50个开发必备的Python经典脚本(21-30)

目录

21. 创建一个简单的秒表

22.压缩文件夹和文件的Python脚本

23. 查找 IMDB 评级

如何运行脚本？

24. 网页抓取 Youtube 评论

25. 文字转语音

先决条件

26. 转换图像格式

27.随机维基百科文章

安装

28. 检查网站连接

29. # 当前天气

要求

30.GUI计算器应用程序

---

建议收藏备用

21. 创建一个简单的秒表

import tkinter as Tkinter
from datetime import datetime
counter = 0
running = False


def counter_label(label):
    def count():
        if running:
            global counter
            # To manage the intial delay. 
            if counter == 0:
                display = 'Ready!'
            else:
                tt = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(counter)
                string = tt.strftime('%H:%M:%S')
                display = string

            label['text'] = display

            # label.after(arg1, arg2) delays by 
            # first argument given in milliseconds 
            # and then calls the function given as second argument. 
            # Generally like here we need to call the 
            # function in which it is present repeatedly. 
            # Delays by 1000ms=1 seconds and call count again. 
            label.after(1000, count)
            counter += 1

    # Triggering the start of the counter. 
    count()


# start function of the stopwatch 
def Start(label):
    global running
    running = True
    counter_label(label)
    start['state'] = 'disabled'
    stop['state'] = 'normal'
    reset['state'] = 'normal'


# Stop function of the stopwatch 
def Stop():
    global running
    start['state'] = 'normal'
    stop['state'] = 'disabled'
    reset['state'] = 'normal'
    running = False


# Reset function of the stopwatch 
def Reset(label):
    global counter
    counter = 0
    # If reset is pressed after pressing stop. 
    if not running:
        reset['state'] = 'disabled'
        label['text'] = '00:00:00'
    # If reset is pressed while the stopwatch is running. 
    else:
        label['text'] = '00:00:00'


root = Tkinter.Tk()
root.title("Stopwatch")

# Fixing the window size.
root.minsize(width=250, height=70)
label = Tkinter.Label(root, text='Ready!', fg='black', font='Verdana 30 bold')
label.pack()
f = Tkinter.Frame(root)
start = Tkinter.Button(f, text='Start', width=6, command=lambda: Start(label))
stop = Tkinter.Button(f, text='Stop', width=6, state='disabled', command=Stop)
reset = Tkinter.Button(f, text='Reset', width=6, state='disabled', command=lambda: Reset(label))
f.pack(anchor='center', pady=5)
start.pack(side='left')
stop.pack(side='left')
reset.pack(side='left')
root.mainloop()

22.压缩文件夹和文件的Python脚本

import zipfile
import sys
import os


# compress file function
def zip_file(file_path):
    compress_file = zipfile.ZipFile(file_path + '.zip', 'w')
    compress_file.write(path, compress_type=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
    compress_file.close()


# Declare the function to return all file paths of the particular directory
def retrieve_file_paths(dir_name):
    # setup file paths variable
    file_paths = []

    # Read all directory, subdirectories and file lists
    for root, directories, files in os.walk(dir_name):
        for filename in files:
            # Create the full file path by using os module.
            file_path = os.path.join(root, filename)
            file_paths.append(file_path)

    # return all paths
    return file_paths


def zip_dir(dir_path, file_paths):
    # write files and folders to a zipfile
    compress_dir = zipfile.ZipFile(dir_path + '.zip', 'w')
    with compress_dir:
        # write each file separately
        for file in file_paths:
            compress_dir.write(file)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    path = sys.argv[1]

    if os.path.isdir(path):
        files_path = retrieve_file_paths(path)
        # print the list of files to be zipped
        print('The following list of files will be zipped:')
        for file_name in files_path:
            print(file_name)
        zip_dir(path, files_path)
    elif os.path.isfile(path):
        print('The %s will be zipped:' % path)
        zip_file(path)
    else:
        print('a special file(socket,FIFO,device file), please input file or dir')

