Python tkinter控件全集之组合选择框 ttk.ComboBox

Tkinter标准库

Tkinter是Python的标准GUI库，也是最常用的Python GUI库之一，提供了丰富的组件和功能，包括窗口、按钮、标签、文本框、列表框、滚动条、画布、菜单等，方便开发者进行图形界面的开发。Tkinter库基于Tk for Unix/Windows/macOS，由Tcl语言编写。使用Tkinter，可以快速创建桌面应用程序，并支持多平台Windows、macOS、Linux等。

tkinter控件全集

在python中导入tkinter库后，有18种控件(也称组件)：

导入方式：import tkinter as tk

Button、Canvas、Checkbutton、Entry、Frame、Label、LabelFrame、Listbox、Menu、Menubutton、Message、OptionMenu、PanedWindow、Radiobutton、Scale、Scrollbar、Spinbox、Text

最学见的按钮、文本框、标签、列表框等都在里边，唯独没看到组合框ComboBox。查过资料后才知道，tkinter库中还有一子模块tkinter.ttk，它包含有包括Combobox在内的20种控件：

导入方式：from?tkinter import?ttk

Button、Checkbutton、Combobox、Entry、Frame、Label、LabelFrame、LabeledScale、Labelframe、Menubutton、Notebook、OptionMenu、PanedWindow、Progressbar、Radiobutton、Scale、Scrollbar、Separator、Sizegrip、Spinbox、Treeview

请注意，某些控件在两个模块中都存在（如Button,?Checkbutton,?Entry等），但它们在外观和行为上可能会有所不同，ttk模块中的控件可以提供更加现代和可定制的外观。本篇将以Combobox为主角：

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ComboBox 组合选择框

ComboBox 将几个文本字段组合成为一个可弹出的选择列表。它的原版帮助有3万多字呢，以下挑一些主要的操作方法简单介绍一下：

创建并设置选择项

? ? values = ["Option 1", "Option 2", "Option 3", "Option 4"]
? ? combobox = ttk.Combobox(root, values=values)
? ? combobox.pack()

绑定事件ComboboxSelected

? ? combobox.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", on_select)

获取当前选择项combobox.get()

combobox.get()

以上插图的代码如下：

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

def on_select(event):
    label.config(text = "当前选择为：" + combobox.get())

if __name__=='__main__':
    # 创建主窗口
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.title("Combobox Example")
    root.geometry("400x300")

    label = tk.Label(root, text="请点击下拉框选择：")
    label.pack()

    # 创建多选下拉框
    values = ["Option 1", "Option 2", "Option 3", "Option 4"]
    combobox = ttk.Combobox(root, values=values)
    combobox.pack()
    combobox.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", on_select)

    # 运行主循环
    root.mainloop()

设置默认选择项combobox.set()

combobox.set()

自定义类?SelectCombobox

把以上内容综合起来，自定义一个组合框类：?

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

class SelectCombobox(ttk.Combobox):
    def __init__(self, master=None, values=None):
        super().__init__(master, values=values)
        self.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", self.on_select)

    def on_select(self, event):
        label.config(text = "当前选择为：" + self.get())

if __name__=='__main__':
    # 创建主窗口
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.title("Combobox Example")
    root.geometry("400x300")

    label = tk.Label(root, text="请点击下拉框选择：")
    label.pack()

    # 创建多选下拉框
    values = ["Option 1", "Option 2", "Option 3", "Option 4"]
    combobox = SelectCombobox(root, values=values)
    combobox.pack()

    # 运行主循环
    root.mainloop()

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扩展Combobox组合框

拓展为多项选择

Combobox本身不支持多项选择，变通方法：引入一个列表，用于存放已选项，奇数次选择一个项则存入列表、反之偶数次选择则移除。

代码如下：

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

class MultiSelectCombobox(ttk.Combobox):
    def __init__(self, master=None, values=None, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(master, values=values, **kwargs)
        self.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", self.on_select)
        self.selected_values = []

    def on_select(self, event):
        selected_value = self.get() # 使用 get 方法获取选中项的值
        if selected_value in self.selected_values:
            self.selected_values.remove(selected_value) # 如果已选中，则移除该选项
        else:
            self.selected_values.append(selected_value) # 如果未选中，则添加到已选项列表
            self.selected_values.sort()
        if self.selected_values:
            text = '、'.join(self.selected_values)
        else:
            text = '空'
        label2.config(text = "当前选择为：" + text)

if __name__=='__main__':
    # 创建主窗口
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.title("Multi-Select Combobox Example")
    root.geometry("400x300")

    label = tk.Label(root, text="请选择：")
    label.pack()

    # 创建多选下拉框
    values = ["Option 1", "Option 2", "Option 3", "Option 4"]
    combobox = MultiSelectCombobox(root, values=values)
    combobox.pack()

    text = "当前选择为：空"
    label2 = tk.Label(root, text=text)
    label2.pack()

    # 运行主循环
    root.mainloop()

选项前添加符号

Combobox本身不支持修改选择项，变通方法：在每次变更选项时都重建一个新的组合框，同时把所有的选项前都加上一个全角空格(\u3000)，对于已选中的选项，则把前面的全角空格替换成对勾符号(\u2713)。

