数据线和时钟线是用于串行通信的两种基本信号线。它们通常用于协调和传输数据,确保发送和接收设备之间的同步和正确的通信。以下是它们的作用:
数据线(SDA - Serial Data Line): 数据线用于传输实际的数据位。在串行通信中,每个数据位按照顺序一个接一个地传输。SDA 承载着要发送或接收的二进制数据,每个数据位都在 SDA 上进行传输。
时钟线(SCL - Serial Clock Line): 时钟线是一个用于同步的信号线。它定义了数据位何时开始传输和何时结束,以及每个位的持续时间。SCL 的频率决定了通信速率,即每秒传输的位数。
在串行通信中,数据和时钟信号的组合允许设备在相同的时序下进行通信。发送设备通过时钟线告诉接收设备何时读取数据线上的位。这种同步机制确保了数据的正确性和可靠性。
例如,对于 I2C(Inter-Integrated Circuit)协议,SDA 是数据线,而 SCL 是时钟线。在每个时钟周期内,一个数据位被传输或接收,并且通过时钟信号进行同步。这种机制使得可以在两根线上进行双向通信,同时在同一总线上连接多个设备。
总的来说,数据线和时钟线是串行通信中的基本元素,它们协同工作以实现可靠和同步的数据传输。
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(I2C_HandleTypeDef *hi2c,
uint16_t DevAddress,
uint16_t MemAddress,
uint16_t MemAddSize,
uint8_t *pData,
uint16_t Size,
uint32_t Timeout)
函数的参数如下:
hi2c
: I2C外设的句柄,包含了I2C外设的配置和状态信息。DevAddress
: 目标设备的I2C地址。MemAddress
: 目标设备的内存地址,即要写入数据的位置。MemAddSize
: 内存地址的大小,以字节为单位,通常是1或2个字节。pData
: 要写入的数据的指针。Size
: 要写入的数据的字节数。Timeout
: 操作的超时时间,以毫秒为单位。这个函数的作用是在指定的I2C总线上,向目标设备的指定内存地址写入一定数量的数据。函数返回一个 HAL_StatusTypeDef
类型的状态,表示操作的成功或失败。
向OLED写命令的封装:
void Oled_Write_Cmd(uint8_t dataCmd)
{
HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(&hi2c1, 0x78, 0x00, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT,
&dataCmd, 1, 0xff);
}
?向OLED写数据的封装:
void Oled_Write_Data(uint8_t dataData)
{
HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(&hi2c1, 0x78, 0x40, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT,
&dataData, 1, 0xff);
}
void Oled_Write_Cmd(uint8_t dataCmd)
{
HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(&hi2c1, 0x78, 0x00, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT,
&dataCmd, 1, 0xff);
}
void Oled_Write_Data(uint8_t dataData)
{
HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(&hi2c1, 0x78, 0x40, I2C_MEMADD_SIZE_8BIT,
&dataData, 1, 0xff);
}
void Oled_Init(void){
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xAE);//--display off
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x00);//---set low column address
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x10);//---set high column address
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x40);//--set start line address
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xB0);//--set page address
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x81); // contract control
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xFF);//--128
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xA1);//set segment remap
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xA6);//--normal / reverse
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xA8);//--set multiplex ratio(1 to 64)
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x3F);//--1/32 duty
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xC8);//Com scan direction
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xD3);//-set display offset
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x00);//
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xD5);//set osc division
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x80);//
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xD8);//set area color mode off
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x05);//
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xD9);//Set Pre-Charge Period
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xF1);//
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xDA);//set com pin configuartion
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x12);//
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xDB);//set Vcomh
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x30);//
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x8D);//set charge pump enable
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x14);//
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xAF);//--turn on oled panel
}
void Oled_Screen_Clear(void){
int i,n;
Oled_Write_Cmd (0x20); //set memory addressing mode
Oled_Write_Cmd (0x02); //page addressing mode
for(i=0;i<8;i++){
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xb0+i);
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x00);
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x10);
for(n=0;n<128;n++)
Oled_Write_Data(0x00);
}
}
