数据分片概述、环境准备、部署MyCAT服务、全局表、分片表、ER表

1 案例1：部署mycat服务

1.1 问题

1. 把主机mysql60 配置为 MySQL59 的从服务器
2. 把主机mysql62 配置为 MySQL61 的从服务器
3. 把主机mycat63 配置为mycat服务器
4. 客户端192.168.88.50访问mycat服务

1.2 方案

准备6台虚拟机，具体配置如表-1

1.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：把MySQL60配置为MySQL59的从服务器

1）配置主服务器MySQL59

    //启用binlog日志
    [root@mysql59 ~]# yum –y  install mysql-server  mysql
    [root@mysql59 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
    [root@mysql59 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf
    [mysqld]
    server-id=59
    log-bin=mysql59
    :wq
    [root@mysql59 ~]# systemctl  restart mysqld
    //用户授权
    [root@mysql59 ~]# mysql
    mysql> create user repluser@"%" identified by "123qqq...A"; 创建用户
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
    mysql> grant replication slave on *.*  to repluser@"%"; 授予权限
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
    //查看日志信息
    mysql> show master status;
    +----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
    | File           | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
    +----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
    | mysql59.000001 |      667 |              |                  |                   |
    +----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2）配置slave服务器MySQL60

    //指定server-id 并重启数据库服务
    [root@mysql60 ~]# yum –y  install mysql-serv    er  mysql
    [root@mysql60 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
    [root@mysql60 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf
    [mysqld]
    server-id=60
    :wq
    [root@mysql60 ~]# systemctl  restart mysqld
    //登陆服务指定主服务器信息
    [root@mysql60 ~]# mysql
    mysql> change master to  master_host="192.168.88.59" , master_user="repluser" , master_password="123qqq...A" ,master_log_file="mysql59.000001" , master_log_pos=667;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 8 warnings (0.34 sec)
    //启动slave进程
    mysql> start slave ; 
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.04 sec)
    //查看状态信息
    mysql> show slave status \G  
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
                   Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
                      Master_Host: 192.168.88.59
                      Master_User: repluser
                      Master_Port: 3306
                    Connect_Retry: 60
                  Master_Log_File: mysql59.000001
              Read_Master_Log_Pos: 667
                   Relay_Log_File: mysql60-relay-bin.000002
                    Relay_Log_Pos: 322
            Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql59.000001
                 Slave_IO_Running: Yes   //IO线程
                Slave_SQL_Running: Yes   //SQL线程
                  Replicate_Do_DB: 
              Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
               Replicate_Do_Table: 
           Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
          Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                       Last_Errno: 0
                       Last_Error: 
                     Skip_Counter: 0
              Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 667
                  Relay_Log_Space: 533
                  Until_Condition: None
                   Until_Log_File: 
                    Until_Log_Pos: 0
               Master_SSL_Allowed: No
               Master_SSL_CA_File: 
               Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
                  Master_SSL_Cert: 
                Master_SSL_Cipher: 
                   Master_SSL_Key: 
            Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
    Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                    Last_IO_Errno: 0
                    Last_IO_Error: 
                   Last_SQL_Errno: 0
                   Last_SQL_Error: 
      Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
                 Master_Server_Id: 59
                      Master_UUID: 38c02165-005e-11ee-bd2d-525400007271
                 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                        SQL_Delay: 0
              SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
          Slave_SQL_Running_State: Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
               Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                      Master_Bind: 
          Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
         Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
                   Master_SSL_Crl: 
               Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
               Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
                Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                    Auto_Position: 0
             Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                     Channel_Name: 
               Master_TLS_Version: 
           Master_public_key_path: 
            Get_master_public_key: 0
                Network_Namespace: 
    1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
    mysql>