这样子可能更像一个多项选择框，如下图：

代码如下：

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

def on_select(event):
    selected_value = combobox.get()
    selected_value = selected_value.replace("\u2713","\u3000")
    if selected_value in selected_values:
        selected_values.remove(selected_value)
    else:
        selected_values.append(selected_value)
        selected_values.sort()
    if selected_values:
        text = '、'.join(selected_values).replace('tion ','')
    else:
        text = '空'
    label.config(text = "当前选择为：" + text)
    update_combobox_options()

def update_combobox_options():
    global combobox
    combobox.grid_forget()
    new_values = []
    for v in values:
        if v in selected_values:
            new_values.append(v.replace("\u3000","\u2713"))
        else:
            new_values.append(v)
    combobox = ttk.Combobox(root, values=new_values, state='readonly')
    combobox.place(x=100, y=30)
    combobox.set('请点击选择：')
    combobox.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", on_select)

if __name__=='__main__':
    # 创建主窗口
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.title("Multi-Select Combobox Example")
    root.geometry("400x300")

    # 创建多选下拉框
    values = ["Option 1", "Option 2", "Option 3", "Option 4"]
    values = ["\u3000"+v for v in values]
    selected_values = []
    combobox = ttk.Combobox(root, values=values, state='readonly')
    combobox.place(x=100, y=30)
    combobox.set('请点击选择：')
    combobox.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", on_select)

    text = "当前选择为：空"
    label = tk.Label(root, text=text)
    label.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM)

    # 运行主循环
    root.mainloop()

题外话

以上这些是我自己瞎写的变通代码，可能有更好的办法来实现这些功能，也有可能ttk模块本身就有这些功能，只是我没发现而已。另外：如果选择项不至是四个而是有很多，最好能在最前面设置两个选项，全部选择和取消全选，它们不参与进入已选项列表，点击它们只为在其它选项上标注对勾同时填满或清空已选项列表。感兴趣的朋友，可以自己动手实现这两个功能。

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附件一

Combobox 英文帮助

Help on class Combobox in module tkinter.ttk:

