Prometheus配置Alertmanager（钉钉告警）

发布时间：2024年01月04日

简介

Alertmanager 主要用于接收 Prometheus 发送的告警信息，它支持丰富的告警通知渠道，例如邮件、微信、钉钉、Slack 等常用沟通工具，而且很容易做到告警信息进行去重，降噪，分组等，是一款很好用的告警通知系统。
下图是Alertmanager与Prometheus的基本架构

一，二进制部署 Alertmanager

**下载地址：**https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases

本文选择的安装版本为0.24.0

cd /prometheus
#解压
tar -xvzf alertmanager-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv alertmanager-0.24.0.linux-amd64 alertmanager
cd alertmanager

进行系统service编写

创建alertmanager.service配置文件

cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
vim alertmanager.service

alertmanager.service 文件填入如下内容后保存:wq

[Unit]
Description=https://prometheus.io

[Service]
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/prometheus/alertmanager/alertmanager --config.file=/prometheus/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml --storage.path=/prometheus/alertmanager/data/

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

查看配置文件

cat alertmanager.service

刷新服务配置并启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start alertmanager.service

查看服务运行状态

systemctl status alertmanager.service

设置开机自启动

systemctl enable alertmanager.service

访问系统

访问系统 http://服务器ip:9093，注意防火墙或安全组开放端口
若看到如上界面则说明alertmanager部署成功

二，配置钉钉机器人

打开钉钉的智能群助手，点击添加机器人
选择自定义机器人
复制webhook地址后点击保存

三，安装钉钉服务(不推荐Docker安装，新版本的安装文档已经很久没更新)

1,二进制安装

**下载地址：**https://github.com/timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/releases
本次安装版本为2.1.0

部署包下载完毕，开始安装

cd /prometheus
tar -xvzf prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-2.1.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-2.1.0.linux-amd64 webhook_dingtalk
cd webhook_dingtalk

编写配置文件（复制之后切记删除#的所有注释，否则启动服务时会报错），将上述获取的钉钉webhook地址填写到如下文件

vim dingtalk.yml

timeout: 5s

targets:
  webhook_robot:
  	# 钉钉机器人创建后的webhook地址
    url: https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=xxxxxxxxxxxx
  webhook_mention_all:
  	# 钉钉机器人创建后的webhook地址
    url: https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=xxxxxxxxxxxx
    # 提醒全员
    mention:
      all: true

进行系统service编写

创建webhook_dingtalk配置文件

cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
vim webhook_dingtalk.service

webhook_dingtalk.service 文件填入如下内容后保存:wq

[Unit]
Description=https://prometheus.io

[Service]
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/prometheus/webhook_dingtalk/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk --config.file=/prometheus/webhook_dingtalk/dingtalk.yml --web.listen-address=:8060

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

查看配置文件

cat webhook_dingtalk.service

刷新服务配置并启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start webhook_dingtalk.service

查看服务运行状态

systemctl status webhook_dingtalk.service

设置开机自启动

systemctl enable webhook_dingtalk.service

我们记下 urls=http://localhost:8060/dingtalk/webhook_robot/send 这一段值，接下来的配置会用上

配置Alertmanager

打开 /prometheus/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml，修改为如下内容

global:
  # 在没有报警的情况下声明为已解决的时间
  resolve_timeout: 5m

route:
  # 接收到告警后到自定义分组
  group_by: ["alertname"]
  # 分组创建后初始化等待时长
  group_wait: 10s
  # 告警信息发送之前的等待时长
  group_interval: 30s
  # 重复报警的间隔时长
  repeat_interval: 5m
  # 默认消息接收
  receiver: "dingtalk"

receivers:
  # 钉钉
  - name: 'dingtalk'
    webhook_configs:
    	# prometheus-webhook-dingtalk服务的地址
      - url: http://1xx.xx.xx.7:8060/dingtalk/webhook_robot/send
        send_resolved: true

