JavaWeb的三大组件之一,三大组件为:Servlet、Filter、Listener。
过滤器相当于浏览器与Web资源之间的一道过滤网,在访问资源之前通过一系列的过滤器对请求 进行修改、判断以及拦截等,也可以对响应进行修改、判断以及拦截等。
创建空工程,在工程中创建javaEE模块
配置中设置tomcat的部署
使用了jstl,所以需要添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
编写login界面
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="loginServlet" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="userName"><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<span style="color:red"><%--错误提示--%>
<c:if test="${requestScope.error != null}">
${requestScope.error}
</c:if>
</span><br>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>
LoginServlet:
package com.example.login_demo01;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(name = "LoginServlet", value = "/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1、获取页面传递的用户名和密码
String userName = request.getParameter("userName");
System.out.println("接收到的用户名为:" + userName);
String password = request.getParameter("password");
System.out.println("接收到的密码为:" + password);
//2、使用固定的用户名和密码进行登录校验
if ("admin".equals(userName) && "12345".equals(password)){
System.out.println("登录成功,欢迎使用!");
//在session中存储用户名
request.getSession().setAttribute("userName", userName);
response.sendRedirect("main.jsp");
}else {
System.out.println("用户名或者密码错误,请重新输入!");
request.setAttribute("error", "用户名或者密码错误,请重新输入!");
request.getRequestDispatcher("login.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
}
}
main.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>主界面</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1><c:out value="登录成功,欢迎${sessionScope.userName}!"></c:out></h1>
</body>
</html>
上述代码部署完毕后,直接访问登录界面 http://localhost:8080/login_demo01/login.jsp 并没有问题,但若更换浏览器,再直接访问主界面 http://localhost:8080/login_demo01/main.jsp ,则会直接跳转到主界面,这种状态显然不合理。如下图:
由于request中没有值,并不能显示用户名。
LoginFilter
package com.example.login_demo01;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebFilter(filterName = "LoginFilter", urlPatterns = "/main.jsp")
public class LoginFilter implements Filter {
public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
}
public void destroy() {
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
/**用户访问主界面过滤,只有登录的才能访问,没登录的都拦截**/
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpSession session = httpServletRequest.getSession();
Object userName = session.getAttribute("userName");
//获取servlet请求路径
String servletPath = httpServletRequest.getServletPath();
System.out.println(servletPath);
//没登录,返回登录界面,已登录的放行
if (null == userName && !servletPath.contains("login")){
request.getRequestDispatcher("login.jsp").forward(request, response);
}else {
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
}
使用一个浏览器登录成功后,再更换另一个浏览器,则会直接跳转到登录界面。
添加一个模块,并配置tomcat
注解添加两个过滤器
AFilter
package com.example.filterchain_demo02;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebFilter(filterName = "AFilter", urlPatterns = "/")
public class AFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
Filter.super.init(filterConfig);
System.out.println(filterConfig.getFilterName() + "初始化了~");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("请求经过了AFilter...");
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
System.out.println("响应经过了AFilter...");
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
Filter.super.destroy();
System.out.println("AFilter 销毁了...");
}
}
BFilter
package com.example.filterchain_demo02;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebFilter(filterName = "BFilter", urlPatterns = "/")
public class BFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
Filter.super.init(filterConfig);
System.out.println(filterConfig.getFilterName() + "初始化了~");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("请求经过了BFilter...");
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
System.out.println("响应经过了BFilter...");
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
Filter.super.destroy();
System.out.println("BFilter 销毁了...");
}
}