class Combobox(Entry)
?| ?Combobox(master=None, **kw)
?| ?
?| ?Ttk Combobox widget combines a text field with a pop-down list of values.
?| ?
?| ?Method resolution order:
?| ? ? ?Combobox
?| ? ? ?Entry
?| ? ? ?Widget
?| ? ? ?tkinter.Entry
?| ? ? ?tkinter.Widget
?| ? ? ?tkinter.BaseWidget
?| ? ? ?tkinter.Misc
?| ? ? ?tkinter.Pack
?| ? ? ?tkinter.Place
?| ? ? ?tkinter.Grid
?| ? ? ?tkinter.XView
?| ? ? ?builtins.object
?| ?
?| ?Methods defined here:
?| ?
?| ?__init__(self, master=None, **kw)
?| ? ? ?Construct a Ttk Combobox widget with the parent master.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?STANDARD OPTIONS
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ? ? ?class, cursor, style, takefocus
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ? ? ?exportselection, justify, height, postcommand, state,
?| ? ? ? ? ?textvariable, values, width
?| ?
?| ?current(self, newindex=None)
?| ? ? ?If newindex is supplied, sets the combobox value to the
?| ? ? ?element at position newindex in the list of values. Otherwise,
?| ? ? ?returns the index of the current value in the list of values
?| ? ? ?or -1 if the current value does not appear in the list.
?| ?
?| ?set(self, value)
?| ? ? ?Sets the value of the combobox to value.
?| ?
?| ?----------------------------------------------------------------------
?| ?Methods inherited from Entry:
?| ?
?| ?bbox(self, index)
?| ? ? ?Return a tuple of (x, y, width, height) which describes the
?| ? ? ?bounding box of the character given by index.
?| ?
?| ?identify(self, x, y)
?| ? ? ?Returns the name of the element at position x, y, or the
?| ? ? ?empty string if the coordinates are outside the window.
?| ?
?| ?validate(self)
?| ? ? ?Force revalidation, independent of the conditions specified
?| ? ? ?by the validate option. Returns False if validation fails, True
?| ? ? ?if it succeeds. Sets or clears the invalid state accordingly.
?| ?
?| ?----------------------------------------------------------------------
?| ?Methods inherited from Widget:
?| ?
?| ?instate(self, statespec, callback=None, *args, **kw)
?| ? ? ?Test the widget's state.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?If callback is not specified, returns True if the widget state
?| ? ? ?matches statespec and False otherwise. If callback is specified,
?| ? ? ?then it will be invoked with *args, **kw if the widget state
?| ? ? ?matches statespec. statespec is expected to be a sequence.
?| ?
?| ?state(self, statespec=None)
?| ? ? ?Modify or inquire widget state.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?Widget state is returned if statespec is None, otherwise it is
?| ? ? ?set according to the statespec flags and then a new state spec
?| ? ? ?is returned indicating which flags were changed. statespec is
?| ? ? ?expected to be a sequence.
?| ?
?| ?----------------------------------------------------------------------
?| ?Methods inherited from tkinter.Entry:
?| ?
?| ?delete(self, first, last=None)
?| ? ? ?Delete text from FIRST to LAST (not included).
?| ?
?| ?get(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the text.
?| ?
?| ?icursor(self, index)
?| ? ? ?Insert cursor at INDEX.
?| ?
?| ?index(self, index)
?| ? ? ?Return position of cursor.
?| ?
?| ?insert(self, index, string)
?| ? ? ?Insert STRING at INDEX.
?| ?
?| ?scan_dragto(self, x)
?| ? ? ?Adjust the view of the canvas to 10 times the
?| ? ? ?difference between X and Y and the coordinates given in
?| ? ? ?scan_mark.
?| ?
?| ?scan_mark(self, x)
?| ? ? ?Remember the current X, Y coordinates.
?| ?
?| ?select_adjust = selection_adjust(self, index)
?| ?
?| ?select_clear = selection_clear(self)
?| ?
?| ?select_from = selection_from(self, index)
?| ?
?| ?select_present = selection_present(self)
?| ?
?| ?select_range = selection_range(self, start, end)
?| ?
?| ?select_to = selection_to(self, index)
?| ?
?| ?selection_adjust(self, index)
?| ? ? ?Adjust the end of the selection near the cursor to INDEX.
?| ?
?| ?selection_clear(self)
?| ? ? ?Clear the selection if it is in this widget.
?| ?
?| ?selection_from(self, index)
?| ? ? ?Set the fixed end of a selection to INDEX.
?| ?
?| ?selection_present(self)
?| ? ? ?Return True if there are characters selected in the entry, False
?| ? ? ?otherwise.
?| ?
?| ?selection_range(self, start, end)
?| ? ? ?Set the selection from START to END (not included).
?| ?
?| ?selection_to(self, index)
?| ? ? ?Set the variable end of a selection to INDEX.
?| ?
?| ?----------------------------------------------------------------------
?| ?Methods inherited from tkinter.BaseWidget:
?| ?
?| ?destroy(self)
?| ? ? ?Destroy this and all descendants widgets.
?| ?
?| ?----------------------------------------------------------------------
?| ?Methods inherited from tkinter.Misc:
?| ?
?| ?__getitem__ = cget(self, key)
?| ?
?| ?__repr__(self)
?| ? ? ?Return repr(self).
?| ?
?| ?__setitem__(self, key, value)
?| ?
?| ?__str__(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the window path name of this widget.
?| ?
?| ?after(self, ms, func=None, *args)
?| ? ? ?Call function once after given time.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?MS specifies the time in milliseconds. FUNC gives the
?| ? ? ?function which shall be called. Additional parameters
?| ? ? ?are given as parameters to the function call. ?Return
?| ? ? ?identifier to cancel scheduling with after_cancel.
?| ?
?| ?after_cancel(self, id)
?| ? ? ?Cancel scheduling of function identified with ID.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?Identifier returned by after or after_idle must be
?| ? ? ?given as first parameter.
?| ?
?| ?after_idle(self, func, *args)
?| ? ? ?Call FUNC once if the Tcl main loop has no event to
?| ? ? ?process.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?Return an identifier to cancel the scheduling with
?| ? ? ?after_cancel.
?| ?
?| ?anchor = grid_anchor(self, anchor=None)
?| ?
?| ?bell(self, displayof=0)
?| ? ? ?Ring a display's bell.
?| ?
?| ?bind(self, sequence=None, func=None, add=None)
?| ? ? ?Bind to this widget at event SEQUENCE a call to function FUNC.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?SEQUENCE is a string of concatenated event
?| ? ? ?patterns. An event pattern is of the form