步骤二：把MySQL62配置为MySQL61的从服务器

1）配置主服务器MySQL61

    //启用binlog日志
    [root@mysql61 ~]# yum –y  install mysql-server  mysql
    [root@mysql61 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
    [root@mysql61 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf
    [mysqld]
    server-id=61
    log-bin=mysql61
    :wq
    [root@mysql61 ~]# systemctl  restart mysqld
    //用户授权
    [root@mysql61 ~]# mysql
    mysql> create user repluser@"%" identified by "123qqq...A"; 创建用户
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
    mysql> grant replication slave on *.*  to repluser@"%"; 授予权限
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
    //查看日志信息
    mysql> show master status;
    +----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
    | File           | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
    +----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
    | mysql61.000001 |      667 |              |                  |                   |
    +----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2）配置slave服务器MySQL62

    //指定server-id 并重启数据库服务
    [root@mysql62 ~]# yum –y  install mysql-server  mysql
    [root@mysql62 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
    [root@mysql62 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf
    [mysqld]
    server-id=62
    :wq
    [root@mysql62 ~]# systemctl  restart mysqld
    //登陆服务指定主服务器信息
    [root@mysql62 ~]# mysql
    mysql> change master to  master_host="192.168.88.61" , master_user="repluser" , master_password="123qqq...A" ,master_log_file="mysql61.000001" , master_log_pos=667;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 8 warnings (0.34 sec)
    //启动slave进程
    mysql> start slave ; 
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.04 sec)
    //查看状态信息
    mysql> show slave status \G  
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
                   Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
                      Master_Host: 192.168.88.61
                      Master_User: repluser
                      Master_Port: 3306
                    Connect_Retry: 60
                  Master_Log_File: mysql61.000001
              Read_Master_Log_Pos: 667
                   Relay_Log_File: mysql62-relay-bin.000002
                    Relay_Log_Pos: 322
            Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql61.000001
                 Slave_IO_Running: Yes   //IO线程
                Slave_SQL_Running: Yes   //SQL线程
                  Replicate_Do_DB: 
              Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
               Replicate_Do_Table: 
           Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
          Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                       Last_Errno: 0
                       Last_Error: 
                     Skip_Counter: 0
              Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 667
                  Relay_Log_Space: 533
                  Until_Condition: None
                   Until_Log_File: 
                    Until_Log_Pos: 0
               Master_SSL_Allowed: No
               Master_SSL_CA_File: 
               Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
                  Master_SSL_Cert: 
                Master_SSL_Cipher: 
                   Master_SSL_Key: 
            Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
    Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                    Last_IO_Errno: 0
                    Last_IO_Error: 
                   Last_SQL_Errno: 0
                   Last_SQL_Error: 
      Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
                 Master_Server_Id: 61
                      Master_UUID: 38c02165-005e-11ee-bd2d-525400007271
                 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                        SQL_Delay: 0
              SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
          Slave_SQL_Running_State: Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
               Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                      Master_Bind: 
          Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
         Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
                   Master_SSL_Crl: 
               Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
               Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
                Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                    Auto_Position: 0
             Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                     Channel_Name: 
               Master_TLS_Version: 
           Master_public_key_path: 
            Get_master_public_key: 0
                Network_Namespace: 
    1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
    mysql>

步骤三：把主机mycat63配置为mycat服务器。

1)拷贝软件到mycat63主机

    [root@server1 ~]# scp /linux-soft/s3/mycat2-1.21-release-jar-with-dependencies.jar  root@192.168.88.63:/root/
    [root@server1 ~]# scp /linux-soft/s3/mycat2-install-template-1.21.zip  root@192.168.88.63:/root/

2)安装mycat软件

    //安装jdk
    [root@mycat63 ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64
    //安装mycat
    [root@mycat63 ~]# which unzip || yum -y  install unzip
    [root@mycat63 ~]# unzip mycat2-install-template-1.21.zip
    [root@mycat63 ~]# mv mycat /usr/local/
    //安装依赖
    [root@mycat63 ~]# cp mycat2-1.21-release-jar-with-dependencies.jar  /usr/local/mycat/lib/
    //修改权限
    [root@mycat63 ~]# chmod -R 777 /usr/local/mycat/ 

3)定义客户端连接时使用的用户：

    [root@mycat63 ~]# vim  /usr/local/mycat/conf/users/root.user.json
    {
            "dialect":"mysql",
            "ip":null,
            "password":"654321",
            "transactionType":"proxy",
            "username":"mycat"
    }
    :wq

定义连接的数据库服务?