在prometheus安装文件夹根目录增加alert_rules.yml配置文件，内容如下

groups:
  - name: alert_rules
    rules:
      - alert: CpuUsageAlertWarning
        expr: sum(avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode!='idle'}[5m])) without (cpu)) by (instance) > 0.60
        for: 2m
        labels:
          level: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} CPU usage high"
          description: "{{ $labels.instance }} CPU usage above 60% (current value: {{ $value }})"
      - alert: CpuUsageAlertSerious
        #expr: sum(avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode!='idle'}[5m])) without (cpu)) by (instance) > 0.85
        expr: (100 - (avg by (instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job=~".*",mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100)) > 85
        for: 3m
        labels:
          level: serious
        annotations:
          summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} CPU usage high"
          description: "{{ $labels.instance }} CPU usage above 85% (current value: {{ $value }})"
      - alert: MemUsageAlertWarning
        expr: avg by(instance) ((1 - (node_memory_MemFree_bytes + node_memory_Buffers_bytes + node_memory_Cached_bytes) / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes) * 100) > 70
        for: 2m
        labels:
          level: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} MEM usage high"
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}: MEM usage is above 70% (current value is: {{ $value }})"
      - alert: MemUsageAlertSerious
        expr: (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes)/node_memory_MemTotal_bytes > 0.90
        for: 3m
        labels:
          level: serious
        annotations:
          summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} MEM usage high"
          description: "{{ $labels.instance }} MEM usage above 90% (current value: {{ $value }})"
      - alert: DiskUsageAlertWarning
        expr: (1 - node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype!="rootfs",mountpoint!="",mountpoint!~"/(run|var|sys|dev).*"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes) * 100 > 80
        for: 2m
        labels:
          level: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} Disk usage high"
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Disk usage is above 80% (current value is: {{ $value }})"
      - alert: DiskUsageAlertSerious
        expr: (1 - node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype!="rootfs",mountpoint!="",mountpoint!~"/(run|var|sys|dev).*"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes) * 100 > 90
        for: 3m
        labels:
          level: serious
        annotations:
          summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} Disk usage high"
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Disk usage is above 90% (current value is: {{ $value }})"
      - alert: NodeFileDescriptorUsage
        expr: avg by (instance) (node_filefd_allocated{} / node_filefd_maximum{}) * 100 > 60
        for: 2m
        labels:
          level: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} File Descriptor usage high"
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}: File Descriptor usage is above 60% (current value is: {{ $value }})"
      - alert: NodeLoad15
        expr: avg by (instance) (node_load15{}) > 80
        for: 2m
        labels:
          level: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} Load15 usage high"
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Load15 is above 80 (current value is: {{ $value }})"
      - alert: NodeAgentStatus
        expr: avg by (instance) (up{}) == 0
        for: 2m
        labels:
          level: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: has been down"
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Node_Exporter Agent is down (current value is: {{ $value }})"
      - alert: NodeProcsBlocked
        expr: avg by (instance) (node_procs_blocked{}) > 10
        for: 2m
        labels:
          level: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }}  Process Blocked usage high"
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Node Blocked Procs detected! above 10 (current value is: {{ $value }})"
      - alert: NetworkTransmitRate
        #expr:  avg by (instance) (floor(irate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{device="ens192"}[2m]) / 1024 / 1024)) > 50
        expr:  avg by (instance) (floor(irate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{}[2m]) / 1024 / 1024 * 8 )) > 40
        for: 1m
        labels:
          level: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} Network Transmit Rate usage high"
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Node Transmit Rate (Upload) is above 40Mbps/s (current value is: {{ $value }}Mbps/s)"
      - alert: NetworkReceiveRate
        #expr:  avg by (instance) (floor(irate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{device="ens192"}[2m]) / 1024 / 1024)) > 50
        expr:  avg by (instance) (floor(irate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{}[2m]) / 1024 / 1024 * 8 )) > 40
        for: 1m
        labels:
          level: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} Network Receive Rate usage high"
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Node Receive Rate (Download) is above 40Mbps/s (current value is: {{ $value }}Mbps/s)"
      - alert: DiskReadRate
        expr: avg by (instance) (floor(irate(node_disk_read_bytes_total{}[2m]) / 1024 )) > 200
        for: 2m
        labels:
          level: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} Disk Read Rate usage high"
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Node Disk Read Rate is above 200KB/s (current value is: {{ $value }}KB/s)"
      - alert: DiskWriteRate
        expr: avg by (instance) (floor(irate(node_disk_written_bytes_total{}[2m]) / 1024 / 1024 )) > 20
        for: 2m
        labels:
          level: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} Disk Write Rate usage high"
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Node Disk Write Rate is above 20MB/s (current value is: {{ $value }}MB/s)"

修改prometheys.yml,最上方三个节点改为如下配置

global:
  scrape_interval:     15s 
  evaluation_interval: 15s 

alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    # alertmanager服务地址
    - targets: ['11x.xx.x.7:9093']

rule_files:
  - "alert_rules.yml"

执行curl -XPOST localhost:9090/-/reload刷新prometheus配置
执行systemctl restart alertmanger.service或docker restart alertmanager刷新alertmanger服务

验证配置

打开prometheus服务，可以看到alerts栏出现了很多规则
此时我们手动关闭一个节点
```
docker stop  mysqld
```
刷新prometheus，可以看到有一个节点颜色改变，进入了pending状态
稍等片刻，alertmanager.yml 配置为等待5m，颜色变为红色，进入了firing状态
查看alertmanager服务，也出现了相关告警节点
此时如果配置无误，会收到钉钉机器人的一条信息
这时我们重启mysqld-exporter服务
```
docker start mysqld
```
过了配置的等待时长，若服务没有在期间断开，钉钉机器人会发送一条恢复状态的信息

后记

Prometheus详细安装教程（主体）

文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43479188/article/details/135389187
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