?| ? ? ?<MODIFIER-MODIFIER-TYPE-DETAIL> where MODIFIER is one
?| ? ? ?of Control, Mod2, M2, Shift, Mod3, M3, Lock, Mod4, M4,
?| ? ? ?Button1, B1, Mod5, M5 Button2, B2, Meta, M, Button3,
?| ? ? ?B3, Alt, Button4, B4, Double, Button5, B5 Triple,
?| ? ? ?Mod1, M1. TYPE is one of Activate, Enter, Map,
?| ? ? ?ButtonPress, Button, Expose, Motion, ButtonRelease
?| ? ? ?FocusIn, MouseWheel, Circulate, FocusOut, Property,
?| ? ? ?Colormap, Gravity Reparent, Configure, KeyPress, Key,
?| ? ? ?Unmap, Deactivate, KeyRelease Visibility, Destroy,
?| ? ? ?Leave and DETAIL is the button number for ButtonPress,
?| ? ? ?ButtonRelease and DETAIL is the Keysym for KeyPress and
?| ? ? ?KeyRelease. Examples are
?| ? ? ?<Control-Button-1> for pressing Control and mouse button 1 or
?| ? ? ?<Alt-A> for pressing A and the Alt key (KeyPress can be omitted).
?| ? ? ?An event pattern can also be a virtual event of the form
?| ? ? ?<<AString>> where AString can be arbitrary. This
?| ? ? ?event can be generated by event_generate.
?| ? ? ?If events are concatenated they must appear shortly
?| ? ? ?after each other.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?FUNC will be called if the event sequence occurs with an
?| ? ? ?instance of Event as argument. If the return value of FUNC is
?| ? ? ?"break" no further bound function is invoked.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?An additional boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will
?| ? ? ?be called additionally to the other bound function or whether
?| ? ? ?it will replace the previous function.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?Bind will return an identifier to allow deletion of the bound function with
?| ? ? ?unbind without memory leak.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?If FUNC or SEQUENCE is omitted the bound function or list
?| ? ? ?of bound events are returned.
?| ?
?| ?bind_all(self, sequence=None, func=None, add=None)
?| ? ? ?Bind to all widgets at an event SEQUENCE a call to function FUNC.
?| ? ? ?An additional boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will
?| ? ? ?be called additionally to the other bound function or whether
?| ? ? ?it will replace the previous function. See bind for the return value.
?| ?
?| ?bind_class(self, className, sequence=None, func=None, add=None)
?| ? ? ?Bind to widgets with bindtag CLASSNAME at event
?| ? ? ?SEQUENCE a call of function FUNC. An additional
?| ? ? ?boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will be
?| ? ? ?called additionally to the other bound function or
?| ? ? ?whether it will replace the previous function. See bind for
?| ? ? ?the return value.
?| ?
?| ?bindtags(self, tagList=None)
?| ? ? ?Set or get the list of bindtags for this widget.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?With no argument return the list of all bindtags associated with
?| ? ? ?this widget. With a list of strings as argument the bindtags are
?| ? ? ?set to this list. The bindtags determine in which order events are
?| ? ? ?processed (see bind).
?| ?
?| ?cget(self, key)
?| ? ? ?Return the resource value for a KEY given as string.
?| ?
?| ?clipboard_append(self, string, **kw)
?| ? ? ?Append STRING to the Tk clipboard.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?A widget specified at the optional displayof keyword
?| ? ? ?argument specifies the target display. The clipboard
?| ? ? ?can be retrieved with selection_get.
?| ?
?| ?clipboard_clear(self, **kw)
?| ? ? ?Clear the data in the Tk clipboard.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?A widget specified for the optional displayof keyword
?| ? ? ?argument specifies the target display.
?| ?
?| ?clipboard_get(self, **kw)
?| ? ? ?Retrieve data from the clipboard on window's display.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?The window keyword defaults to the root window of the Tkinter
?| ? ? ?application.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?The type keyword specifies the form in which the data is
?| ? ? ?to be returned and should be an atom name such as STRING
?| ? ? ?or FILE_NAME. ?Type defaults to STRING, except on X11, where the default
?| ? ? ?is to try UTF8_STRING and fall back to STRING.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?This command is equivalent to:
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?selection_get(CLIPBOARD)
?| ?
?| ?columnconfigure = grid_columnconfigure(self, index, cnf={}, **kw)
?| ?
?| ?config = configure(self, cnf=None, **kw)
?| ?
?| ?configure(self, cnf=None, **kw)
?| ? ? ?Configure resources of a widget.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?The values for resources are specified as keyword
?| ? ? ?arguments. To get an overview about
?| ? ? ?the allowed keyword arguments call the method keys.
?| ?
?| ?deletecommand(self, name)
?| ? ? ?Internal function.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?Delete the Tcl command provided in NAME.
?| ?
?| ?event_add(self, virtual, *sequences)
?| ? ? ?Bind a virtual event VIRTUAL (of the form <<Name>>)
?| ? ? ?to an event SEQUENCE such that the virtual event is triggered
?| ? ? ?whenever SEQUENCE occurs.
?| ?
?| ?event_delete(self, virtual, *sequences)
?| ? ? ?Unbind a virtual event VIRTUAL from SEQUENCE.
?| ?
?| ?event_generate(self, sequence, **kw)
?| ? ? ?Generate an event SEQUENCE. Additional
?| ? ? ?keyword arguments specify parameter of the event
?| ? ? ?(e.g. x, y, rootx, rooty).
?| ?
?| ?event_info(self, virtual=None)
?| ? ? ?Return a list of all virtual events or the information
?| ? ? ?about the SEQUENCE bound to the virtual event VIRTUAL.
?| ?
?| ?focus = focus_set(self)
?| ?
?| ?focus_displayof(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the widget which has currently the focus on the
?| ? ? ?display where this widget is located.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?Return None if the application does not have the focus.
?| ?
?| ?focus_force(self)
?| ? ? ?Direct input focus to this widget even if the
?| ? ? ?application does not have the focus. Use with
?| ? ? ?caution!
?| ?
?| ?focus_get(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the widget which has currently the focus in the
?| ? ? ?application.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?Use focus_displayof to allow working with several