    [root@mycat63 ~]# vim  /usr/local/mycat/conf/datasources/prototypeDs.data
    {
            "dbType":"mysql",
            "idleTimeout":60000,
            "initSqls":[],
            "initSqlsGetConnection":true,
            "instanceType":"READ_WRITE",
            "maxCon":1000,
            "maxConnectTimeout":3000,
            "maxRetryCount":5,
            "minCon":1,
            "name":"prototypeDs",
            "password":"123456", 密码
            "type":"JDBC",
            "url":"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&characterEncoding=UTF-8", 连接本机的数据库服务
            "user":"plj", 用户名
            "weight":0
    }
    :wq

5)在mycat63主机运行数据库服务

    [root@mycat63 ~]# yum -y  install  mysql-server  mysql
    [root@mycat63 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
    //创建plj用户
    [root@mycat63 ~]# mysql
    mysql> create user plj@"%" identified by "123456"; 创建用户
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
    mysql> grant all on *.* to plj@"%" ; 授予权限
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.39 sec)
    mysql> exit
    Bye
    [root@mycat63 ~]#

6)启动mycat服务

    [root@mycat63 ~]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat help
    Usage: /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat { console | start | stop | restart | status | dump }
    [root@mycat63 ~]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat start
    Starting mycat2...
    //半分钟左右 能看到端口
    [root@mycat63 ~]# netstat  -utnlp  | grep 8066
    tcp6       0      0 :::8066  :::*       LISTEN      57015/java          
    [root@mycat63 ~]#

步骤四：连接mycat服务器

1）连接本机的mycat服务

    [root@mycat63 ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P8066 -umycat -p654321
    mysql> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | `Database`         |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    +--------------------+
    3 rows in set (0.11 sec)
    Mysql>

步骤五：添加数据源

1）连接本机的mycat服务，添加数据源

    [root@mycat63 ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P8066 -umycat -p654321
    //添加MySQL59
    MySQL>/*+ mycat:createdatasource{
    "name":"dw0", "url":"jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.59:3306","user":"plj","password":"123456"}*/;
    //添加MySQL60
    Mysql>/*+ mycat:createdatasource{
    "name":"dr0", "url":"jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.60:3306","user":"plj","password":"123456"}*/;
    //添加MySQL61
    Mysql>/*+ mycat:createdatasource{
    "name":"dw1", "url":"jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.61:3306","user":"plj","password":"123456"}*/;
    //添加MySQL62
    Mysql>/*+ mycat:createdatasource{
    "name":"dr1", "url":"jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.62:3306","user":"plj","password":"123456"}*/;
    Mysql>

?2）查看存放目录

    [root@mycat63 ~]# ls /usr/local/mycat/conf/datasources/
    dr0.datasource.json  dr1.datasource.json  dw0.datasource.json  dw1.datasource.json  prototypeDs.datasource.json