23. 查找 IMDB 评级

此脚本用于检索电影文件夹中与 IMDb 上的电影的评级和类型相匹配的电影的评级和类型；数据从 IMDB 官方网站抓取并保存在 CSV 文件中。

然后，CSV 文件可用于分析、按评级排序等。

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import pandas as pd
import os

# Setting up session
s = requests.session()  

# List contaiting all the films for which data has to be scraped from IMDB
films = []

# Lists contaiting web scraped data
names = []
ratings = []
genres = []

# Define path where your films are present 
# For eg: "/Users/utkarsh/Desktop/films"
path = input("Enter the path where your films are: ")

# Films with extensions
filmswe = os.listdir(path)

for film in filmswe:
    # Append into my films list (without extensions)
    films.append(os.path.splitext(film)[0])
    # print(os.path.splitext(film)[0])

for line in films:
    # x = line.split(", ")
    title = line.lower()
    # release = x[1]
    query = "+".join(title.split()) 
    URL = "https://www.imdb.com/search/title/?title=" + query
    print(URL)
    # print(release)
    try: 
        response = s.get(URL)

        #getting contect from IMDB Website
        content = response.content

        # print(response.status_code)

        soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, features="html.parser") 
        #searching all films containers found
        containers = soup.find_all("div", class_="lister-item-content")
        for result in containers:
            name1 = result.h3.a.text
            name = result.h3.a.text.lower()

            # Uncomment below lines if you want year specific as well, define year variable before this 
            # year = result.h3.find(
            # "span", class_="lister-item-year text-muted unbold"
            # ).text.lower() 

            #if film found (searching using name)
            if title in name:
                #scraping rating
                rating = result.find("div",class_="inline-block ratings-imdb-rating")["data-value"]
                #scraping genre
                genre = result.p.find("span", class_="genre")
                genre = genre.contents[0]
                #appending name, rating and genre to individual lists
                names.append(name1)
                ratings.append(rating)
                genres.append(genre)

    except Exception:
        print("Try again with valid combination of tile and release year")

#storing in pandas dataframe
df = pd.DataFrame({'Film Name':names,'Rating':ratings,'Genre':genres}) 

#making csv using pandas
df.to_csv('film_ratings.csv', index=False, encoding='utf-8')

如何运行脚本？

• 安装要求。
• 在 find_IMDb_ rating.py 中，更新目录路径。
• 键入以下命令：python find_IMDb_ rating.py
• 将在与 python 文件相同的目录中创建带有评级的 CSV 文件。

24. 网页抓取 Youtube 评论

该脚本将获取 YouTube 视频的 URL，并为用户和评论提供 CSV 文件。

from selenium import webdriver
import csv
import time

items=[]
driver=webdriver.Chrome(r"C:/Users/hp/Anaconda3/chromedriver.exe")

driver.get('https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFPMz36std4')

driver.execute_script('window.scrollTo(1, 500);')

#now wait let load the comments
time.sleep(5)

driver.execute_script('window.scrollTo(1, 3000);')

username_elems = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//*[@id="author-text"]')
comment_elems = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//*[@id="content-text"]')
for username, comment in zip(username_elems, comment_elems):
    item = {}
    item['Author'] = username.text
    item['Comment'] = comment.text
    items.append(item)
filename = 'C:/Users/hp/Desktop/commentlist.csv'
with open(filename, 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f: 
    w = csv.DictWriter(f,['Author','Comment']) 
    w.writeheader() 
    for item in items: 
        w.writerow(item) 

25. 文字转语音

执行时，abc.txt 中的文本将转换为 mp3、保存，然后在您的设备上播放。

先决条件

• abc.txt 包含您的文本
• gTTS==2.1.1模块（pip install gTTS下载）
• 操作系统模块（pip install os）

from gtts import gTTS 
import os
file = open("abc.txt", "r").read()

speech = gTTS(text=file, lang='en', slow=False)
speech.save("voice.mp3")
os.system("voice.mp3")