?| ? ? ?displays. Return None if application does not have
?| ? ? ?the focus.
?| ?
?| ?focus_lastfor(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the widget which would have the focus if top level
?| ? ? ?for this widget gets the focus from the window manager.
?| ?
?| ?focus_set(self)
?| ? ? ?Direct input focus to this widget.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?If the application currently does not have the focus
?| ? ? ?this widget will get the focus if the application gets
?| ? ? ?the focus through the window manager.
?| ?
?| ?getboolean(self, s)
?| ? ? ?Return a boolean value for Tcl boolean values true and false given as parameter.
?| ?
?| ?getdouble(self, s)
?| ?
?| ?getint(self, s)
?| ?
?| ?getvar(self, name='PY_VAR')
?| ? ? ?Return value of Tcl variable NAME.
?| ?
?| ?grab_current(self)
?| ? ? ?Return widget which has currently the grab in this application
?| ? ? ?or None.
?| ?
?| ?grab_release(self)
?| ? ? ?Release grab for this widget if currently set.
?| ?
?| ?grab_set(self)
?| ? ? ?Set grab for this widget.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?A grab directs all events to this and descendant
?| ? ? ?widgets in the application.
?| ?
?| ?grab_set_global(self)
?| ? ? ?Set global grab for this widget.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?A global grab directs all events to this and
?| ? ? ?descendant widgets on the display. Use with caution -
?| ? ? ?other applications do not get events anymore.
?| ?
?| ?grab_status(self)
?| ? ? ?Return None, "local" or "global" if this widget has
?| ? ? ?no, a local or a global grab.
?| ?
?| ?grid_anchor(self, anchor=None)
?| ? ? ?The anchor value controls how to place the grid within the
?| ? ? ?master when no row/column has any weight.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?The default anchor is nw.
?| ?
?| ?grid_bbox(self, column=None, row=None, col2=None, row2=None)
?| ? ? ?Return a tuple of integer coordinates for the bounding
?| ? ? ?box of this widget controlled by the geometry manager grid.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?If COLUMN, ROW is given the bounding box applies from
?| ? ? ?the cell with row and column 0 to the specified
?| ? ? ?cell. If COL2 and ROW2 are given the bounding box
?| ? ? ?starts at that cell.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?The returned integers specify the offset of the upper left
?| ? ? ?corner in the master widget and the width and height.
?| ?
?| ?grid_columnconfigure(self, index, cnf={}, **kw)
?| ? ? ?Configure column INDEX of a grid.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?Valid resources are minsize (minimum size of the column),
?| ? ? ?weight (how much does additional space propagate to this column)
?| ? ? ?and pad (how much space to let additionally).
?| ?
?| ?grid_location(self, x, y)
?| ? ? ?Return a tuple of column and row which identify the cell
?| ? ? ?at which the pixel at position X and Y inside the master
?| ? ? ?widget is located.
?| ?
?| ?grid_propagate(self, flag=['_noarg_'])
?| ? ? ?Set or get the status for propagation of geometry information.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?A boolean argument specifies whether the geometry information
?| ? ? ?of the slaves will determine the size of this widget. If no argument
?| ? ? ?is given, the current setting will be returned.
?| ?
?| ?grid_rowconfigure(self, index, cnf={}, **kw)
?| ? ? ?Configure row INDEX of a grid.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?Valid resources are minsize (minimum size of the row),
?| ? ? ?weight (how much does additional space propagate to this row)
?| ? ? ?and pad (how much space to let additionally).
?| ?
?| ?grid_size(self)
?| ? ? ?Return a tuple of the number of column and rows in the grid.
?| ?
?| ?grid_slaves(self, row=None, column=None)
?| ? ? ?Return a list of all slaves of this widget
?| ? ? ?in its packing order.
?| ?
?| ?image_names(self)
?| ? ? ?Return a list of all existing image names.
?| ?
?| ?image_types(self)
?| ? ? ?Return a list of all available image types (e.g. photo bitmap).
?| ?
?| ?info_patchlevel(self)
?| ? ? ?Returns the exact version of the Tcl library.
?| ?
?| ?keys(self)
?| ? ? ?Return a list of all resource names of this widget.
?| ?
?| ?lift = tkraise(self, aboveThis=None)
?| ?
?| ?lower(self, belowThis=None)
?| ? ? ?Lower this widget in the stacking order.
?| ?
?| ?mainloop(self, n=0)
?| ? ? ?Call the mainloop of Tk.
?| ?
?| ?nametowidget(self, name)
?| ? ? ?Return the Tkinter instance of a widget identified by
?| ? ? ?its Tcl name NAME.
?| ?
?| ?option_add(self, pattern, value, priority=None)
?| ? ? ?Set a VALUE (second parameter) for an option
?| ? ? ?PATTERN (first parameter).
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?An optional third parameter gives the numeric priority
?| ? ? ?(defaults to 80).
?| ?
?| ?option_clear(self)
?| ? ? ?Clear the option database.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?It will be reloaded if option_add is called.
?| ?
?| ?option_get(self, name, className)
?| ? ? ?Return the value for an option NAME for this widget
?| ? ? ?with CLASSNAME.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?Values with higher priority override lower values.
?| ?
?| ?option_readfile(self, fileName, priority=None)
?| ? ? ?Read file FILENAME into the option database.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?An optional second parameter gives the numeric
?| ? ? ?priority.
?| ?
?| ?pack_propagate(self, flag=['_noarg_'])
?| ? ? ?Set or get the status for propagation of geometry information.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?A boolean argument specifies whether the geometry information
?| ? ? ?of the slaves will determine the size of this widget. If no argument
?| ? ? ?is given the current setting will be returned.
?| ?
?| ?pack_slaves(self)
?| ? ? ?Return a list of all slaves of this widget
?| ? ? ?in its packing order.
?| ?
?| ?place_slaves(self)
?| ? ? ?Return a list of all slaves of this widget
?| ? ? ?in its packing order.
?| ?
?| ?propagate = pack_propagate(self, flag=['_noarg_'])
?| ?
?| ?quit(self)
?| ? ? ?Quit the Tcl interpreter. All widgets will be destroyed.
?| ?
