Vue——动态组件、插槽

发布时间：2024年01月11日

组件通讯

1.ref属性（也可以实现组件间通信：子和父都可以实现通信）

ref放在标签上，拿到的是原生的DOM节点
ref放在组件上，拿到的是组件对象?，对象中的数据、函数都可以直接使用
通过这种方式实现子传父（this.$refs.mychild.text）
通过这种方式实现父传子（调用子组件方法传参数）

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>子传父</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/vue/2.6.12/vue.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">
    <input type="text" ref="myRef">
    <button @click="handleButton">点我</button>
</div>

</body>
<script>
    // 创建1个组件对象（全局组件/子组件）
    Vue.component('global', {
        template: `
            <div>
                <input type="text" v-model="myText">
            </div>
        `,
        data() {
            return {
                myText: ''
            }
        },
        methods: {
            handleClick() {
                this.$emit('my_event', this.myText)
                this.$emit('my_event', this.innerHTML)
            }
        }
    })
    // 父组件
    let vm = new Vue({
        el: '#box',
        data: {
            name: ''
        },
        methods: {
            handleShow(a) {
                this.name = a
            },
            handleButton() {
                console.log(this.$refs)
                console.log(this.$refs.myRef)
                console.log(this.$refs.myRef.value)
            }
        }
    })
</script>
</html>

2.事件总线（不同层级的不同组件通信）

原本的通信方式

事件总线的通信方式

实例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>子传父</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/vue/2.6.12/vue.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">
    <global1></global1>
    <hr>
    <global2></global2>
</div>

</body>
<script>
    // 定义1个事件总线
    let bus = new Vue({})

    // 组件1
    Vue.component('global1', {
        template: `
            <div>
                <h3>组件1</h3>
                <input type="text" v-model="myText">
                <button @click="handleClick1">点我传递数据到另一个组件</button>
            </div>
        `,
        data() {
            return {
                myText: ''
            }
        },
        methods: {
            handleClick1() {
                console.log(this.myText)
                bus.$emit('any', this.myText)  // 通过事件总线发送
            }
        }
    })
    // 组件2
    Vue.component('global2', {
        template: `
            <div>
                <h3>组件2</h3>
                收到的消息是：{{recvText}}
            </div>
        `,
        data() {
            return {
                recvText: ''
            }
        },
        mounted() { // 组件的挂载（生命周期钩子函数中的1个），开始监听时间总线上的：any
            bus.$on('any', (item) => {
                console.log('收到了', item,)
                this.recvText = item
            })
        },
        methods: {}
    })
    // 父组件
    let vm = new Vue({
        el: '#box',
        data: {},
    })
</script>
</html>

动态组件

1.基本使用

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>动态组件</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/vue/2.6.12/vue.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">
    <ul>
        <li>
            <button @click="who='child1'">首页</button>
        </li>
        <li>
            <button @click="who='child2'">订单</button>
        </li>
        <li>
            <button @click="who='child3'">商品</button>
        </li>
    </ul>
    <component :is="who"></component>
</div>

</body>
<script>
    let vm = new Vue({
        el: '#box',
        data: {
            who: 'child1'
        },
        components: {
            child1: {
                template: `
                    <div>
                        <span style="border-bottom: 5px solid rgba(255,104,104,0.7)">我是首页</span>
                    </div>
                `,
            },
            child2: {
                template: `
                    <div>
                        <span style="border-bottom: 5px solid rgba(255,104,255,0.7)">我是订单</span>
                    </div>
                `,
            },
            child3: {
                template: `
                    <div>
                        <span style="border-bottom: 5px solid rgba(104,255,104,0.7)">我是商品</span>
                    </div>
                `,
            }
        }
    })
</script>
</html>

2.keep-alive的使用

keep-alive可以让输入框内有的内容一致保持，不会因为切换而重置

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">
    <ul>
        <li>
            <button @click="who='child1'">首页</button>
        </li>
        <li>
            <button @click="who='child2'">订单</button>
        </li>
        <li>
            <button @click="who='child3'">商品</button>
        </li>
    </ul>
    <keep-alive>
        <component :is="who"></component>
    </keep-alive>
</div>

