目录
例:
use ybc;
create table location (Region char(20),Store_Name char(20));
insert into location values('East','Boston');
insert into location values('East','New York');
insert into location values('West','Los Angeles');
insert into location values('West','Houston');
create table store_info (Store_Name char(20),Sales int(10),Date char(10));
insert into store_info values('Los Angeles','1500','2020-12-05');
insert into store_info values('Houston','250','2020-12-07');
insert into store_info values('Los Angeles','300','2020-12-08');
insert into store_info values('Boston','700','2020-12-08');
语法:
select "字段" from "表名";
语法:
select distinct "字段" from "表名";
语法:
select "字段" from "表名" where "条件";
语法:
select "字段" from "表名" where "条件1" {[and|or] "条件2"}+ ;
语法:
select "字段" from "表名" where "字段" in ('值1', '值2', ...);
语法:
select "字段" from "表名" where "字段" between '值1' and '值2';
语法:
select "字段" from "表名" [where "条件"] order by "字段" [ASC, DESC];
ASC 是按照升序进行排序的,是默认的排序方式。
DESC 是按降序方式进行排序。
语法:
select "字段" from "表名" where "字段" like {模式};
通配符 | 含义 |
---|---|
% | 表示零个、一个或多个字符 |
_ | 表示单个字符 |
'A_Z' | 所有以 'A' 起头,另一个任何值的字符,且以 'Z' 为结尾的字符串 |
'ABC%' | 所有以 'ABC' 起头的字符串 |
'%XYZ' | 所有以 'XYZ' 结尾的字符串 |
'%AN%' | 所有含有 'AN'这个模式的字符串 |
'_AN%' | 所有第二个字母为 'A' 和第三个字母为 'N' 的字符串 |
函数 | 含义 |
---|---|
abs(x) | 返回 x 的绝对值 |
rand() | 返回 0 到 1 的随机数 |
mod(x,y) | 返回 x 除以 y 以后的余数 |
power(x,y) | 返回 x 的 y 次方 |
round(x) | 返回离 x 最近的整数 |
round(x,y) | 保留 x 的 y 位小数四舍五入后的值 |
sqrt(x) | 返回 x 的平方根 |
truncate(x,y) | 返回数字 x 截断为 y 位小数的值 |
ceil(x) | 返回大于或等于 x 的最小整数 |
floor(x) | 返回小于或等于 x 的最大整数 |
greatest(x1,x2...) | 返回集合中最大的值,也可以返回多个字段的最大的值 |
least(x1,x2...) | 返回集合中最小的值,也可以返回多个字段的最小的值 |
函数 | 含义 |
---|---|
avg() | 返回指定列的平均值 |
count() | 返回指定列中非 NULL 值的个数 |
min() | 返回指定列的最小值 |
max() | 返回指定列的最大值 |
sum(x) | 返回指定列的所有值之和 |
函数 | 含义 |
---|---|
trim() | 返回去除指定格式的值 |
concat(x,y) | 将提供的参数 x 和 y 拼接成一个字符串 |
substr(x,y) | 获取从字符串 x 中的第 y 个位置开始的字符串 |
substr(x,y,z) | 获取从字符串 x 中的第 y 个位置开始长度为 z 的字符串 |
length(x) | 返回字符串 x 的长度 |
replace(x,y,z) | 将字符串 z 替代字符串 x 中的字符串 y |
upper(x) | 将字符串 x 的所有字母变成大写字母 |
lower(x) | 将字符串 x 的所有字母变成小写字母 |
left(x,y) | 返回字符串 x 的前 y 个字符 |
right(x,y) | 返回字符串 x 的后 y 个字符 |
repeat(x,y) | 将字符串 x 重复 y 次 |
space(x) | 返回 x 个空格 |
strcmp(x,y) | 比较 x 和 y,返回的值可以为-1,0,1 |
reverse(x) | 将字符串 x 反转 |
select concat(Region, Store_Name) from location where store_name = 'Boston';
将两个参数值,拼接成一个字符串
或
如sql_mode开启了PIPES_AS_CONCAT,"||"视为字符串的连接操作符而非或运算符,和字符串的拼接函数Concat相类似,这和Oracle数据库使用方法一样的
select region || ' ' || Store_Name FROM location WHERE Store_Name = 'Boston';
select substr(Store_Name,3) FROM location WHERE Store_Name = 'Los Angeles';
获取字符串中第三个位置开始的字符串
select substr(Store_Name,2,4) FROM location WHERE Store_Name = 'New York';
获取字符串中第二个位置开始长度为4的字符串
select trim ([ [位置] [要移除的字符串] from ] 字符串);
[位置]:的值可以为 leading (起头), trailing (结尾), both (起头及结尾)。
[要移除的字符串]:从字串的起头、结尾,或起头及结尾移除的字符串。缺省时为空格。
select region,length(store_name) from location;
返回字符串的长度
select replace(region, 'ast', 'astern') from location;
将字段region中的ast替换成astern
语法:
select "字段1", sum("字段2") from "表名" group by "字段1";
语法:
select "字段1", sum("字段2") from "表格名" group by "字段1" having (函数条件);