?| ?register = _register(self, func, subst=None, needcleanup=1)
?| ?
?| ?rowconfigure = grid_rowconfigure(self, index, cnf={}, **kw)
?| ?
?| ?selection_get(self, **kw)
?| ? ? ?Return the contents of the current X selection.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?A keyword parameter selection specifies the name of
?| ? ? ?the selection and defaults to PRIMARY. ?A keyword
?| ? ? ?parameter displayof specifies a widget on the display
?| ? ? ?to use. A keyword parameter type specifies the form of data to be
?| ? ? ?fetched, defaulting to STRING except on X11, where UTF8_STRING is tried
?| ? ? ?before STRING.
?| ?
?| ?selection_handle(self, command, **kw)
?| ? ? ?Specify a function COMMAND to call if the X
?| ? ? ?selection owned by this widget is queried by another
?| ? ? ?application.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?This function must return the contents of the
?| ? ? ?selection. The function will be called with the
?| ? ? ?arguments OFFSET and LENGTH which allows the chunking
?| ? ? ?of very long selections. The following keyword
?| ? ? ?parameters can be provided:
?| ? ? ?selection - name of the selection (default PRIMARY),
?| ? ? ?type - type of the selection (e.g. STRING, FILE_NAME).
?| ?
?| ?selection_own(self, **kw)
?| ? ? ?Become owner of X selection.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?A keyword parameter selection specifies the name of
?| ? ? ?the selection (default PRIMARY).
?| ?
?| ?selection_own_get(self, **kw)
?| ? ? ?Return owner of X selection.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?The following keyword parameter can
?| ? ? ?be provided:
?| ? ? ?selection - name of the selection (default PRIMARY),
?| ? ? ?type - type of the selection (e.g. STRING, FILE_NAME).
?| ?
?| ?send(self, interp, cmd, *args)
?| ? ? ?Send Tcl command CMD to different interpreter INTERP to be executed.
?| ?
?| ?setvar(self, name='PY_VAR', value='1')
?| ? ? ?Set Tcl variable NAME to VALUE.
?| ?
?| ?size = grid_size(self)
?| ?
?| ?slaves = pack_slaves(self)
?| ?
?| ?tk_bisque(self)
?| ? ? ?Change the color scheme to light brown as used in Tk 3.6 and before.
?| ?
?| ?tk_focusFollowsMouse(self)
?| ? ? ?The widget under mouse will get automatically focus. Can not
?| ? ? ?be disabled easily.
?| ?
?| ?tk_focusNext(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the next widget in the focus order which follows
?| ? ? ?widget which has currently the focus.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?The focus order first goes to the next child, then to
?| ? ? ?the children of the child recursively and then to the
?| ? ? ?next sibling which is higher in the stacking order. ?A
?| ? ? ?widget is omitted if it has the takefocus resource set
?| ? ? ?to 0.
?| ?
?| ?tk_focusPrev(self)
?| ? ? ?Return previous widget in the focus order. See tk_focusNext for details.
?| ?
?| ?tk_setPalette(self, *args, **kw)
?| ? ? ?Set a new color scheme for all widget elements.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?A single color as argument will cause that all colors of Tk
?| ? ? ?widget elements are derived from this.
?| ? ? ?Alternatively several keyword parameters and its associated
?| ? ? ?colors can be given. The following keywords are valid:
?| ? ? ?activeBackground, foreground, selectColor,
?| ? ? ?activeForeground, highlightBackground, selectBackground,
?| ? ? ?background, highlightColor, selectForeground,
?| ? ? ?disabledForeground, insertBackground, troughColor.
?| ?
?| ?tk_strictMotif(self, boolean=None)
?| ? ? ?Set Tcl internal variable, whether the look and feel
?| ? ? ?should adhere to Motif.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?A parameter of 1 means adhere to Motif (e.g. no color
?| ? ? ?change if mouse passes over slider).
?| ? ? ?Returns the set value.
?| ?
?| ?tkraise(self, aboveThis=None)
?| ? ? ?Raise this widget in the stacking order.
?| ?
?| ?unbind(self, sequence, funcid=None)
?| ? ? ?Unbind for this widget for event SEQUENCE ?the
?| ? ? ?function identified with FUNCID.
?| ?
?| ?unbind_all(self, sequence)
?| ? ? ?Unbind for all widgets for event SEQUENCE all functions.
?| ?
?| ?unbind_class(self, className, sequence)
?| ? ? ?Unbind for all widgets with bindtag CLASSNAME for event SEQUENCE
?| ? ? ?all functions.
?| ?
?| ?update(self)
?| ? ? ?Enter event loop until all pending events have been processed by Tcl.
?| ?
?| ?update_idletasks(self)
?| ? ? ?Enter event loop until all idle callbacks have been called. This
?| ? ? ?will update the display of windows but not process events caused by
?| ? ? ?the user.
?| ?
?| ?wait_variable(self, name='PY_VAR')
?| ? ? ?Wait until the variable is modified.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?A parameter of type IntVar, StringVar, DoubleVar or
?| ? ? ?BooleanVar must be given.
?| ?
?| ?wait_visibility(self, window=None)
?| ? ? ?Wait until the visibility of a WIDGET changes
?| ? ? ?(e.g. it appears).
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?If no parameter is given self is used.
?| ?
?| ?wait_window(self, window=None)
?| ? ? ?Wait until a WIDGET is destroyed.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?If no parameter is given self is used.
?| ?
?| ?waitvar = wait_variable(self, name='PY_VAR')
?| ?
?| ?winfo_atom(self, name, displayof=0)
?| ? ? ?Return integer which represents atom NAME.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_atomname(self, id, displayof=0)
?| ? ? ?Return name of atom with identifier ID.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_cells(self)
?| ? ? ?Return number of cells in the colormap for this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_children(self)
?| ? ? ?Return a list of all widgets which are children of this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_class(self)
?| ? ? ?Return window class name of this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_colormapfull(self)
?| ? ? ?Return True if at the last color request the colormap was full.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_containing(self, rootX, rootY, displayof=0)
?| ? ? ?Return the widget which is at the root coordinates ROOTX, ROOTY.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_depth(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the number of bits per pixel.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_exists(self)