</body>
<script>
    let vm = new Vue({
        el: '#box',
        data: {
            who: 'child1'
        },
        components: {
            child1: {
                template: `
                    <div>
                        <span style="border-bottom: 5px solid rgba(255,104,104,0.7)">我是首页</span>
                        <input type="text">
                    </div>
                `,
            },
            child2: {
                template: `
                    <div>
                        <span style="border-bottom: 5px solid rgba(255,104,255,0.7)">我是订单</span>
                        <input type="text">
                    </div>
                `,
            },
            child3: {
                template: `
                    <div>
                        <span style="border-bottom: 5px solid rgba(104,255,104,0.7)">我是商品</span>
                        <input type="text">
                    </div>
                `,
            }
        }
    })
</script>
</html>

slot 插槽

一般情况下，编写完1个组件之后，组件的内容都是写死的，需要加数据只能去组件中修改，扩展性很差
然后就出现了插槽这个概念，只需在组件中添加<slot></slot>，就可以在body的组件标签中添加内容

1.基本使用

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>slot 插槽</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/vue/2.6.12/vue.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">
    <child>
        <h6>Hello World</h6>
    </child>
</div>

</body>
<script>
    let vm = new Vue({
        el: '#box',
        data: {
            who: 'child1'
        },
        components: {
            child: {
                template: `
                    <div>
                        <slot></slot>
                        <span style="border-bottom: 5px solid rgba(255,104,104,0.7)">我是组件的原内容</span>
                        <slot></slot>
                    </div>
                `,
            },
        }
    })
</script>
</html>

2.小案例（通过插槽实现在1个组件中控制另1个组件的显示隐藏）

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>slot 插槽</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/vue/2.6.12/vue.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">
    <!--通过插槽实现在一个组件中控制另一个组件的显示隐藏-->
    <child1>
        <button @click="isShow=!isShow">显示/隐藏组件2</button>
    </child1>

    <child2 v-if="isShow"></child2>
</div>
</body>
<script>
    Vue.component('child1', {
        template: `<div>
          组件1
          <slot></slot>
        </div>`,

    })
    Vue.component('child2', {
        template: `<div>
          <h3>组件2</h3>
        </div>`,

    })
    var vm = new Vue({
        el: '#box',
        data: {
            isShow: true
        }

    })
</script>
</html>

3.具名插槽

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>具名插槽</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/vue/2.6.12/vue.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">
    <!-- 具名插槽，把p标签给a插槽，div标签给b插槽-->
    <child>
        <p slot="a">我是具名插槽a插入的内容</p>
        <div slot="b">我是具名插槽b插入的内容</div>
    </child>
</div>
</body>
<script>
    Vue.component('child', {
        template: `<div>
            <slot name="a"></slot>
            <hr>
            <span style="border-bottom: 5px solid rgba(255,104,104,0.7)">我是组件的原内容</span>
            <hr>
            <slot name="b"></slot>
        </div>`,

    })
    var vm = new Vue({
        el: '#box',
        data: {}

    })
</script>
</html>

可以指定标签放在某个插槽的位置

自定义组件的封装

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/swiper/swiper-bundle.css">
    <script src="https://unpkg.com/swiper/swiper-bundle.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/vue/2.6.12/vue.min.js"></script>
    <style>
        .swiper-container {
            width: 600px;
            height: 200px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">

    <swipper>
        <div class="swiper-wrapper">
            <div class="swiper-slide" v-for="data in dataList1"><h1 style="text-align: center">{{data}}</h1></div>
        </div>
    </swipper>

    <swipper :key="dataList2.length">
        <div class="swiper-wrapper">
            <div class="swiper-slide" v-for="data in dataList2"><h1 style="text-align: center">{{data}}</h1></div>
        </div>
    </swipper>

</div>

</body>
<script>
    Vue.component('swipper', {
        template: `
        <div>
            <div class="swiper-container">
                <slot></slot>
                <div class="swiper-pagination"></div>
            </div>
        </div>
        `,
        mounted() {
            // 每次更新都会执行该代码，会耗费资源
            let mySwiper = new Swiper('.swiper-container', {
                direction: 'horizontal', // 垂直切换选项
                loop: true, // 循环模式选项
                // 如果需要分页器
                pagination: {
                    el: '.swiper-pagination',
                },
            })
        }
    })

    let vm = new Vue({
        el: '#box',
        data: {
            dataList1: [],
            dataList2: []
        },
        mounted() {
            setTimeout(() => {
                this.dataList1 = ['11111', '22222', '33333']
                this.dataList2 = ['66666', '77777', '88888']
            }, 3000)
        },
    })
</script>
</html>

自定义指令

1.基本使用

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>自定义指令 基本使用</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/vue/2.6.12/vue.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">
    <div v-mystyle>我是1个DIV</div>
</div>