语法:
select "表格別名"."字段1" [as] "字段別名" from "表格名" [as] "表格別名";
语法:
select "字段1" from "表格1" where "字段2" [比较运算符]
#可以是符号的运算符,例如 =、>、<、>=、<= ;也可以是文字的运算符,例如 LIKE、IN、BETWEEN
SELECT SUM(Sales) FROM Store_Info WHERE Store_Name IN
(SELECT Store_Name FROM location WHERE Region = 'West');
SELECT SUM(A.Sales) FROM Store_Info A WHERE A.Store_Name IN
(SELECT Store_Name FROM location B WHERE B.Store_Name = A.Store_Name);
语法:
select "字段1" from "表格1" where exists (select * from "表格2" where "条件");
语法:
select A.字段 from 左表 as A left join 右表 as B on A.字段 = B.字段 where B.字段 is not null;
语法:
select B.字段 from 左表 as A right join 右表 as B on A.字段 = B.字段 where A.字段 is not null;
语法:
SELECT * FROM location A INNER JOIN Store_Info B on A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name ;
SELECT * FROM location A, Store_Info B WHERE A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name;
汇总统计
select A.region region, sum(B.sales) sales from location A, store_info B
where A.store_name = B.store_name group by region;
语法:
[select 语句 1] union [select 语句 2];
语法:
[select 语句 1] union all [select 语句 2];
#求交集
#内连接
select A.字段 from 左表 as A inner join 右表 as B on A.字段 = B.字段;
select A.字段 from 左表 as A inner join 右表 as B using(同名字段);
select A.store_name from location A inner join store_info B on A.store_name = B.store_name;
或
select A.store_name from location A inner join store_info B using(store_name);
select distinct A.store_name from location A inner join store_info B using(store_name);
select distinct store_name from location where (store_name) in (select store_name from store_info);
select distinct A.store_name from location A left join store_info B using(store_name) where B.store_name is not null;
select A.store_name from(select B.store_name from location B inner join store_info C on B.store_name = C.store_name) A group by A.store_name;
select A.store_name from (select distinct store_name from location union all select distinct store_name from store_info) A group by A.store_name;
求左表无交集
select A.字段 from 左表 as A left join 右表 as B on A.字段 = B.字段 where B.字段 is null;
select A.字段 from 左表 A where A.字段 not in (select B.字段 from 右表 B);
求右表无交集
select B.字段 from 左表 as A right join 右表 as B on A.字段 = B.字段 where A.字段 is null;
select B.字段 from 右表 B where B.字段 in (select A.字段 from 左表 A);
求两个表无交集
select A.字段 from 左表 as A left join 右表 as B on A.字段 = B.字段 where B.字段 is null union select B.字段 from 左表 as A right join 右表 as B on A.字段 = B.字段 where A.字段 is null;
select A.字段 from (select distinct 字段 from 左表 union all select distinct 字段 from 右表) A group by A.字段 having count(A.字段) = 1;
select distinct store_name from location where(store_name) not in (select store_name from store_info);
select distinct A.store_name from location A left join store_info B using(store_name) where B.store_name is null;
select A.store_name from (select distinct store_name from location union all select distinct store_name from store_info) A group by A.store_name having count(*) = 1;
创建视图
create view 视图表名 as select distinct 字段 from 左表 union all select distinct 字段 from 右表;
查看视图
select 字段 from 视图表名 group by 字段 having count(字段) = 1;