?| ? ? ?Return true if this widget exists.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_fpixels(self, number)
?| ? ? ?Return the number of pixels for the given distance NUMBER
?| ? ? ?(e.g. "3c") as float.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_geometry(self)
?| ? ? ?Return geometry string for this widget in the form "widthxheight+X+Y".
?| ?
?| ?winfo_height(self)
?| ? ? ?Return height of this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_id(self)
?| ? ? ?Return identifier ID for this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_interps(self, displayof=0)
?| ? ? ?Return the name of all Tcl interpreters for this display.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_ismapped(self)
?| ? ? ?Return true if this widget is mapped.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_manager(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the window manager name for this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_name(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the name of this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_parent(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the name of the parent of this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_pathname(self, id, displayof=0)
?| ? ? ?Return the pathname of the widget given by ID.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_pixels(self, number)
?| ? ? ?Rounded integer value of winfo_fpixels.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_pointerx(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the x coordinate of the pointer on the root window.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_pointerxy(self)
?| ? ? ?Return a tuple of x and y coordinates of the pointer on the root window.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_pointery(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the y coordinate of the pointer on the root window.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_reqheight(self)
?| ? ? ?Return requested height of this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_reqwidth(self)
?| ? ? ?Return requested width of this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_rgb(self, color)
?| ? ? ?Return a tuple of integer RGB values in range(65536) for color in this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_rootx(self)
?| ? ? ?Return x coordinate of upper left corner of this widget on the
?| ? ? ?root window.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_rooty(self)
?| ? ? ?Return y coordinate of upper left corner of this widget on the
?| ? ? ?root window.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_screen(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the screen name of this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_screencells(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the number of the cells in the colormap of the screen
?| ? ? ?of this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_screendepth(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the number of bits per pixel of the root window of the
?| ? ? ?screen of this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_screenheight(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the number of pixels of the height of the screen of this widget
?| ? ? ?in pixel.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_screenmmheight(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the number of pixels of the height of the screen of
?| ? ? ?this widget in mm.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_screenmmwidth(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the number of pixels of the width of the screen of
?| ? ? ?this widget in mm.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_screenvisual(self)
?| ? ? ?Return one of the strings directcolor, grayscale, pseudocolor,
?| ? ? ?staticcolor, staticgray, or truecolor for the default
?| ? ? ?colormodel of this screen.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_screenwidth(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the number of pixels of the width of the screen of
?| ? ? ?this widget in pixel.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_server(self)
?| ? ? ?Return information of the X-Server of the screen of this widget in
?| ? ? ?the form "XmajorRminor vendor vendorVersion".
?| ?
?| ?winfo_toplevel(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the toplevel widget of this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_viewable(self)
?| ? ? ?Return true if the widget and all its higher ancestors are mapped.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_visual(self)
?| ? ? ?Return one of the strings directcolor, grayscale, pseudocolor,
?| ? ? ?staticcolor, staticgray, or truecolor for the
?| ? ? ?colormodel of this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_visualid(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the X identifier for the visual for this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_visualsavailable(self, includeids=False)
?| ? ? ?Return a list of all visuals available for the screen
?| ? ? ?of this widget.
?| ? ? ?
?| ? ? ?Each item in the list consists of a visual name (see winfo_visual), a
?| ? ? ?depth and if includeids is true is given also the X identifier.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_vrootheight(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the height of the virtual root window associated with this
?| ? ? ?widget in pixels. If there is no virtual root window return the
?| ? ? ?height of the screen.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_vrootwidth(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the width of the virtual root window associated with this
?| ? ? ?widget in pixel. If there is no virtual root window return the
?| ? ? ?width of the screen.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_vrootx(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the x offset of the virtual root relative to the root