</body>
<script>
    // 自定义指令，使用的时候 v-自定义指令名
    Vue.directive('mystyle', {
        inserted(ev) {    // 在标签上使用这个指令，就会触发 inserted
            console.log('我执行了')
        }
    })


    let vm = new Vue({
        el: '#box'
    })
</script>
</html>

2.让所有使用自定义指令的标签背景都变红色

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>自定义指令 基本使用</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/vue/2.6.12/vue.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">
    <div v-mystyle>我是1个DIV</div>
    <br>
    <div v-mystyle>我也是1个DIV</div>
</div>

</body>
<script>
    // 自定义指令，使用的时候 v-自定义指令名
    Vue.directive('mystyle', {
        inserted(ev) {    // 在标签上使用这个指令，就会触发 inserted
            ev.style.background='red'
        }
    })

    let vm = new Vue({
        el: '#box'
    })
</script>
</html>

3.用户指定自定义指令的背景色,修改变量，背景变化

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>自定义指令</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/vue/2.6.12/vue.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">
    <!--    <div v-mystyle>我是1个DIV</div>-->
    <div v-mystyle>我是1个DIV</div>
    <div v-mystyle="'red'">我是1个DIV</div>
    <div v-mystyle="'green'">我是1个DIV</div>
    <div v-mystyle="'blue'">我是1个DIV</div>
    <div v-mystyle="myColor">我是1个DIV</div>
</div>

</body>
<script>
    Vue.directive('mystyle', {
        inserted(ev, color) {    // 这里的ev就是DOM对象
            console.log(ev)
            console.log(color)
            ev.style.backgrond = color.value
        },
        updated(el, color) {
            el.style.background = color.value
        }
    })

    let vm = new Vue({
        el: '#box',
        data: {
            myColor: 'purple'
        }
    })
</script>
</html>