?3）查看数据信息

    mysql> /*+mycat:showDataSources{}*/ \G
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
                       NAME: dw0
                   USERNAME: plj
                   PASSWORD: 123456
                    MAX_CON: 1000
                    MIN_CON: 1
                  EXIST_CON: 0
                    USE_CON: 0
            MAX_RETRY_COUNT: 5
        MAX_CONNECT_TIMEOUT: 30000
                    DB_TYPE: mysql
                        URL: jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.59:3306?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true
                     WEIGHT: 0
                   INIT_SQL: 
    INIT_SQL_GET_CONNECTION: true
              INSTANCE_TYPE: READ_WRITE
               IDLE_TIMEOUT: 60000
                     DRIVER: {
            CreateTime:"2023-05-08 16:10:26",
            ActiveCount:0,
            PoolingCount:0,
            CreateCount:0,
            DestroyCount:0,
            CloseCount:0,
            ConnectCount:0,
            Connections:[
            ]
    }
                       TYPE: JDBC
                   IS_MYSQL: true
    *************************** 2. row ***************************
                       NAME: dw1
                   USERNAME: plj
                   PASSWORD: 123456
                    MAX_CON: 1000
                    MIN_CON: 1
                  EXIST_CON: 0
                    USE_CON: 0
            MAX_RETRY_COUNT: 5
        MAX_CONNECT_TIMEOUT: 30000
                    DB_TYPE: mysql
                        URL: jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.61:3306?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true
                     WEIGHT: 0
                   INIT_SQL: 
    INIT_SQL_GET_CONNECTION: true
              INSTANCE_TYPE: READ_WRITE
               IDLE_TIMEOUT: 60000
                     DRIVER: {
            CreateTime:"2023-05-08 16:10:26",
            ActiveCount:0,
            PoolingCount:0,
            CreateCount:0,
            DestroyCount:0,
            CloseCount:0,
            ConnectCount:0,
            Connections:[
            ]
    }
                       TYPE: JDBC
                   IS_MYSQL: true
    *************************** 3. row ***************************
                       NAME: dr0
                   USERNAME: plj
                   PASSWORD: 123456
                    MAX_CON: 1000
                    MIN_CON: 1
                  EXIST_CON: 0
                    USE_CON: 0
            MAX_RETRY_COUNT: 5
        MAX_CONNECT_TIMEOUT: 30000
                    DB_TYPE: mysql
                        URL: jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.61:3306?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true
                     WEIGHT: 0
                   INIT_SQL: 
    INIT_SQL_GET_CONNECTION: true
              INSTANCE_TYPE: READ_WRITE
               IDLE_TIMEOUT: 60000
                     DRIVER: {
            CreateTime:"2023-05-08 16:10:26",
            ActiveCount:0,
            PoolingCount:0,
            CreateCount:0,
            DestroyCount:0,
            CloseCount:0,
            ConnectCount:0,
            Connections:[
            ]
    }
                       TYPE: JDBC
                   IS_MYSQL: true
    *************************** 4. row ***************************
                       NAME: dr1
                   USERNAME: plj
                   PASSWORD: 123456
                    MAX_CON: 1000
                    MIN_CON: 1
                  EXIST_CON: 0
                    USE_CON: 0
            MAX_RETRY_COUNT: 5
        MAX_CONNECT_TIMEOUT: 30000
                    DB_TYPE: mysql
                        URL: jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.62:3306?useUnicode=true&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true
                     WEIGHT: 0
                   INIT_SQL: 
    INIT_SQL_GET_CONNECTION: true
              INSTANCE_TYPE: READ_WRITE
               IDLE_TIMEOUT: 60000
                     DRIVER: {
            CreateTime:"2023-05-08 16:10:26",
            ActiveCount:0,
            PoolingCount:0,
            CreateCount:0,
            DestroyCount:0,
            CloseCount:0,
            ConnectCount:0,
            Connections:[
            ]
    }
                       TYPE: JDBC
                   IS_MYSQL: true
    *************************** 5. row ***************************
                       NAME: prototypeDs
                   USERNAME: plj
                   PASSWORD: 123456
                    MAX_CON: 1000
                    MIN_CON: 1
                  EXIST_CON: 0
                    USE_CON: 0
            MAX_RETRY_COUNT: 5
        MAX_CONNECT_TIMEOUT: 3000
                    DB_TYPE: mysql
                        URL: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true
                     WEIGHT: 0
                   INIT_SQL: 
    INIT_SQL_GET_CONNECTION: true
              INSTANCE_TYPE: READ_WRITE
               IDLE_TIMEOUT: 60000
                     DRIVER: {
            CreateTime:"2023-05-08 16:10:26",
            ActiveCount:0,
            PoolingCount:0,
            CreateCount:0,
            DestroyCount:0,
            CloseCount:0,
            ConnectCount:0,
            Connections:[
            ]
    }
                       TYPE: JDBC
                   IS_MYSQL: true
    5 rows in set (0.07 sec)
    mysql>

