比如对象的某个行为,在不同场景有不同实现方式,可以将这些行为的具体实现定义为一组策略,每个实现类实现种策略,在不同场景使用不同的实现,并且可以自由切换策略。
策略模式需要一个策略接口,不同的策略实现不同的实现类,在具体业务环境中仅持有该策略接口,根据不同的场景使用不同的实现类即可。
面向接口编程,而不是面向实现。
1、干掉繁琐的 if、switch 判断逻辑;
2、代码优雅、可复用、可读性好;
3、符合开闭原则(对修改关闭, 对扩展开放),扩展性好、便于维护;
1、策略如果很多的话,会造成策略类膨胀;
2、使用者必须清楚所有的策略类及其用途;
//基础登录接口
public interface BaseLoginService {
void login(BaseLoginContext context);
}
@Data
public class BaseLoginContext {
private String userName;
private String password;
private BaseLoginService baseLoginService;
public BaseLoginContext(String userName, String password, BaseLoginService baseLoginService) {
this.userName = userName;
this.password = password;
this.baseLoginService = baseLoginService;
}
public void login(){
baseLoginService.login(this);
}
}
public class SimpleLoginServiceImpl implements BaseLoginService {
@Override
public void login(BaseLoginContext context) {
System.out.println("简单登录,当前登录的人:" + context.getUserName() + ",密码:" + context.getPassword());
}
}
public class HardLoginServiceImpl implements BaseLoginService {
@Override
public void login(BaseLoginContext context) {
System.out.println("复杂登录,当前登录的人:" + context.getUserName() + ",密码:" + context.getPassword());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BaseLoginService simple = new SimpleLoginServiceImpl();
BaseLoginContext simpleContext = new BaseLoginContext("simple","simple",simple);
simpleContext.login();
BaseLoginService hard = new HardLoginServiceImpl();
BaseLoginContext hardContext = new BaseLoginContext("hard","hard",hard);
hardContext.login();
}
在策略的算法实现上添加自己需要的数据的方式
public class CommonLoginServiceImpl implements BaseLoginService {
private String userId;
public CommonLoginServiceImpl(String userId) {
this.userId = userId;
}
public String getUserId() {
return userId;
}
@Override
public void login(BaseLoginContext context) {
System.out.println("复杂登录,当前登录的人:" + context.getUserName() + ",账号:" + getUserId() + ",密码:" + context.getPassword());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BaseLoginService simple = new SimpleLoginServiceImpl();
BaseLoginContext simpleContext = new BaseLoginContext("simple","simple",simple);
simpleContext.login();
BaseLoginService hard = new HardLoginServiceImpl();
BaseLoginContext hardContext = new BaseLoginContext("hard","hard",hard);
hardContext.login();
BaseLoginService common = new CommonLoginServiceImpl("001");
BaseLoginContext commonContext = new BaseLoginContext("common","common",common);
commonContext.login();
}
扩展上下文的方式
public class NewLoginContext extends BaseLoginContext{
private String userId;
public String getUserId() {
return userId;
}
public void setUserId(String userId) {
this.userId = userId;
}
public NewLoginContext(String userName, String password, String userId, BaseLoginService baseLoginService) {
super(userName, password, baseLoginService);
this.userId = userId;
}
}
public class CommonLoginServiceImpl implements BaseLoginService {
private String userId;
public CommonLoginServiceImpl(String userId) {
this.userId = userId;
}
public String getUserId() {
return userId;
}
@Override
public void login(BaseLoginContext context) {
NewLoginContext newLoginContext = (NewLoginContext)context;
// System.out.println("common1登录,当前登录的人:" + context.getUserName() + ",账号:" + getUserId() + ",密码:" + context.getPassword());
System.out.println("common2登录,当前登录的人:" + context.getUserName() + ",账号:" + newLoginContext.getUserId() + ",密码:" + context.getPassword());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BaseLoginService simple = new SimpleLoginServiceImpl();
BaseLoginContext simpleContext = new BaseLoginContext("simple","simple",simple);
simpleContext.login();
BaseLoginService hard = new HardLoginServiceImpl();
BaseLoginContext hardContext = new BaseLoginContext("hard","hard",hard);
hardContext.login();
// BaseLoginService common1 = new CommonLoginServiceImpl("001");
// BaseLoginContext commonContext1 = new BaseLoginContext("common","common",common1);
// commonContext1.login();
BaseLoginService common2 = new CommonLoginServiceImpl("001");
NewLoginContext commonContext2 = new NewLoginContext("common","common","002",common2);
commonContext2.login();
}