ros2机器人在gazebo中移动方案

原文连接Gazebo - Docs: Moving the robot (gazebosim.org)

很重要的地方：使用虚拟机运行Ubuntu的时候，需要关闭”加速3D图形“的那个选项，否则gazebo无法正常显示。

Moving the robot（使用命令移动机器人示例）

In this tutorial we will learn how to move our robot. We will use the robot we built in the?Build your own robot?tutorial. You can download the robot from?here. You can also find the finished world of this tutorial?here.

What is a plugin

To make our robot move we will use the?diff_drive?plugin. But before doing so let's answer the question "What is a plugin?" A plugin is a chunk of code that is compiled as a shared library and inserted into the simulation. Plugins make us control many aspects of the simulation like world, models, etc.

Diff_drive plugin

diff_drive?plugin helps us control our robot, specifically a robot that can be differentially driven. Let's setup the plugin on our robot. Open the?building_robot.sdf?and add the following code within the?vehicle_blue?model tags.

<plugin
    filename="gz-sim-diff-drive-system"
    name="gz::sim::systems::DiffDrive">
    <left_joint>left_wheel_joint</left_joint>
    <right_joint>right_wheel_joint</right_joint>
    <wheel_separation>1.2</wheel_separation>
    <wheel_radius>0.4</wheel_radius>
    <odom_publish_frequency>1</odom_publish_frequency>
    <topic>cmd_vel</topic>
</plugin>

The?<plugin>?tag has two attributes,?filename?which takes the library file name and?name?which takes the name of the plugin. In the?<left_joint>?and?<right_joint>?tags we define the joints which connect the left and the right wheel with the body of the robot, in our case?left_wheel_joint?and?right_wheel_joint.?<wheel_separation>?takes the distance between the two wheels. Our robot has its?left_wheel?at 0.6 m and the?right_wheel?at -0.6 m in y-axis with respect to the?chassis, so the?wheel_separation?is 1.2 m.?<wheel_radius>?takes the radius of the wheel which was defined in the?<radius>?tag under the wheel link.?<odom_publish_frequency>?sets the frequency at which the odometry is published at?/model/vehicle_blue/odometry.?cmd_vel?is the input?<topic>?to the?DiffDrive?plugin.

Topics and Messages

Now our model is ready. We just need to send commands (messages) to it. These messages will be published (sent) on the?cmd_vel?topic defined above.

A topic is simply a name for grouping a specific set of messages or a particular service. Our model will subscribe (listen) to the messages sent on the?cmd_vel?topic.

Launch the robot world:

gz sim building_robot.sdf

In another terminal let's send a message to to our robot:

gz topic -t "/cmd_vel" -m gz.msgs.Twist -p "linear: {x: 0.5}, angular: {z: 0.05}"

Now you should have your robot moving in the simulation.

Note:?Don't forget to press the play button in the simulation.

The command specifies the topic to publish to after the?-t?option. After the?-m?we specify the message type. Our robot expects messages of type?Twist?which consists of two components,?linear?and?angular. After the?-p?option we specify the content (value) of the message: linear speed?x: 0.5?and angular speed?z: 0.05.

Hint:?You can know what every topic option does using this command:?gz topic -h

For more information about?Topics?and?Messages?in Gazebo check the?Transport library tutorials

Moving the robot using the keyboard（使用按键遥控机器人示例）

Instead of sending messages from the terminal we will send messages using the keyboard keys. To do so we will add two new plugins:?KeyPublisher?and?TriggeredPublisher.

KeyPublisher

KeyPublisher?is an?gz-gui?plugin that reads the keyboard's keystrokes and sends them on a default topic?/keyboard/keypress. Let's try this plugin as follows:

• In one terminal type

  gz sim building_robot.sdf

• In the top right corner click on the plugins dropdown list (vertical ellipsis), click the Key Publisher.

• In another terminal type

  gz topic -e -t /keyboard/keypress

The last command will display all messages sent on?/keyboard/keypress?topic.

In the Gazebo window press different keys and you should see data (numbers) on the terminal where you run the?gz topic -e -t /keyboard/keypress?command.

We want to map these keystrokes into messages of type?Twist?and publish them to the?/cmd_vel?topic which our model listens to. The?TriggeredPublisher?plugin will do this.

Triggered Publisher

The?TriggeredPublisher?plugin publishes a user specified message on an output topic in response to an input message that matches user specified criteria. Let's add the following code under the?<world>?tag:

<!-- Moving Forward-->
<plugin filename="gz-sim-triggered-publisher-system"
        name="gz::sim::systems::TriggeredPublisher">
    <input type="gz.msgs.Int32" topic="/keyboard/keypress">
        <match field="data">16777235</match>
    </input>
    <output type="gz.msgs.Twist" topic="/cmd_vel">
        linear: {x: 0.5}, angular: {z: 0.0}
    </output>
</plugin>

This code defines the?triggered-publisher?plugin. It accepts messages of type?gz.msgs.Int32?on the?/keyboard/keypress?topic and if the value in the?data?field matches?16777235(Up arrow key) it outputs a?Twist?message on the?cmd_vel?topic with values?x: 0.5,?z: 0.0.

Now launch?building_robot.sdf?then add the Key Publisher plugin and our robot should move forward as we press the Up arrow key ↑ (make sure you start the simulation by pressing the play button to see the robot move forward after pressing the Up arrow key).

There is a demo explaining how the?Triggered Publisher?works.

Moving using arrow keys

To see what values are sent on the?/keyboard/keypress?topic when pressing the arrows we can use the?--echo?or?-e?option

• Run the model in one terminal:

  gz sim building_robot.sdf

• In the top right corner click on the plugins dropdown list (vertical ellipsis), click the Key Publisher.

• In another terminal run the following command:

  gz topic -e -t /keyboard/keypress

Start pressing the arrows keys and see what values they give:

• Left ← : 16777234
• Up ↑ : 16777235
• Right → : 16777236
• Down ↓ : 16777237

We will add the?Triggered publisher?plugin for each arrow key. For example, the Down arrow:

<!-- Moving Backward-->
<plugin filename="gz-sim-triggered-publisher-system"
        name="gz::sim::systems::TriggeredPublisher">
    <input type="gz.msgs.Int32" topic="/keyboard/keypress">
        <match field="data">16777237</match>
    </input>
    <output type="gz.msgs.Twist" topic="/cmd_vel">
        linear: {x: -0.5}, angular: {z: 0.0}
    </output>
</plugin>

Map each arrow (key stroke) with the desired message (movement) as we did with the backward arrow:

• Left ? 16777234 ? linear: {x: 0.0}, angular: {z: 0.5}
• Up ? 16777235 ? linear: {x: 0.5}, angular: {z: 0.0}
• Right ? 16777236 ? linear: {x: 0.0}, angular: {z: -0.5}
• Down ? 16777237 ? linear: {x: -0.5}, angular: {z: 0.0}

Now it's your turn try to make the robot move using different keys.

In the?next tutorial, you'll learn to create your own simulated world with SDF.

Video walk-through

A video walk-through of this tutorial is available from our YouTube channel:?Gazebo tutorials: Moving robot.