步骤六：配置数据库服务器

1）在主服务器添加plj用户

    [root@mysql59 ~]# mysql 
    mysql> create user plj@"%" identified by "123456";
    Mysql> grant all on *.*  to plj@"%";
    [root@mysql61 ~]# mysql 
    mysql> create user plj@"%" identified by "123456";
    Mysql> grant all on *.*  to plj@"%";

?2）在从服务器查看用户是否同步

    [root@mysql60 ~]# mysql -e 'select user from mysql.user where user="plj"'
    +------+
    | user |
    +------+
    | plj  |
    +------+
    [root@mysql60 ~]# 
    [root@mysql62 ~]# mysql -e 'select user from mysql.user where user="plj"'
    +------+
    | user |
    +------+
    | plj  |
    +------+
    [root@host62 ~]#

步骤七：创建集群

1）连接本机的mycat服务,创建集群

    [root@mycat63 ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P8066 -umycat -p654321
    mysql> /*!mycat:createcluster{"name":"c0","masters":["dw0"],"replicas":["dr0"]}*/;
    mysql> /*!mycat:createcluster{"name":"c1","masters":["dw1"],"replicas":["dr1"]}*/;
    Mysql>

2）创建的集群保存在mycat安装目录下

    [root@MySQL63 ~]# ls /usr/local/mycat/conf/clusters/
    c0.cluster.json  c1.cluster.json  prototype.cluster.json
    [root@mycat63 ~]#

3）查看集群信息

    mysql> /*+ mycat:showClusters{}*/ \G
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
                 NAME: prototype
          SWITCH_TYPE: SWITCH
    MAX_REQUEST_COUNT: 200
                 TYPE: BALANCE_ALL
             WRITE_DS: prototypeDs
              READ_DS: prototypeDs
              WRITE_L: io.mycat.plug.loadBalance.BalanceRandom$1
               READ_L: io.mycat.plug.loadBalance.BalanceRandom$1
            AVAILABLE: true
    *************************** 2. row ***************************
                 NAME: c0
          SWITCH_TYPE: SWITCH
    MAX_REQUEST_COUNT: 2000
                 TYPE: BALANCE_ALL
             WRITE_DS: dw0
              READ_DS: dw0,dr0
              WRITE_L: io.mycat.plug.loadBalance.BalanceRandom$1
               READ_L: io.mycat.plug.loadBalance.BalanceRandom$1
            AVAILABLE: true
    *************************** 3. row ***************************
                 NAME: c1
          SWITCH_TYPE: SWITCH
    MAX_REQUEST_COUNT: 2000
                 TYPE: BALANCE_ALL
             WRITE_DS: dw1
              READ_DS: dw1,dr1
              WRITE_L: io.mycat.plug.loadBalance.BalanceRandom$1
               READ_L: io.mycat.plug.loadBalance.BalanceRandom$1
            AVAILABLE: true
    3 rows in set (0.03 sec)
    mysql>

2 案例2：测试配置

2.1 问题

• 练习全局表
• 练习分片表
• 练习ER表

2.2 方案

在客户端client50 连接mycat63 存储数据 ，验证mycat63的配置

2.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：练习全局表

全局表 数据会插入到两个库中，并且两个库中都有全部的数据。

    //在mycat63 连接本机的mycat服务建库
    [root@mycat63 ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -umycat -p654321 -P8066
    mysql> create database tarena;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.31 sec)
    mysql> exit
    Bye
    [root@mycat63 ~]# 