26. 转换图像格式

该脚本将递归地将当前目录树中的所有 JPG 图像转换为 PNG，并将 PNG 图像转换为 JPG（即也会更改子目录中图像的格式。）

from PIL import Image
import sys
import os

try:
  im = None
  for root, dirs, files in os.walk("."):
    for filename in files:
        if filename.endswith('.jpg'):
          im = Image.open(filename).convert("RGB")
          im.save(filename.replace('jpg', 'png'), "png")
        elif filename.endswith('.png'):
          im = Image.open(filename).convert("RGB")
          im.save(filename.replace('png', 'jpg'), "jpeg")
        else:
          print('dont have image to convert')
except IOError:
  print('directory empty!')
  sys.exit()

27.随机维基百科文章

用于将维基百科中的任何随机文章保存到文本文件的应用程序。

安装

pip install htmlparser  
pip install beautifulsoup4

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests

# Trying to open a random wikipedia article
# Special:Random opens random articles
res = requests.get("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random")
res.raise_for_status()

# pip install htmlparser
wiki = BeautifulSoup(res.text, "html.parser")

r = open("random_wiki.txt", "w+", encoding='utf-8')

# Adding the heading to the text file
heading = wiki.find("h1").text

r.write(heading + "\n")
for i in wiki.select("p"):
    # Optional Printing of text
    # print(i.getText())
    r.write(i.getText())

r.close()
print("File Saved as random_wiki.txt")

28. 检查网站连接

该脚本包含一个用于检查网站连接的基本实用程序。

输入文件websites.txt 中应每行列出一个网站URL。

输出文件 website status.csv 中包含两列报告，其中包含每个测试站点的 URL 及其状态。

该脚本仅检查来自网络服务器的 200 状态代码。

每次运行该实用程序时，结果文件都会被覆盖。

import csv
import requests

status_dict = {"Website": "Status"}
def main():
    with open("websites.txt", "r") as fr:
        for line in fr:
            website = line.strip()
            status = requests.get(website).status_code
            status_dict[website] = "working" if status == 200 \
                else "not working"

    # print(status_dict)
    with open("website_status.csv", "w", newline="") as fw:
        csv_writers = csv.writer(fw)
        for key in status_dict.keys():
            csv_writers.writerow([key, status_dict[key]])

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

29. # 当前天气

该脚本将帮助您查找任何输入地点的当前天气。该脚本使用 openweathermap.org 来查找当前天气。

要求

要运行此脚本，您需要有 api 密钥，要获取 API 密钥，您首先?在此处注册

获取api key后在代码中添加：

# Python program to find current weather details of any city using openweathermap api 
import requests 

# Enter your API key here 
api_key = "Your_API_Key"

# base_url variable to store url 
base_url = "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?"

# Give city name 
city_name = input("Enter city name : ") 

complete_url = base_url + "appid=" + api_key + "&q=" + city_name 
response = requests.get(complete_url) 
x = response.json() 

if x["cod"] != "404": 

    y = x["main"] 
    current_temperature = y["temp"] 
    current_pressure = y["pressure"] 
    current_humidiy = y["humidity"]
    z = x["weather"] 
    weather_description = z[0]["description"] 
    print(" Temperature (in kelvin unit) = " +
                    str(current_temperature) + 
          "\n atmospheric pressure (in hPa unit) = " +
                    str(current_pressure) +
          "\n humidity (in percentage) = " +
                    str(current_humidiy) +
          "\n description = " +
                    str(weather_description)) 

else: 
    print(" City Not Found ")

30.GUI计算器应用程序

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from tkinter import Tk, END, Entry, N, E, S, W, Button
from tkinter import font
from tkinter import Label
from functools import partial


def get_input(entry, argu):
    entry.insert(END, argu)


def backspace(entry):
    input_len = len(entry.get())
    entry.delete(input_len - 1)


def clear(entry):
    entry.delete(0, END)


def calc(entry):
    input_info = entry.get()
    try:
        output = str(eval(input_info.strip()))
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        popupmsg()
        output = ""
    clear(entry)
    entry.insert(END, output)


