Django创建投票应用

发布时间：2023年12月28日

目录

创建应用

创建模型mysite\\polls\\models.py

激活模型mysite\\setting.py

为模型的改变生成迁移文件

应用数据库迁移

创建管理员账号

管理投票应用mysite\\polls\\admin.py

添加视图mysite\\polls\\views.py

添加路径mysite\\polls\\urls.py

创建模版mysite\\polls\\templates\\polls\\index.html

启动开发服务器python manage.py runserver

关于数据库配置，更多内容请看在Django中配置PostgreSQL-CSDN博客

创建应用

python manage.py startapp polls

创建模型
mysite\\polls\\models.py

from django.db import models


class Question(models.Model):

????question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)

????pub_date = models.DateTimeField("date published")

??
class Choice(models.Model):

????question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

????choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)

????votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

激活模型
mysite\\setting.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [

????"polls.apps.PollsConfig",

????"django.contrib.admin",
????"django.contrib.auth",
????"django.contrib.contenttypes",
????"django.contrib.sessions",
????"django.contrib.messages",
????"django.contrib.staticfiles",

]

为模型的改变生成迁移文件

python manage.py makemigrations polls


应用数据库迁移

python manage.py migrate


创建管理员账号

python manage.py createsuperuser

管理投票应用
mysite\\polls\\admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Question,Choice

# class ChoiceInline(admin.StackedInline):

# ????model = Choice

# ????extra = 3

# 通过?TabularInline?（替代?StackedInline?） ?单行显示关联

class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline):

????model = Choice

????extra = 3

??

class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

????fieldsets = [

????????(None, {"fields": ["question_text"]}),

????????("Date information", {"fields": ["pub_date"], "classes": ["collapse"]}),

????]

????inlines = [ChoiceInline]

??
??

admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)

添加视图
mysite\\polls\\views.py

from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404,HttpResponseRedirect
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.urls import reverse
from .models import Question,Choice

def index(request):
????latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by("-pub_date")[:5]
????template = "polls/index.html"
????context = {
????????"latest_question_list": latest_question_list,
????}
????return render(request,template,context)

def detail(request,question_id):
????question = get_object_or_404(Question,pk=question_id)
????template = "polls/detail.html"
????context = {
????????"question":question,
????}

????return render(request,template,context)

def results(request, question_id):
????question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
????template = "polls/results.html"
????context = {
????????"question": question,
????}

????return render(request,template,context)

def vote(request, question_id):
????question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
????try:
????????selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST["choice"])
????except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
?? ?????template = "polls/detail.html"
?? ?????context = {
????????????????"question": question,
????????????????"error_message": "You didn't select a choice.",
?? ?????}
????????return render(request,template,context)
????else:

????????selected_choice.votes += 1
????????selected_choice.save()

????????return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse("polls:results", args=(question.id,)))

添加路径
mysite\\polls\\urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name = "polls"
urlpatterns = [
????path("", views.index, name="index"),
????path("<int:question_id>/", views.detail, name="detail"),
????path("<int:question_id>/results/", views.results, name="results"),
????path("<int:question_id>/vote/", views.vote, name="vote"),
]

mysite\\urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include

urlpatterns = [
????path("polls/",include("polls.urls")),
????path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
]

创建模版
mysite\\polls\\templates\\polls\\index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="zh">

<head>

????<meta charset="UTF-8">

????<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

????<title>Document</title>

</head>

??

<body>

????{% if latest_question_list %}

????<ul>

????????{% for question in latest_question_list %}

????????<li><a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>

????????{% endfor %}

????</ul>

????{% else %}

????<p>No polls are available.</p>

????{% endif %}

</body>

</html>

mysite\\polls\\templates\\polls\\detail.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="zh">

<head>

????<meta charset="UTF-8">

????<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

????<title>Document</title>

</head>


<body>

????<form action="{% url 'polls:vote' question.id %}" method="post">

????????{% csrf_token %}

????????<fieldset>

????????????<legend>

????????????????<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>

????????????</legend>

????????????{% if error_message %}<p><strong>{{ error_message }}</strong></p>{% endif %}

????????????{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}

????????????<input type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}" value="{{ choice.id }}">

????????????<label for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">{{ choice.choice_text }}</label><br>

????????????{% endfor %}

????????</fieldset>

????????<input type="submit" value="Vote">

????</form>

??

</body>

</html>

mysite\\polls\\templates\\polls\\results.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="zh">

<head>

? ? <meta charset="UTF-8">

? ? <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

? ? <title>Document</title>

</head>

<body>

? ? <h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>

  

? ? <ul>

? ? ? ? {% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}

? ? ? ? <li>{{ choice.choice_text }} -- {{ choice.votes }} vote{{ choice.votes|pluralize }}</li>

? ? ? ? {% endfor %}

? ? </ul>

? ? <a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">Vote again?</a>

</body>

</html>

启动开发服务器
python manage.py runserver

管理地址
http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/
应用地址
http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/

文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/Q1780020/article/details/135238724
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