?配置文件存放位置

    [root@mycat63 ~]# ls /usr/local/mycat/conf/schemas/tarena.schema.json 
    /usr/local/mycat/conf/schemas/tarena.schema.json
    [root@mycat63 ~]# 

创建全局表

    //客户端client50 连接mycat63主机的 建表存储数据
    [root@client50 ~]# mysql -h192.168.88.63 -umycat -p654321 -P8066
    mysql> create table tarena.dept(dept_id int  , dept_name char(10),primary key(dept_id)) default charset utf8  broadcast;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (4.46 sec)
    //插入记录
    mysql> insert into tarena.dept values(1,"开发部"),(2,"运维部"),(3,"测试部");
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.23 sec)
    //查看记录
    mysql> select  * from tarena.dept;
    +---------+-----------+
    | dept_id | dept_name |
    +---------+-----------+
    |       1 | 开发部    |
    |       2 | 运维部    |
    |       3 | 测试部    |
    +---------+-----------+
    3 rows in set (0.33 sec)
    mysql> 

?在4台数据库服务器查看

    [root@mysql59 ~]# mysql -e 'select  * from tarena.dept'
    +---------+-----------+
    | dept_id | dept_name |
    +---------+-----------+
    |       1 | 开发部    |
    |       2 | 运维部    |
    |       3 | 测试部    |
    +---------+-----------+
    [root@host61 ~]# 
    [root@mysql60 ~]# mysql -e 'select  * from tarena.dept'
    +---------+-----------+
    | dept_id | dept_name |
    +---------+-----------+
    |       1 | 开发部    |
    |       2 | 运维部    |
    |       3 | 测试部    |
    +---------+-----------+
    [root@host62 ~]# 
    [root@mysql61 ~]# mysql -e 'select  * from tarena.dept'
    +---------+-----------+
    | dept_id | dept_name |
    +---------+-----------+
    |       1 | 开发部    |
    |       2 | 运维部    |
    |       3 | 测试部    |
    +---------+-----------+
    [root@host63 ~]# 
    [root@mysql62 ~]# mysql -e 'select  * from tarena.dept'
    +---------+-----------+
    | dept_id | dept_name |
    +---------+-----------+
    |       1 | 开发部    |
    |       2 | 运维部    |
    |       3 | 测试部    |
    +---------+-----------+

步骤二：练习分片表

dbpartition 定义分库使用的分片规则，

tbpartition 定义分表使用的分片规则。

mod_hash 分片规则，用employee_id表头的值做取模计算

tbpartitions 1 表的分片数量

dbpartitions 2 库的分片数量

    //连接mycat服务建表
    [root@client50 ~]# mysql -h192.168.88.63 -P8066 -umycat –p654321
    create table tarena.employees(
    employee_id  int  primary key,
    name char(10),dept_id int , 
    mail varchar(30)
    ) default charset utf8
    dbpartition BY mod_hash(employee_id) tbpartition BY mod_hash(employee_id) 
    tbpartitions 1 dbpartitions 2;

?在4台数据库服务器查看表

    [root@mysql59 ~]# mysql -e 'show databases'
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | sys                |
    | tarena             |
    | tarena_0           |
    +--------------------+
    [root@mysql59 ~]# mysql -e 'use tarena_0 ; show tables'
    +--------------------+
    | Tables_in_tarena_0 |
    +--------------------+
    | employees_0        |
    +--------------------+
    [root@host61 ~]# 
    [root@mysql60 ~]# mysql -e 'show databases'
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | sys                |
    | tarena             |
    | tarena_0           |
    +--------------------+
    [root@mysql60 ~]# mysql -e 'use tarena_0 ; show tables'
    +--------------------+
    | Tables_in_tarena_0 |
    +--------------------+
    | employees_0        |
    +--------------------+
    [root@host62 ~]# 
    [root@mysql61 ~]# mysql -e 'show databases'
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | sys                |
    | tarena             |
    | tarena_1           |
    +--------------------+
    [root@mysql61 ~]# mysql -e 'use tarena_1;show tables'
    +--------------------+
    | Tables_in_tarena_1 |
    +--------------------+
    | employees_1        |
    +--------------------+
    [root@host63 ~]# 
    [root@mysql62 ~]# mysql -e 'show databases'
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | sys                |
    | tarena             |
    | tarena_1           |
    +--------------------+
    [root@mysql62 ~]# mysql -e 'use tarena_1;show tables'
    +--------------------+
    | Tables_in_tarena_1 |
    +--------------------+
    | employees_1        |
    +--------------------+
    [root@host64 ~]#