def popupmsg():
    popup = Tk()
    popup.resizable(0, 0)
    popup.geometry("120x100")
    popup.title("Alert")
    label = Label(popup, text="Cannot divide by 0 ! \n Enter valid values")
    label.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=10)
    B1 = Button(popup, text="Okay", bg="#DDDDDD", command=popup.destroy)
    B1.pack()


def cal():
    root = Tk()
    root.title("Calc")
    root.resizable(0, 0)

    entry_font = font.Font(size=15)
    entry = Entry(root, justify="right", font=entry_font)
    entry.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4,
               sticky=N + W + S + E, padx=5, pady=5)

    cal_button_bg = '#FF6600'
    num_button_bg = '#4B4B4B'
    other_button_bg = '#DDDDDD'
    text_fg = '#FFFFFF'
    button_active_bg = '#C0C0C0'

    num_button = partial(Button, root, fg=text_fg, bg=num_button_bg,
                         padx=10, pady=3, activebackground=button_active_bg)
    cal_button = partial(Button, root, fg=text_fg, bg=cal_button_bg,
                         padx=10, pady=3, activebackground=button_active_bg)

    button7 = num_button(text='7', bg=num_button_bg,
                         command=lambda: get_input(entry, '7'))
    button7.grid(row=2, column=0, pady=5)

    button8 = num_button(text='8', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '8'))
    button8.grid(row=2, column=1, pady=5)

    button9 = num_button(text='9', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '9'))
    button9.grid(row=2, column=2, pady=5)

    button10 = cal_button(text='+', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '+'))
    button10.grid(row=4, column=3, pady=5)

    button4 = num_button(text='4', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '4'))
    button4.grid(row=3, column=0, pady=5)

    button5 = num_button(text='5', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '5'))
    button5.grid(row=3, column=1, pady=5)

    button6 = num_button(text='6', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '6'))
    button6.grid(row=3, column=2, pady=5)

    button11 = cal_button(text='-', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '-'))
    button11.grid(row=3, column=3, pady=5)

    button1 = num_button(text='1', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '1'))
    button1.grid(row=4, column=0, pady=5)

    button2 = num_button(text='2', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '2'))
    button2.grid(row=4, column=1, pady=5)

    button3 = num_button(text='3', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '3'))
    button3.grid(row=4, column=2, pady=5)

    button12 = cal_button(text='*', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '*'))
    button12.grid(row=2, column=3, pady=5)

    button0 = num_button(text='0', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '0'))
    #button0.grid(row=5, column=0, columnspan=2, padx=3, pady=5, sticky=N + S + E + W)
    button0.grid(row=5, column=0,  pady=5)

    button13 = num_button(text='.', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '.'))
    button13.grid(row=5, column=1, pady=5)

    button14 = Button(root, text='/', fg=text_fg, bg=cal_button_bg, padx=10, pady=3,
                      command=lambda: get_input(entry, '/'))
    button14.grid(row=1, column=3, pady=5)

    button15 = Button(root, text='<-', bg=other_button_bg, padx=10, pady=3,
                      command=lambda: backspace(entry), activebackground=button_active_bg)
    button15.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=2,
                  padx=3, pady=5, sticky=N + S + E + W)

    button16 = Button(root, text='C', bg=other_button_bg, padx=10, pady=3,
                      command=lambda: clear(entry), activebackground=button_active_bg)
    button16.grid(row=1, column=2, pady=5)

    button17 = Button(root, text='=', fg=text_fg, bg=cal_button_bg, padx=10, pady=3,
                      command=lambda: calc(entry), activebackground=button_active_bg)
    button17.grid(row=5, column=3, pady=5)

    button18 = Button(root, text='^', fg=text_fg, bg=cal_button_bg, padx=10, pady=3,
                      command=lambda: get_input(entry, '**'))
    button18.grid(row=5, column=2, pady=5)
    def quit():
        exit['command'] = root.quit()
    exit = Button(root, text='Quit', fg='white', bg='black', command=quit, height=1, width=7)
    exit.grid(row=6, column=1)

    root.mainloop()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    cal()