电话号码查询系统的设计与实现

用哈希表来实现的存储方式:

int hash(KeyType name) {
	int address = 0;
	for (int i = 0; name[i] != '\0'; i++) {
		address += name[i];
	}
	return address % NUM;

}

将名字定义为关键字,将名字的每一个字符的ASKII码值都相加起来,最后对10取余

void Insert_HT(HashTable HT) {
	HNode* p = (HNode*)malloc(sizeof(HNode));
	if (p == NULL) {
		printf("创建失败\n");
		return;
	}

	printf("人名: ");
	scanf("%s", p->name);
	HNode* result = Search_HT(HT, p->name);
	while (result != NULL) {
		printf("人名重复,请重新输入!\n");
		printf("人名: ");
		scanf("%s", p->name);
		result = Search_HT(HT, p->name);
	}

	printf("电话1: ");
	scanf("%s", p->phone1);
	while (CheckPhone(HT, p->phone1)) {
		printf("电话号码已存在，请重新输入\n");
		printf("电话1: ");
		scanf("%s", p->phone1);
	}
	printf("电话2: ");
	scanf("%s", p->phone2);
	while (CheckPhone(HT, p->phone2)) {
		printf("电话号码已存在，请重新输入\n");
		printf("电话2: ");
		scanf("%s", p->phone2);
	}

	printf("QQ号: ");
	scanf("%s", p->qq);
	while (CheckQQ(HT, p->qq)) {
		printf("QQ已存在，请重新输入\n");
		printf("QQ: ");
		scanf("%s", p->qq);
	}

	int address = hash(p->name);

	p->next = HT[address];
	HT[address] = p;
}

在添加中,如果有人名,电话,qq重复的情况会提示并重新输入

void Modify_HT(HashTable HT, KeyType key) {
	HNode* p = Search_HT(HT, key);
	if (p != NULL) {
		HNode* new_node = (HNode*)malloc(sizeof(HNode));
		if (new_node == NULL) {
			printf("内存分配失败\n");
			return;
		}
		printf("请输入新的姓名：");
		scanf("%s", new_node->name);
		HNode* result = Search_HT(HT, new_node->name);
		while (result != NULL) {
			printf("人名重复,请重新输入!\n");
			printf("人名: ");
			scanf("%s", new_node->name);
			result = Search_HT(HT, new_node->name);
		}

		printf("电话1: ");
		scanf("%s", new_node->phone1);
		while (CheckPhone(HT, new_node->phone1)) {
			printf("电话号码已存在，请重新输入\n");
			printf("电话1: ");
			scanf("%s", new_node->phone1);
		}

		printf("电话2: ");
		scanf("%s", new_node->phone2);
		while (CheckPhone(HT, new_node->phone2)) {
			printf("电话号码已存在，请重新输入\n");
			printf("电话2: ");
			scanf("%s", new_node->phone2);
		}

		printf("QQ号: ");
		scanf("%s", new_node->qq);
		while (CheckQQ(HT, new_node->qq)) {
			printf("QQ已存在，请重新输入\n");
			printf("QQ: ");
			scanf("%s", new_node->qq);
		}

		int new_hash = hash(new_node->name); // 重新计算哈希值

		// 从原位置删除
		Delete_HT(HT, key);

		// 插入到新位置
		new_node->next = HT[new_hash];
		HT[new_hash] = new_node;

		printf("信息修改成功！\n");
	}
	else {
		printf("没有找到此人!\n");
	}
}

删除操作需要对关键字(名字)也需要进行更改,但是对关键字进行修改后,需要对输入的元素的位置重新进行位置上的查找插入,将原来的位置删除.

完整代码

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define NUM 10

typedef char KeyType[10];

typedef struct HNode {
	KeyType name;
	char phone1[15];
	char phone2[15];
	char qq[15];
	struct HNode* next;
} HNode;

typedef HNode* HashTable[NUM];

void Create_HT(HashTable HT) {
	for (int i = 0; i < NUM; i++) {
		HT[i] = NULL;
	}
}

int hash(KeyType name) {
	int address = 0;
	for (int i = 0; name[i] != '\0'; i++) {
		address += name[i];
	}
	return address % NUM;

}

HNode* Search_HT(HashTable HT, KeyType key) {
	int address = hash(key);
	HNode* p = HT[address];
	while (p != NULL) {
		if (strcmp(p->name, key) == 0) {
			return p;
		}
		p = p->next;
	}
	return NULL;
}

int CheckPhone(HashTable HT, char* phone) {
	for (int i = 0; i < NUM; i++) {
		HNode* temp = HT[i];
		while (temp != NULL) {
			if (strcmp(temp->phone1, phone) == 0 || strcmp(temp->phone2, phone) == 0) {
				return 1;
			}
			temp = temp->next;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

int CheckQQ(HashTable HT, char* qq) {
	for (int i = 0; i < NUM; i++) {
		HNode* temp = HT[i];
		while (temp != NULL) {
			if (strcmp(temp->qq, qq) == 0) {
				return 1;
			}
			temp = temp->next;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

void Insert_HT(HashTable HT) {
	HNode* p = (HNode*)malloc(sizeof(HNode));
	if (p == NULL) {
		printf("创建失败\n");
		return;
	}