?| ? ? ?window of the screen of this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_vrooty(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the y offset of the virtual root relative to the root
?| ? ? ?window of the screen of this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_width(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the width of this widget.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_x(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the x coordinate of the upper left corner of this widget
?| ? ? ?in the parent.
?| ?
?| ?winfo_y(self)
?| ? ? ?Return the y coordinate of the upper left corner of this widget
?| ? ? ?in the parent.
?| ?
?| ?----------------------------------------------------------------------
?| ?Data descriptors inherited from tkinter.Misc:
?| ?
?| ?__dict__
?| ? ? ?dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
?| ?
?| ?__weakref__
?| ? ? ?list of weak references to the object (if defined)
?| ?
?| ?----------------------------------------------------------------------
?| ?Methods inherited from tkinter.Pack:
?| ?
?| ?forget = pack_forget(self)
?| ?
?| ?info = pack_info(self)
?| ?
?| ?pack = pack_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw)
?| ?
?| ?pack_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw)
?| ? ? ?Pack a widget in the parent widget. Use as options:
?| ? ? ?after=widget - pack it after you have packed widget
?| ? ? ?anchor=NSEW (or subset) - position widget according to
?| ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?given direction
?| ? ? ?before=widget - pack it before you will pack widget
?| ? ? ?expand=bool - expand widget if parent size grows
?| ? ? ?fill=NONE or X or Y or BOTH - fill widget if widget grows
?| ? ? ?in=master - use master to contain this widget
?| ? ? ?in_=master - see 'in' option description
?| ? ? ?ipadx=amount - add internal padding in x direction
?| ? ? ?ipady=amount - add internal padding in y direction
?| ? ? ?padx=amount - add padding in x direction
?| ? ? ?pady=amount - add padding in y direction
?| ? ? ?side=TOP or BOTTOM or LEFT or RIGHT - ?where to add this widget.
?| ?
?| ?pack_forget(self)
?| ? ? ?Unmap this widget and do not use it for the packing order.
?| ?
?| ?pack_info(self)
?| ? ? ?Return information about the packing options
?| ? ? ?for this widget.
?| ?
?| ?----------------------------------------------------------------------
?| ?Methods inherited from tkinter.Place:
?| ?
?| ?place = place_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw)
?| ?
?| ?place_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw)
?| ? ? ?Place a widget in the parent widget. Use as options:
?| ? ? ?in=master - master relative to which the widget is placed
?| ? ? ?in_=master - see 'in' option description
?| ? ? ?x=amount - locate anchor of this widget at position x of master
?| ? ? ?y=amount - locate anchor of this widget at position y of master
?| ? ? ?relx=amount - locate anchor of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0
?| ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?relative to width of master (1.0 is right edge)
?| ? ? ?rely=amount - locate anchor of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0
?| ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?relative to height of master (1.0 is bottom edge)
?| ? ? ?anchor=NSEW (or subset) - position anchor according to given direction
?| ? ? ?width=amount - width of this widget in pixel
?| ? ? ?height=amount - height of this widget in pixel
?| ? ? ?relwidth=amount - width of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0
?| ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?relative to width of master (1.0 is the same width
?| ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?as the master)
?| ? ? ?relheight=amount - height of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0
?| ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? relative to height of master (1.0 is the same
?| ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? height as the master)
?| ? ? ?bordermode="inside" or "outside" - whether to take border width of
?| ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? master widget into account
?| ?
?| ?place_forget(self)
?| ? ? ?Unmap this widget.
?| ?
?| ?place_info(self)
?| ? ? ?Return information about the placing options
?| ? ? ?for this widget.
?| ?
?| ?----------------------------------------------------------------------
?| ?Methods inherited from tkinter.Grid:
?| ?
?| ?grid = grid_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw)
?| ?
?| ?grid_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw)
?| ? ? ?Position a widget in the parent widget in a grid. Use as options:
?| ? ? ?column=number - use cell identified with given column (starting with 0)
?| ? ? ?columnspan=number - this widget will span several columns
?| ? ? ?in=master - use master to contain this widget
?| ? ? ?in_=master - see 'in' option description
?| ? ? ?ipadx=amount - add internal padding in x direction
?| ? ? ?ipady=amount - add internal padding in y direction
?| ? ? ?padx=amount - add padding in x direction
?| ? ? ?pady=amount - add padding in y direction
?| ? ? ?row=number - use cell identified with given row (starting with 0)
?| ? ? ?rowspan=number - this widget will span several rows
?| ? ? ?sticky=NSEW - if cell is larger on which sides will this
?| ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?widget stick to the cell boundary
?| ?
?| ?grid_forget(self)
?| ? ? ?Unmap this widget.
?| ?
?| ?grid_info(self)
?| ? ? ?Return information about the options
?| ? ? ?for positioning this widget in a grid.
?| ?
?| ?grid_remove(self)
?| ? ? ?Unmap this widget but remember the grid options.
?| ?
?| ?location = grid_location(self, x, y)
?| ?
?| ?----------------------------------------------------------------------
?| ?Methods inherited from tkinter.XView:
?| ?
?| ?xview(self, *args)
?| ? ? ?Query and change the horizontal position of the view.
?| ?
?| ?xview_moveto(self, fraction)
?| ? ? ?Adjusts the view in the window so that FRACTION of the
?| ? ? ?total width of the canvas is off-screen to the left.
?| ?
?| ?xview_scroll(self, number, what)
?| ? ? ?Shift the x-view according to NUMBER which is measured in "units"
?| ? ? ?or "pages" (WHAT).

附件二

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