不变。

  2. reshape_batch_dim_to_temporal_heads函数将注意力矩阵从形状(batch_size, num_heads, seq_length, seq_length)重塑为形状(batch_size*num_heads, seq_length, seq_length)。具体操作也是使用rearrange函数,将头数维度和批量大小维度合并,保持序列长度维度不变。

        def reshape_temporal_heads_to_batch_dim( tensor):
            head_size = self.heads
            tensor = rearrange(tensor, " b h s t -> (b h) s t ", h = head_size)
            return tensor

        def reshape_batch_dim_to_temporal_heads(tensor):
            head_size = self.heads
            tensor = rearrange(tensor, "(b h) s t -> b h s t", h = head_size)
            return tensor

CrossAttentionSparseCausalAttention的新的forward输出的最后去掉了Dropout,其余没有任何变化:

hidden_states = self.to_out[1](hidden_states)

3. UNet forward时controller AttentionStore如何发挥作用

前面说了每次Attention 进行 forward的时候,把attention_probs存入controller

attention_probs = controller(reshape_batch_dim_to_temporal_heads(attention_probs), is_cross, place_in_unet)

当我们call我们的controller时,内部是怎么运行的呢?接下来分析两个类:注意力存储器 AttentionStore 是一个用于注意力编辑的基类。这个类继承了 AttentionControl 类,并且新增了一些方法和属性。
在这里插入图片描述

AttentionControl

AttentionControl 是一个抽象基类(ABC),定义了一堆抽象方法等着AttentionStore 去重写。

  • __init__ 方法:初始化 AttentionControl 类的实例,设置了一些默认属性。
    def __init__(self, 
                 ):
        self.LOW_RESOURCE = False # assume the edit have cfg
        self.cur_step = 0
        self.num_att_layers = -1
        self.cur_att_layer = 0
  • step_callback 方法:在每次前向传播forward之后调用,用于更新当前步数和当前注意力层。
    def step_callback(self, x_t):
        self.cur_att_layer = 0
        self.cur_step += 1
        self.between_steps()
        return x_t
  • between_steps 方法:在 denoising step 之间 调用,可以用于添加自定义逻辑,这里是一个空方法。
    def between_steps(self):
        return    
  • num_uncond_att_layers 属性:返回 uncondition 注意力层的数量,默认为0。
    @property
    def num_uncond_att_layers(self):
        """I guess the diffusion of google has some unconditional attention layer
        No unconditional attention layer in Stable diffusion

        Returns:
            _type_: _description_
        """
        # return self.num_att_layers if config_dict['LOW_RESOURCE'] else 0
        return 0
  • forward 方法:抽象方法,子类必须实现该方法以执行注意力修改的逻辑。
@abc.abstractmethod
    def forward (self, attn, is_cross: bool, place_in_unet: str):
        raise NotImplementedError
  • __call__ 方法:调用实例对象时会执行该方法。根据当前注意力层条件,选择是否调用 forward 方法来修改注意力图。
    def __call__(self, attn, is_cross: bool, place_in_unet: str):
        if self.cur_att_layer >= self.num_uncond_att_layers:
            if self.LOW_RESOURCE:
                # For inversion without null text file 
                attn = self.forward(attn, is_cross, place_in_unet)
            else:
                # For classifier-free guidance scale!=1
                h = attn.shape[0]
                attn[h // 2:] = self.forward(attn[h // 2:], is_cross, place_in_unet)
        self.cur_att_layer += 1

        return attn
  • reset 方法:重置所有状态,包括当前步数、当前注意力层等。
    def reset(self):
        self.cur_step = 0
        self.cur_att_layer = 0