过滤器

json数据：film.json

{
  "coming": [
    {
      "id": 1240838,
      "haspromotionTag": false,
      "img": "http://p1.meituan.net/w.h/movie/38dd31a0e1b18e1b00aeb2170c5a65b13885486.jpg",
      "version": "",
      "nm": "除暴",
      "preShow": false,
      "sc": 8.6,
      "globalReleased": true,
      "wish": 76513,
      "star": "王千源,吴彦祖,春夏",
      "rt": "2020-11-20",
      "showInfo": "今天50家影院放映79场",
      "showst": 3,
      "wishst": 0,
      "comingTitle": "11月20日 周五"
    },
    {
      "id": 1228788,
      "haspromotionTag": false,
      "img": "http://p0.meituan.net/w.h/movie/b16c1c0d5ac9e743c6ffbbf7eba900522725807.jpg",
      "version": "",
      "nm": "一秒钟",
      "preShow": false,
      "sc": 8.6,
      "globalReleased": true,
      "wish": 54493,
      "star": "张译,刘浩存,范伟",
      "rt": "2020-11-27",
      "showInfo": "今天11家影院放映12场",
      "showst": 3,
      "wishst": 0,
      "comingTitle": "11月27日 周五"
    },
    {
      "id": 1358968,
      "haspromotionTag": false,
      "img": "http://p0.meituan.net/w.h/movie/d33858dbfc207da3b36c0dc7fff7a8bb2028677.jpg",
      "version": "",
      "nm": "汪汪队立大功之超能救援",
      "preShow": false,
      "sc": 8.3,
      "globalReleased": true,
      "wish": 24833,
      "star": "杨鸥,韩娇娇,李敏妍",
      "rt": "2020-11-13",
      "showInfo": "今天5家影院放映7场",
      "showst": 3,
      "wishst": 0,
      "comingTitle": "11月13日 周五"
    },
    {
      "id": 345809,
      "haspromotionTag": false,
      "img": "http://p1.meituan.net/w.h/moviemachine/7c4ba9633635503044a8f8fb6426aa8d416264.jpg",
      "version": "v2d imax",
      "nm": "隐形人",
      "preShow": false,
      "sc": 8.4,
      "globalReleased": true,
      "wish": 9894,
      "star": "伊丽莎白·莫斯,奥利弗·杰森-科恩,阿尔迪斯·霍吉",
      "rt": "2020-12-04",
      "showInfo": "今天21家影院放映30场",
      "showst": 3,
      "wishst": 0,
      "comingTitle": "12月4日 周五"
    },
    {
      "id": 1330790,
      "haspromotionTag": false,
      "img": "http://p0.meituan.net/w.h/movie/88e54f3e670789ba1f08e48a5f1170c1188102.jpg",
      "version": "",
      "nm": "明天你是否依然爱我",
      "preShow": false,
      "sc": 0,
      "globalReleased": false,
      "wish": 217699,
      "star": "杨颖,李鸿其,黄柏钧",
      "rt": "2020-12-24",
      "showInfo": "2020-12-24 下周四上映",
      "showst": 4,
      "wishst": 0,
      "comingTitle": "12月24日 周四"
    },
    {
      "id": 1277751,
      "haspromotionTag": false,
      "img": "http://p0.meituan.net/w.h/movie/303c2e671cc4df875c151d688ecbd8962085989.jpg",
      "version": "v2d imax",
      "nm": "赤狐书生",
      "preShow": false,
      "sc": 7.7,
      "globalReleased": true,
      "wish": 177525,
      "star": "陈立农,李现,哈妮克孜",
      "rt": "2020-12-04",
      "showInfo": "今天26家影院放映43场",
      "showst": 3,
      "wishst": 0,
      "comingTitle": "12月4日 周五"
    },
    {
      "id": 1225578,
      "haspromotionTag": false,
      "img": "http://p0.meituan.net/w.h/moviemachine/cf7d6942f2aa9189cce20519b490b6b1879487.jpg",
      "version": "",
      "nm": "野性的呼唤",
      "preShow": false,
      "sc": 9.2,
      "globalReleased": true,
      "wish": 14703,
      "star": "哈里森·福特,丹·史蒂文斯,凯伦·吉兰",
      "rt": "2020-11-13",
      "showInfo": "今天暂无场次",
      "showst": 3,
      "wishst": 0,
      "comingTitle": "11月13日 周五"
    },
    {
      "id": 1302281,
      "haspromotionTag": false,
      "img": "http://p0.meituan.net/w.h/moviemachine/1d2b4985d0187b437d41a73994ba2e191607376.jpg",
      "version": "",
      "nm": "奇妙王国之魔法奇缘",
      "preShow": true,
      "sc": 0,
      "globalReleased": false,
      "wish": 20309,
      "star": "卢瑶,张洋,陈新玥",
      "rt": "2020-12-26",
      "showInfo": "2020-12-26 下周六上映",
      "showst": 4,
      "wishst": 0,
      "comingTitle": "12月26日 周六"
    },
    {
      "id": 1301902,
      "haspromotionTag": false,
      "img": "http://p0.meituan.net/w.h/movie/f686425a1ad1f502254abef593d508bf428685.jpg",
      "version": "",
      "nm": "沉默东京",
      "preShow": false,
      "sc": 5.8,
      "globalReleased": true,
      "wish": 52,
      "star": "佐藤浩市,石田百合子,西岛秀俊",
      "rt": "2020-12-04",
      "showInfo": "今天暂无场次",
      "showst": 3,
      "wishst": 0,
      "comingTitle": ""
    },
    {
      "id": 1286015,
      "haspromotionTag": false,
      "img": "http://p0.meituan.net/w.h/moviemachine/a0c6d6e130abe399e4cba58be2b1f871840268.jpg",
      "version": "",
      "nm": "宝可梦：超梦的逆袭 进化",
      "preShow": false,
      "sc": 8.2,
      "globalReleased": true,
      "wish": 53255,
      "star": "松本梨香,大谷育江,市村正亲",
      "rt": "2020-12-04",
      "showInfo": "今天10家影院放映10场",
      "showst": 3,
      "wishst": 0,
      "comingTitle": "12月4日 周五"
    }
  ]
}

前端：index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>过滤器</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/vue/2.6.12/vue.min.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/axios/0.21.0/axios.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="box">
    <ul>
        <li v-for="item in dataList">
            <h2>{{item.nm}}</h2>
            <p>主演：{{item.star}}</p>
            <img :src="item.img | repUrl" alt="">
        </li>
    </ul>
</div>

</body>
<script>
    // 过滤器
    Vue.filter('repUrl', function (url) {
        return url.replace('w.h','128.180')
    })
    let vm = new Vue({
        el: '#box',
        data: {
            dataList: ''
        },
        mounted() {
            axios.get("http://127.0.0.1:5000/").then(res => {
                console.log(res.data.coming)
                this.dataList = res.data.coming
            }).catch(err => {
                console.log(err);
            })
        }
    })
</script>
</html>

后端：main.py

import json

from flask import Flask, jsonify

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/')
def index():
    print('请求来了')
    with open('film.json', mode='rt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        dic = json.load(f)
    res = jsonify(dic)
    res.headers['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = '*'
    return res


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/m0_71115526/article/details/135529037
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