存储数据

    [root@client50 ~]# mysql -h192.168.88.63 -P8066 -umycat –p654321
    mysql> insert into tarena.employees values (9,"a","1","a@163.com");
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)
    mysql> insert into tarena.employees values (8,"B","3","B@QQ.com");
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.13 sec)
    mysql> insert into tarena.employees values (7,"C","2","c@QQ.com");
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
    mysql> insert into tarena.employees values (6,"C","2","c@QQ.com");
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
    mysql> select  * from tarena.employees;
    +-------------+------+---------+-----------+
    | employee_id | name | dept_id | mail      |
    +-------------+------+---------+-----------+
    |           6 | C    |       2 | c@QQ.com  |
    |           8 | B    |       3 | B@QQ.com  |
    |           7 | C    |       2 | c@QQ.com  |
    |           9 | a    |       1 | a@163.com |
    +-------------+------+---------+-----------+
    4 rows in set (2.07 sec)

?在数据库服务器本机查看数据

    [root@mysql59 ~]# mysql -e 'select  * from tarena_0.employees_0'
    +-------------+------+---------+----------+
    | employee_id | name | dept_id | mail     |
    +-------------+------+---------+----------+
    |           6 | C    |       2 | c@QQ.com |
    |           8 | B    |       3 | B@QQ.com |
    +-------------+------+---------+----------+
    [root@mysql59 ~]# 
    [root@mysql60 ~]# mysql -e 'select  * from tarena_0.employees_0'
    +-------------+------+---------+----------+
    | employee_id | name | dept_id | mail     |
    +-------------+------+---------+----------+
    |           6 | C    |       2 | c@QQ.com |
    |           8 | B    |       3 | B@QQ.com |
    +-------------+------+---------+----------+
    [root@mysql60 ~]# 
    [root@mysql61 ~]# mysql -e 'select * from tarena_1.employees_1'
    +-------------+------+---------+-----------+
    | employee_id | name | dept_id | mail      |
    +-------------+------+---------+-----------+
    |           7 | C    |       2 | c@QQ.com  |
    |           9 | a    |       1 | a@163.com |
    +-------------+------+---------+-----------+
    [root@mysql61 ~]# 
    [root@mysql62 ~]# mysql -e 'select * from tarena_1.employees_1'
    +-------------+------+---------+-----------+
    | employee_id | name | dept_id | mail      |
    +-------------+------+---------+-----------+
    |           7 | C    |       2 | c@QQ.com  |
    |           9 | a    |       1 | a@163.com |
    +-------------+------+---------+-----------+
    [root@mysql62 ~]#

步骤三：练习ER表

ER表，称为关联表，表示数据逻辑上有关联性的两个或多个表，例如工资表和员工表。对于关联表，通常希望他们能够有相同的分片规则，这样在进行关联查询时，能够快速定位到同一个数据分片中。MyCat2中对于关联表，不需要有过多的声明，他可以根据分片规则自行判断。

1)连接mycat服务建表

    [root@client50 ~]# mysql -h192.168.88.63 -P8066 -umycat –p654321
    mysql> create table tarena.salary(
    employee_id int primary key, 
    p_date date , basic int , bonus int 
    ) DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 
    dbpartition BY mod_hash(employee_id) 
    tbpartition BY mod_hash(employee_id) tbpartitions 1;
    Query OK, 1 row affected (1.93 sec)

