【STM32】STM32学习笔记-USART串口手法HEX和文本数据包(29)

00. 目录

01. 串口简介

串口通讯(Serial Communication)是一种设备间非常常用的串行通讯方式，因为它简单便捷，因此大部分电子设备都支持该通讯方式， 电子工程师在调试设备时也经常使用该通讯方式输出调试信息。

在计算机科学里，大部分复杂的问题都可以通过分层来简化。如芯片被分为内核层和片上外设；STM32标准库则是在寄存器与用户代码之间的软件层。 对于通讯协议，我们也以分层的方式来理解，最基本的是把它分为物理层和协议层。物理层规定通讯系统中具有机械、电子功能部分的特性， 确保原始数据在物理媒体的传输。协议层主要规定通讯逻辑，统一收发双方的数据打包、解包标准。 简单来说物理层规定我们用嘴巴还是用肢体来交流，协议层则规定我们用中文还是英文来交流。

02. 串口收发HEX数据包接线图

03. 串口收发HEX数据包示例1

uart.h

#ifndef __UART_H__
#define __UART_H__

#include "stm32f10x.h"    

extern uint8_t recvPacket[];


void uart_init(void);

void uart_send_byte(uint8_t byte);

void uart_send_array(uint8_t *arr, uint16_t len);


void uart_send_string(char *str);

void uart_send_number(uint32_t num, uint8_t len);

void uart_printf(char *format, ...);

uint8_t uart_getRxFlag(void);


uint8_t uart_getRxData(void);

void uart_send_packet(uint8_t arr[], int len);


#endif /**/

uart.c

#include "uart.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

uint8_t recvData;
uint8_t recvFlag;

uint8_t recvPacket[32];

void uart_init(void)
{
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStruct;
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStruct;
	
	
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1, ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);

	//GPIO初始化  PA9 TX
	GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
	GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
	
	//GPIO初始化  PA10 RX
	GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
	GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

	USART_InitStruct.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
	USART_InitStruct.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	USART_InitStruct.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Tx | USART_Mode_Rx;
	USART_InitStruct.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
	USART_InitStruct.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
	USART_InitStruct.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
	
	USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStruct);
	
	//设置串口中断
	USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
	
	//设置中断分组
	NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
	NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStruct);
	
	USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
}

void uart_send_byte(uint8_t byte)
{
	USART_SendData(USART1, byte);
	
	while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
}


void uart_send_array(uint8_t *arr, uint16_t len)
{
	uint16_t i;
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		uart_send_byte(arr[i]);
	}
}


void uart_send_string(char *str)
{
	uint16_t i = 0;
	
	while(*(str + i) != '\0')
	{
		uart_send_byte(str[i]);
		i++;
	}
}

//x的y次方
uint32_t uart_pow(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
{
	uint32_t result = 1;
	
	while(y)
	{
		result *= x;
		y--;
	}
	
	return result;
}

void uart_send_number(uint32_t num, uint8_t len)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		uart_send_byte(num / uart_pow(10, len - i - 1) % 10 + '0');
	}
	
}

int fputc(int ch, FILE *fp)
{
	uart_send_byte(ch);
	
	return ch;
}


void uart_printf(char *format, ...)
{
	char str[128];
	
	va_list arg;
	va_start(arg, format);
	vsprintf(str, format, arg);
	va_end(arg);
	
	uart_send_string(str);
}

void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
	static uint8_t recvState = 0;
	static uint8_t i = 0;
	
	if (USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) == SET)
	{
		recvData = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
		
		//状态机
		if (0 == recvState)
		{
			if (recvData == 0xFF)
			{
				recvState = 1;
				i = 0;
			}
		}
		else if (1 == recvState)
		{
			recvPacket[i] = recvData;
			i++;
			
			if (i >= 4)
			{
				recvState = 2;
			}
		} 
		else if (2 == recvState)
		{
			if (recvData == 0xFE)
			{
				i = 0;
				recvState = 0;
				recvFlag = 1;
			}
		
		}

		
	
		USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE);
	}

}

uint8_t uart_getRxFlag(void)
{
	if (1 == recvFlag)
	{
		recvFlag = 0;
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}


uint8_t uart_getRxData(void)
{
	return recvData;
}


//发送HEX报文数据
void uart_send_packet(uint8_t arr[], int len)
{
	//发送报文 FF
	uart_send_byte(0xFF);
	
	
	uart_send_array(arr, len);
	
	//发送报尾
	uart_send_byte(0xFE);	
}

main.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include "delay.h"
#include "oled.h"
#include "uart.h"


 int main(void)
 {	 
	 
	 uint8_t arr[] = {0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4};
	 OLED_Init();
	 
	 uart_init();
	 