	printf("人名: ");
	scanf("%s", p->name);
	HNode* result = Search_HT(HT, p->name);
	while (result != NULL) {
		printf("人名重复,请重新输入!\n");
		printf("人名: ");
		scanf("%s", p->name);
		result = Search_HT(HT, p->name);
	}

	printf("电话1: ");
	scanf("%s", p->phone1);
	while (CheckPhone(HT, p->phone1)) {
		printf("电话号码已存在，请重新输入\n");
		printf("电话1: ");
		scanf("%s", p->phone1);
	}
	printf("电话2: ");
	scanf("%s", p->phone2);
	while (CheckPhone(HT, p->phone2)) {
		printf("电话号码已存在，请重新输入\n");
		printf("电话2: ");
		scanf("%s", p->phone2);
	}

	printf("QQ号: ");
	scanf("%s", p->qq);
	while (CheckQQ(HT, p->qq)) {
		printf("QQ已存在，请重新输入\n");
		printf("QQ: ");
		scanf("%s", p->qq);
	}

	int address = hash(p->name);

	p->next = HT[address];
	HT[address] = p;
}

void Delete_HT(HashTable HT, KeyType key) {
	int address = hash(key);
	HNode* p = HT[address];
	HNode* prev = NULL;
	while (p != NULL) {
		if (strcmp(p->name, key) == 0) {
			if (prev == NULL) {
				HT[address] = p->next;
			}
			else {
				prev->next = p->next;
			}
			free(p);
			return;
		}
		prev = p;
		p = p->next;
	}
}

void Modify_HT(HashTable HT, KeyType key) {
	HNode* p = Search_HT(HT, key);
	if (p != NULL) {
		HNode* new_node = (HNode*)malloc(sizeof(HNode));
		if (new_node == NULL) {
			printf("内存分配失败\n");
			return;
		}
		printf("请输入新的姓名：");
		scanf("%s", new_node->name);
		HNode* result = Search_HT(HT, new_node->name);
		while (result != NULL) {
			printf("人名重复,请重新输入!\n");
			printf("人名: ");
			scanf("%s", new_node->name);
			result = Search_HT(HT, new_node->name);
		}

		printf("电话1: ");
		scanf("%s", new_node->phone1);
		while (CheckPhone(HT, new_node->phone1)) {
			printf("电话号码已存在，请重新输入\n");
			printf("电话1: ");
			scanf("%s", new_node->phone1);
		}

		printf("电话2: ");
		scanf("%s", new_node->phone2);
		while (CheckPhone(HT, new_node->phone2)) {
			printf("电话号码已存在，请重新输入\n");
			printf("电话2: ");
			scanf("%s", new_node->phone2);
		}

		printf("QQ号: ");
		scanf("%s", new_node->qq);
		while (CheckQQ(HT, new_node->qq)) {
			printf("QQ已存在，请重新输入\n");
			printf("QQ: ");
			scanf("%s", new_node->qq);
		}

		int new_hash = hash(new_node->name); // 重新计算哈希值

		// 从原位置删除
		Delete_HT(HT, key);

		// 插入到新位置
		new_node->next = HT[new_hash];
		HT[new_hash] = new_node;

		printf("信息修改成功！\n");
	}
	else {
		printf("没有找到此人!\n");
	}
}

void Print_HT(HashTable HT) {
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
		printf("%d号: ", i);
		HNode* p = HT[i];
		while (p != NULL) {
			printf("名字: %s, 电话1: %s,电话2: %s, QQ: %s\n -> ", p->name, p->phone1, p->phone2, p->qq);
			p = p->next;
		}
		printf("NULL\n");
	}
}

void OperateMenu(HashTable HT) {
	int choice;
	do {
		printf("************ 欢迎使用哈希表操作菜单 ************\n");
		printf("1. 插入数据\n");
		printf("2. 删除数据\n");
		printf("3. 查找数据\n");
		printf("4. 修改数据\n");
		printf("5. 打印哈希表\n");
		printf("0. 退出\n");
		printf("********************************************\n");
		printf("请输入您的选择：");
		scanf("%d", &choice);
		switch (choice) {
		case 1:
			Insert_HT(HT);
			break;
		case 2:
		{
			KeyType key;
			printf("请输入要删除的人名：");
			scanf("%s", key);
			HNode* result = Search_HT(HT, key);
			if (result != NULL) {
				Delete_HT(HT, key);
			}
			else {
				printf("没有找到此人!\n");
			}
		}
		break;
		case 3:
		{
			KeyType key;
			printf("请输入要查找的人名：");
			scanf("%s", key);
			HNode* result = Search_HT(HT, key);
			if (result != NULL) {
				printf("找到了，电话1：%s，电话2：%s，QQ：%s\n", result->phone1, result->phone2, result->qq);
			}
			else {
				printf("没有找到此人!\n");
			}
		}
		break;
		case 4:
		{
			KeyType key;
			printf("请输入要修改的人名：");
			scanf("%s", key);
			HNode* result = Search_HT(HT, key);
			if (result != NULL) {
				Modify_HT(HT, key);
			}
			else {
				printf("没有找到此人!\n");
			}
		}
		break;
		case 5:
			Print_HT(HT);
			break;
		case 0:
			printf("程序已退出\n");
			break;
		default:
			printf("输入有误，请重新输入\n");
			break;
		}
	} while (choice != 0);
}

int main() {
	HashTable HT;
	Create_HT(HT);
	OperateMenu(HT);
	return 0;
}