unsigned char bmpImager[] = {
/*-- 调入了一幅图像:D:\无标题.bmp --*/
/*-- 宽度x高度=128x64 --128x8x8*/
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0xF0,0x08,0x0C,0x04,0x06,0x06,0x0C,0x04,0x0C,0xFC,0x1C,0x74,0xFC,0xF8,
0xF0,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x01,0x07,0x04,0x88,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x0C,0x06,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x1F,
0x7F,0xFF,0xDC,0xF8,0xE0,0xC0,0x40,0xC0,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x18,0x08,0x0C,
0x04,0x04,0x06,0x02,0x01,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x60,0xC0,0x80,0x80,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,
0x03,0x06,0x1C,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x07,0xFC,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x08,0x08,0x88,0xE8,0x38,0x0E,0x09,0x08,
0x08,0x88,0xE8,0x18,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x89,0x89,0x89,0xFF,0x00,0xFF,
0x89,0x89,0x89,0x89,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x04,0x04,0x84,0x74,0x6F,0xA4,0x24,0x24,0x24,
0x24,0xA4,0x64,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x80,0xF0,0x1F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x08,0x09,0x09,0x06,0x06,
0x06,0x05,0x08,0x08,0x10,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x0C,0x03,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x1F,0x18,0x07,
0x00,0x00,0x10,0x10,0x1F,0x00,0x10,0x08,0x06,0x11,0x10,0x08,0x09,0x0A,0x06,0x06,
0x0B,0x08,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,
0x1E,0x03,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x60,0x30,0x0C,0x04,0x06,0x02,0x01,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,
0x1E,0x60,0x78,0x0F,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
};
void Oled_Show_Image(unsigned char *image)
{
unsigned char i;
unsigned int j;
for(i=0;i<8;i++){
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xB0 + i);//page0--page7
//每个page从0列
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x00);
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x10);
//0到127列,依次写入0,每写入数据,列地址自动偏移
for(j = 128 * i; j<(128 * (i+1));j++){
Oled_Write_Data(image[j]);
}
}
}
int main(void)
{
HAL_Init();
SystemClock_Config();
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_I2C1_Init();
//1. OLED初始化
Oled_Init();
//2. 选择一个位置
//2.1 确认页寻址模式
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x20);
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x02);
Oled_Screen_Clear();
Oled_Show_Image(bmpImager);
while (1)
{
}
}
这段代码是一个用于控制OLED显示屏的STM32程序,通过I2C总线进行通信。以下是代码的主要部分的解释:
Oled_Write_Cmd
函数:
HAL_I2C_Mem_Write
函数,该函数用于通过I2C总线向设备的指定内存地址写入数据。HAL_I2C_Mem_Write
函数向OLED发送命令,包括设备地址、内存地址(命令地址)、数据长度等参数。Oled_Write_Data
函数:
HAL_I2C_Mem_Write
函数,但这次写入的是数据而不是命令。Oled_Init
函数:
Oled_Screen_Clear
函数:
Oled_Show_Image
函数:
main
函数:
main
函数中,首先进行了系统初始化、GPIO初始化和I2C初始化。Oled_Init
进行OLED的初始化。Oled_Screen_Clear
进行OLED的清屏。Oled_Show_Image
显示了一个预定义的图像。总的来说,这个程序通过I2C总线控制OLED屏幕,进行初始化、清屏并显示图像。其中使用了HAL库提供的函数来简化硬件控制的实现。
void Oled_Show_Image(unsigned char *image)
{
unsigned char i;
unsigned int j;
for(i=0; i<8; i++){
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xB0 + i); // 设置页地址(Page Address),范围是0xB0到0xB7
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x00); // 设置列地址的低四位
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x10); // 设置列地址的高四位
// 每个page从0列开始写入数据,列地址自动偏移
for(j = 128 * i; j < (128 * (i+1)); j++){
Oled_Write_Data(image[j]); // 写入图像数据
}
}
}
?
Oled_Write_Cmd(0xB0 + i);
: 设置OLED的页地址,因为OLED是分页显示的,每页有8行。0xB0是页地址的基准值,通过 i
的变化,可以在0xB0到0xB7之间循环选择页。
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x00);
: 设置列地址的低四位,因为一共有128列,这里设置低四位为0,表示从第0列开始写入数据。
Oled_Write_Cmd(0x10);
: 设置列地址的高四位,因为列地址是8位的,这里设置高四位为0x1,表示从第16列开始写入数据。这是因为OLED内部的存储结构是每个列占8个像素,所以16列的高四位为1。
for(j = 128 * i; j < (128 * (i+1)); j++) { Oled_Write_Data(image[j]); }
: 通过循环,逐列写入图像数据。j
的取值范围是从0到127,实际上,每页的图像数据在 image
数组中是连续存放的,因此通过这个循环可以将一整页的图像数据逐列写入OLED。
OLED的宽度为128像素,高度为64像素。这是一种常见的OLED屏幕分辨率。在这种情况下,每个页面(Page)有8行,共有64/8 = 8个页面。
具体到代码中的 Oled_Show_Image
函数,它通过循环遍历8个页面,每个页面逐列写入图像数据。每个页面有128列,因为OLED的宽度是128像素。
在这个例子中,假设 image
数组中的数据是按照每个页面从左到右、从上到下的顺序存储的,每个像素用一个字节表示。因此,通过循环逐页逐列写入数据,可以正确地将整个图像显示在OLED上。
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