	 //中断分组
	 NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);

	 OLED_ShowChar(1, 1, 'A');

	
	 uart_send_packet(arr, 4);
		 
	 while(1)
	 {
		 if (1 == uart_getRxData())
		 {
			OLED_ShowHexNum(1, 1, recvPacket[0], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(1, 4, recvPacket[1], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(1, 7, recvPacket[2], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(1, 10, recvPacket[3], 2);			 
		 }	 
	 }
	 
	 return 0;
 }


 

04. 串口收发HEX数据包示例2

uart.h

#ifndef __UART_H__
#define __UART_H__

#include "stm32f10x.h"    

extern uint8_t recvPacket[];


void uart_init(void);

void uart_send_byte(uint8_t byte);

void uart_send_array(uint8_t *arr, uint16_t len);


void uart_send_string(char *str);

void uart_send_number(uint32_t num, uint8_t len);

void uart_printf(char *format, ...);

uint8_t uart_getRxFlag(void);


uint8_t uart_getRxData(void);

void uart_send_packet(uint8_t arr[], int len);


#endif /**/

uart.c

#include "uart.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

uint8_t recvData;
uint8_t recvFlag;

uint8_t recvPacket[32];

void uart_init(void)
{
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStruct;
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStruct;
	
	
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1, ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);

	//GPIO初始化  PA9 TX
	GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
	GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
	
	//GPIO初始化  PA10 RX
	GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
	GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

	USART_InitStruct.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
	USART_InitStruct.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	USART_InitStruct.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Tx | USART_Mode_Rx;
	USART_InitStruct.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
	USART_InitStruct.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
	USART_InitStruct.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
	
	USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStruct);
	
	//设置串口中断
	USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
	
	//设置中断分组
	NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
	NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStruct);
	
	USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
}

void uart_send_byte(uint8_t byte)
{
	USART_SendData(USART1, byte);
	
	while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
}


void uart_send_array(uint8_t *arr, uint16_t len)
{
	uint16_t i;
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		uart_send_byte(arr[i]);
	}
}


void uart_send_string(char *str)
{
	uint16_t i = 0;
	
	while(*(str + i) != '\0')
	{
		uart_send_byte(str[i]);
		i++;
	}
}

//x的y次方
uint32_t uart_pow(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
{
	uint32_t result = 1;
	
	while(y)
	{
		result *= x;
		y--;
	}
	
	return result;
}

void uart_send_number(uint32_t num, uint8_t len)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		uart_send_byte(num / uart_pow(10, len - i - 1) % 10 + '0');
	}
	
}

int fputc(int ch, FILE *fp)
{
	uart_send_byte(ch);
	
	return ch;
}


void uart_printf(char *format, ...)
{
	char str[128];
	
	va_list arg;
	va_start(arg, format);
	vsprintf(str, format, arg);
	va_end(arg);
	
	uart_send_string(str);
}

void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
	static uint8_t recvState = 0;
	static uint8_t i = 0;
	
	if (USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) == SET)
	{
		uint8_t recvData1 = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
		
		//状态机
		if (0 == recvState)
		{
			if (recvData1 == 0xFF)
			{
				recvState = 1;
				i = 0;
			}
		}
		else if (1 == recvState)
		{
			recvPacket[i] = recvData1;
			i++;
			
			if (i >= 4)
			{
				recvState = 2;
			}
		} 
		else if (2 == recvState)
		{
			if (recvData1 == 0xFE)
			{
				recvState = 0;
				recvFlag = 1;
			}
		
		}

		
		USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE);
	}
}

uint8_t uart_getRxFlag(void)
{
	if (1 == recvFlag)
	{
		recvFlag = 0;
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}


uint8_t uart_getRxData(void)
{
	return recvData;
}


//发送HEX报文数据
void uart_send_packet(uint8_t arr[], int len)
{
	//发送报文 FF
	uart_send_byte(0xFF);
	
	
	uart_send_array(arr, len);
	
	//发送报尾
	uart_send_byte(0xFE);	
}

main.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include "delay.h"
#include "oled.h"
#include "uart.h"
#include "key.h"


 int main(void)
 {	 
	 
	 uint8_t arr[] = {0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4};

	 

	 
	 //中断分组
	 NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);

	 key_init();
	 
	 uart_init();
	 
	OLED_Init();
	 
	 
	 OLED_ShowString(1, 1, "TxPacket");
	 OLED_ShowString(3, 1, "RxPacket");

 
	 while(1)
	 {
		 if (1 == key_scan())
		 {
			arr[0]++;
			arr[1]++; 
			arr[2]++;
			arr[3]++;
			 
			uart_send_packet(arr, 4); 
			
			OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 1, arr[0], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 4, arr[1], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 7, arr[2], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 10, arr[3], 2);			 
		 } 
		 if (1 == uart_getRxData())
		 {
			OLED_ShowHexNum(4, 1, recvPacket[0], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(4, 4, recvPacket[1], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(4, 7, recvPacket[2], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(4, 10, recvPacket[3], 2);			 
		 }	 
	 }
	 
	 return 0;
 }

05. 串口收发文本数据包接线图

06. 串口收发文本数据包示例

uart.h

#ifndef __SERIAL_H
#define __SERIAL_H

#include <stdio.h>

extern uint8_t Serial_TxPacket[];
extern uint8_t Serial_RxPacket[];
extern uint8_t Serial_RxFlag;

void Serial_Init(void);
void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte);
void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array, uint16_t Length);
void Serial_SendString(char *String);
void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length);
void Serial_Printf(char *format, ...);

void Serial_SendPacket(void);


#endif

uart.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>


uint8_t Serial_TxPacket[4];				//FF 01 02 03 04 FE
char Serial_RxPacket[100];
uint8_t Serial_RxFlag;

void Serial_Init(void)
{
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1, ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Tx | USART_Mode_Rx;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
	
	USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
	
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
	
	USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
}

void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte)
{
	USART_SendData(USART1, Byte);
	while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
}

void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array, uint16_t Length)
{
	uint16_t i;
	for (i = 0; i < Length; i ++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(Array[i]);
	}
}

void Serial_SendString(char *String)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for (i = 0; String[i] != '\0'; i ++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(String[i]);
	}
}

uint32_t Serial_Pow(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y)
{
	uint32_t Result = 1;
	while (Y --)
	{
		Result *= X;
	}
	return Result;
}

void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length)
{
	uint8_t i;
	for (i = 0; i < Length; i ++)
	{
		Serial_SendByte(Number / Serial_Pow(10, Length - i - 1) % 10 + '0');
	}
}

int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
	Serial_SendByte(ch);
	return ch;
}

void Serial_Printf(char *format, ...)
{
	char String[100];
	va_list arg;
	va_start(arg, format);
	vsprintf(String, format, arg);
	va_end(arg);
	Serial_SendString(String);
}


void Serial_SendPacket(void)
{
	Serial_SendByte(0xFF);
	Serial_SendArray(Serial_TxPacket, 4);
	Serial_SendByte(0xFE);
}


void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
	static uint8_t RxState = 0;
	static uint8_t pRxPacket = 0;
	if (USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) == SET)
	{
		uint8_t RxData = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
		
		if (RxState == 0)
		{
			if (RxData == '@' && 0 == Serial_RxFlag)
			{
				RxState = 1;
				pRxPacket = 0;
			}
		}
		else if (RxState == 1)
		{

			if (RxData == '\r')
			{
				RxState = 2;
				
			}
			else
			{
				Serial_RxPacket[pRxPacket] = RxData;
				pRxPacket ++;
			}
		}
		else if (RxState == 2)
		{
			if (RxData == '\n')
			{
				RxState = 0;
				Serial_RxPacket[pRxPacket] = '\0';
				Serial_RxFlag = 1;
			}
		}
		
		USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE);
	}
}

main.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
#include "OLED.h"
#include "Serial.h"
#include "LED.h"

#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
	OLED_Init();
		LED_Init();
	Serial_Init();

	
	OLED_ShowString(1, 1, "TxPacket");
	OLED_ShowString(3, 1, "RxPacket");
	
	
	while (1)
	{
		
		if (Serial_RxFlag == 1)
		{
			OLED_ShowString(4, 1, "                     ");
			OLED_ShowString(4, 1, Serial_RxPacket);
			
			if (strcmp(Serial_RxPacket, "LED_ON") == 0)
			{
				LED1_ON();
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "                     ");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "LED_ON_OK");
				Serial_SendString("LED_ON_OK\r\n");
			}
			else if (strcmp(Serial_RxPacket, "LED_OFF") == 0)
			{
				LED1_OFF();
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "                     ");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "LED_OFF_OK");	
				Serial_SendString("LED_OFF_OK\r\n");				
			}
			else
			{
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "                     ");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "ERROR_COMMAND");	
				Serial_SendString("ERROR_COMMAND\r\n");				
			}
			
			Serial_RxFlag = 0;
		}
	}
}

07. 程序示例下载

24-UART收发HEX数据包

25-UART收发HEX数据包2.rar

26-UART收发文本数据包.rar

08. 附录

参考: 【STM32】江科大STM32学习笔记汇总