AttentionStore

AttentionStore继承自AttentionControl类。AttentionStore类的主要功能是在训练过程中存储和处理注意力矩阵,以便后续使用。

  1. __init__方法:初始化AttentionStore对象。它设置了一些初始变量,包括是否保存自注意力矩阵save_self_attention、是否将注意力矩阵存储到磁盘上disk_store,磁盘存储路径store_dir ,当前 denoising step 中的注意力图存储器step_store (通过调用 get_empty_store() 方法创建的空存储器初始化),注意力图的存储字典attention_store (用于存储每个 denoising step 中的注意力图),注意力图的latents的列表latents_store ,存储所有 denoising step 中的注意力图的路径列表attention_store_all_step
    def __init__(self, save_self_attention:bool=True, disk_store=False):
        super(AttentionStore, self).__init__()
        self.disk_store = disk_store
        if self.disk_store:
            time_string = get_time_string()
            path = f'./trash/attention_cache_{time_string}'
            os.makedirs(path, exist_ok=True)
            self.store_dir = path
        else:
            self.store_dir =None
        self.step_store = self.get_empty_store()  # for one step attn_map
        self.attention_store = {}  # for all step attn_map
        self.save_self_attention = save_self_attention  # bool
        self.latents_store = []  # for all step latents
        self.attention_store_all_step = []  # for all step attn_map path
  1. step_callback方法:在每个时间步骤中被调用,用于将注意力矩阵x_t添加到latents_store列表中,并返回x_t
    def step_callback(self, x_t):
        x_t = super().step_callback(x_t)
        self.latents_store.append(x_t.cpu().detach())
        return x_t
  1. get_empty_store方法:返回一个空的存储字典,包含不同类型的注意力矩阵。
    @staticmethod
    def get_empty_store():
        return {"down_cross": [], "mid_cross": [], "up_cross": [],
                "down_self": [],  "mid_self": [],  "up_self": []}
  1. get_empty_cross_store方法:返回一个空的存储字典,只包含跨注意力矩阵。
    @staticmethod
    def get_empty_cross_store():
        return {"down_cross": [], "mid_cross": [], "up_cross": [],
                }
  1. forward方法:接收注意力矩阵attn、一个布尔值is_cross和一个字符串place_in_unet作为输入。根据is_crosssave_self_attention的取值,将注意力矩阵添加到step_store字典的相应位置。
    def forward(self, attn, is_cross: bool, place_in_unet: str):
        key = f"{place_in_unet}_{'cross' if is_cross else 'self'}"
        if attn.shape[-2] <= 32 ** 2:  # avoid memory overhead
            # print(f"Store attention map {key} of shape {attn.shape}")
            if is_cross or self.save_self_attention:
                if attn.shape[-2] == 32**2:
                    append_tensor = attn.cpu().detach()
                else:
                    append_tensor = attn
                self.step_store[key].append(copy.deepcopy(append_tensor))
                # FIXME: Are these deepcopy all necessary?
                # self.step_store[key].append(append_tensor)
        return attn
  1. between_steps方法:在每个时间步之间被调用,用于将step_store字典的内容累加到attention_store字典中,并将step_store重置为空。
    def between_steps(self):
    	# 1. add step_store to attention_store
        if len(self.attention_store) == 0:
            self.attention_store = self.step_store
        else:
            for key in self.attention_store:
                for i in range(len(self.attention_store[key])):
                    self.attention_store[key][i] += self.step_store[key][i]
        # 2. save this step attn_map, save path to attention_store_all_step
        if self.disk_store:
            path = self.store_dir + f'/{self.cur_step:03d}.pt'
            torch.save(copy.deepcopy(self.step_store), path)
            self.attention_store_all_step.append(path)
        else:
            self.attention_store_all_step.append(copy.deepcopy(self.step_store))
        # 3. empty step_store
        self.step_store = self.get_empty_store()
  1. get_average_attention方法:计算attention_store字典中注意力矩阵所有step的平均值,并返回结果。
    def get_average_attention(self):
        "divide the attention map value in attention store by denoising steps"
        average_attention = {key: [item / self.cur_step for item in self.attention_store[key]] for key in self.attention_store}
        return average_attention
  1. reset方法:重置AttentionStore对象的状态。
    def reset(self):
        super(AttentionStore, self).reset()
        self.step_store = self.get_empty_store()
        self.attention_store_all_step = []
        self.attention_store = {}
文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_54338498/article/details/135051918
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