字符串切四刀,最后一刀必须是在末位。
麻烦的地方在于文本的各种限制条件、剪枝等等。
class Solution {
public:
vector<string> results;
string result;
void backtracking(string& s, int start, int k) {
if (start == s.size() && k == -1) {
result.pop_back();
results.push_back(result);
result.push_back('.');
return;
}
string ss;
for (int i = start; i < s.size(); i++) {
if (k == 0) { // 要是前三刀切完了,第四刀必须在末尾
ss = s.substr(start, s.size() - start);
i = s.size() - 1;
}
else ss = s.substr(start, i + 1 - start);
if (ss[0] == '0' && ss.size() > 1) break; // 开头‘0’不合法,后面的也不用考虑
if (ss.size() > 3) break; // size大于3,肯定>255,后面也不用考虑
int num = stoi(ss);
if (num > 255) break; // >255,后面也不用考虑了。
result += ss;
result.push_back('.');
backtracking(s, i + 1, k - 1);
result.erase(result.end() - ss.size() - 1, result.end());
}
return;
}
vector<string> restoreIpAddresses(string s) {
backtracking(s, 0, 3);
return results;
}
};
该方法不太省空间。以下方法直接在s上操作,考虑将三个‘.’插在字符串的哪里。注意第三个点插在最后一位的情况。
class Solution {
public:
vector<string> result;
void backtracking(string& s, int pp, int start) {
if (pp == 3) {
if (isValid(s, start, s.size() - 1)) result.push_back(s);
return;
}
for (int i = start; i < s.size(); i++) {
if (isValid(s, start, i)) {
s.insert(s.begin() + i + 1, '.');
pp++;
backtracking(s, pp, i + 2);
pp--;
s.erase(s.begin() + i + 1);
} else break;
}
}
bool isValid(string& s, int left, int right) {
if (left > right) return false; // 防止最后一位是‘.’
if (s[left] == '0' && right > left) return false;
if ((right - left) > 3) return false;
int num = 0;
for (int i = left; i <= right; i++) {
if (s[i] > '9' || s[i] < '0') return false;
num = num * 10 + (s[i] - '0');
if (num > 255) return false;
}
return true;
}
vector<string> restoreIpAddresses(string s) {
backtracking(s, 0, 0);
return result;
}
};
太简单了,就是组合但是不考虑长度,任何都能压入最终答案中。
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> results;
vector<int> result;
void backtracking(vector<int>& nums, int start) {
results.push_back(result);
for (int i = start; i < nums.size(); i++) {
result.push_back(nums[i]);
backtracking(nums, i + 1);
result.pop_back();
}
return;
}
vector<vector<int>> subsets(vector<int>& nums) {
backtracking(nums, 0);
return results;
}
};
有了重复元素,就不得不先排序了。
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> results;
vector<int> result;
void backtracking(vector<int>& nums, int start) {
results.push_back(result);
for (int i = start; i < nums.size(); i++) {
if (i > start && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) continue;
result.push_back(nums[i]);
backtracking(nums, i + 1);
result.pop_back();
}
return;
}
vector<vector<int>> subsetsWithDup(vector<int>& nums) {
sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
backtracking(nums, 0);
return results;
}
};