2）在MyCat2终端查看关联表关系。

    [root@mycat63 ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P8066 -umycat –p654321
    mysql> /*+ mycat:showErGroup{}*/ ;
    +---------+------------+-----------+
    | groupId | schemaName | tableName |
    +---------+------------+-----------+
    | 0       | tarena     | employees |
    | 0       | tarena     | salary    |
    +---------+------------+-----------+
    2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    mysql> 

3)在2台主服务器查看表

    [root@mysql59 ~]# mysql -e 'use tarena_0 ; show tables'
    +--------------------+
    | Tables_in_tarena_0 |
    +--------------------+
    | employees_0        |
    | salary_0           |
    +--------------------+
    [root@mysql59 ~]# 
    [root@mysql61 ~]# mysql -e 'use tarena_1;show tables'
    +--------------------+
    | Tables_in_tarena_1 |
    +--------------------+
    | employees_1        |
    | salary_1           |
    +--------------------+
    [root@mysql61~]# 

?4）插入数据

    [root@client50 ~]# mysql -h192.168.88.63 -P8066 -umycat –p654321 
    mysql> desc tarena.salary;
    +-------------+------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | Field       | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
    +-------------+------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    | employee_id | int  | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
    | p_date      | date | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
    | basic       | int  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
    | bonus       | int  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
    +-------------+------+------+-----+---------+-------+
    4 rows in set (0.07 sec)
    mysql> insert into tarena.salary values(6,20230110,20000,2000);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.28 sec)
    mysql> insert into tarena.salary values(7,20230210,25000,2500);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.21 sec)
    mysql> insert into tarena.salary values(8,20230310,30000,3000);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.26 sec)
    mysql> insert into tarena.salary values(9,20230410,35000,3500);
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
    mysql> select  * from tarena.salary;
    +-------------+------------+-------+-------+
    | employee_id | p_date     | basic | bonus |
    +-------------+------------+-------+-------+
    |           6 | 2023-01-10 | 20000 |  2000 |
    |           8 | 2023-03-10 | 30000 |  3000 |
    |           7 | 2023-02-10 | 25000 |  2500 |
    |           9 | 2023-04-10 | 35000 |  3500 |
    +-------------+------------+-------+-------+
    4 rows in set (0.16 sec)
    mysql> 

?5)在4台数据库服务器本机查看

    [root@mysql59 ~]# mysql -e 'select  * from tarena_0.employees_0'
    +-------------+------+---------+----------+
    | employee_id | name | dept_id | mail     |
    +-------------+------+---------+----------+
    |           6 | C    |       2 | c@QQ.com |
    |           8 | B    |       3 | B@QQ.com |
    +-------------+------+---------+----------+
    [root@mysql59 ~]#
    [root@mysql60 ~]# mysql -e 'select  * from tarena_0.salary_0'
    +-------------+------------+-------+-------+
    | employee_id | p_date     | basic | bonus |
    +-------------+------------+-------+-------+
    |           6 | 2023-01-10 | 20000 |  2000 |
    |           8 | 2023-03-10 | 30000 |  3000 |
    +-------------+------------+-------+-------+
    [root@mysql60 ~]# 
    [root@mysql61 ~]# mysql -e 'select * from tarena_1.employees_1'
    +-------------+------+---------+-----------+
    | employee_id | name | dept_id | mail      |
    +-------------+------+---------+-----------+
    |           7 | C    |       2 | c@QQ.com  |
    |           9 | a    |       1 | a@163.com |
    +-------------+------+---------+-----------+
    [root@mysql62 ~]# mysql -e 'select * from tarena_1.salary_1'
    +-------------+------------+-------+-------+
    | employee_id | p_date     | basic | bonus |
    +-------------+------------+-------+-------+
    |           7 | 2023-02-10 | 25000 |  2500 |
    |           9 | 2023-04-10 | 35000 |  3500 |
    +-------------+------------+-------+-------+
    [root@mysql62~]#