MySQL 8.0 InnoDB Tablespaces之Undo Tablespaces(UNDO表空间)

发布时间:2023年12月29日


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编辑|SQL和数据库技术(ID:SQLplusDB)

MySQL 8.0 OCP (1Z0-908) 考点概要

MySQL 8.0 OCP (1Z0-908) 考点精析-安装与配置考点1:设置系统变量
【MySQL】控制MySQL优化器行为方法之optimizer_switch系统变量
【MySQL】MySQL系统变量(system variables)列表(mysqld --verbose --help的结果例)
【MySQL】MySQL系统变量(system variables)列表(SHOW VARIABLES 的结果例)
MySQL 8.0 OCP (1Z0-908) 考点精析-备份与恢复考点1:MySQL Enterprise Backup概要
MySQL 8.0 OCP (1Z0-908) 考点精析-性能优化考点1:sys.statement_analysis视图
MySQL 8.0 OCP (1Z0-908) 考点精析-性能优化考点2:系统变量的确认
MySQL 8.0 OCP (1Z0-908) 考点精析-性能优化考点3:EXPLAIN ANALYZE
MySQL 8.0 OCP (1Z0-908) 考点精析-性能优化考点4:慢速查询日志(slow query log)
MySQL 8.0 OCP (1Z0-908) 考点精析-性能优化考点5:表连接算法(join algorithm)
MySQL 8.0 OCP (1Z0-908) 考点精析-性能优化考点6:MySQL Enterprise Monitor之Query Analyzer
MySQL 8.0 OCP (1Z0-908) 考点精析-架构考点1:二进制日志文件(Binary log)
MySQL 8.0 OCP (1Z0-908) 考点精析-架构考点5:数据字典(Data Dictionary)
MySQL 8.0 OCP (1Z0-908) 考点精析-架构考点6:InnoDB Tablespaces之系统表空间(System Tablespace)
MySQL 8.0 InnoDB Tablespaces之File-per-table tablespaces(单独表空间)
MySQL 8.0 InnoDB Tablespaces之General Tablespaces(通用表空间/一般表空间)

MySQL 8.0 InnoDB Tablespaces之Undo Tablespaces(UNDO表空间)

InnoDB表空间是MySQL中用于存储InnoDB存储引擎表数据和索引的物理文件。
InnoDB Architecture
InnoDB表空间根据用途可以分成多种类型:

  • 数据表空间:
    • System tablespace(系统表空间)
    • File-per-table tablespaces(单独表空间)
    • General tablespaces(通用表空间/一般表空间)
  • Undo 表空间
  • 临时表空间(Temporary table tablespaces)

Undo Tablespaces(UNDO表空间)

UNDO日志(Undo Log)主要用于事务异常时的数据回滚,在磁盘上UNDO日志保存在UNDO表空间中。

默认UNDO表空间

MySQL实例初始化时会创建两个默认UNDO表空间,默认UNDO表空间会创建在innodb_undo_directory变量定义的位置。
默认UNDO表空间的数据文件命名为undo_001和undo_002,在数据字典中定义的对应UNDO表空间名称为innodb_undo_001和innodb_undo_002。

例:

mysql> show variables like 'datadir';
+---------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value           |
+---------------+-----------------+
| datadir       | /var/lib/mysql/ |
+---------------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'innodb_undo_directory';
+-----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name         | Value |
+-----------------------+-------+
| innodb_undo_directory | ./    |
+-----------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT  TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_NAME, FILE_TYPE,AUTOEXTEND_SIZE/1024/1024 size_m
    ->  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES
    ->   WHERE FILE_TYPE LIKE 'UNDO LOG';
+-----------------+------------+-----------+-------------+
| TABLESPACE_NAME | FILE_NAME  | FILE_TYPE | size_m      |
+-----------------+------------+-----------+-------------+
| innodb_undo_001 | ./undo_001 | UNDO LOG  | 16.00000000 |
| innodb_undo_002 | ./undo_002 | UNDO LOG  | 16.00000000 |
+-----------------+------------+-----------+-------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>

查看数据文件。

root@mysql-vm:/var/lib/mysql# ls -lh undo*
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 16M Dec 28 17:09 undo_001
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 16M Dec 28 17:09 undo_002
root@mysql-vm:/var/lib/mysql#

MySQL 8.0.23开始,初始UNDO表空间大小通常为16MB,UNDO表空间的扩展大小至少为16MB。

添加 Undo 表空间

由于 Undo 日志会在长时间运行的事务中变得很大,创建额外的 Undo 表空间可以避免单个表空间变得太大。MySQL 8.0.14 版本之后,可以在运行时使用CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE语法创建额外的UNDO 表空间。

CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE tablespace_name ADD DATAFILE 'file_name.ibu';

例:

mysql> CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE undo_tbs_1 ADD DATAFILE 'undo_tbs_1.ibu';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.26 sec)

mysql> SELECT  TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_NAME, FILE_TYPE,AUTOEXTEND_SIZE/1024/1024 size_m
    ->  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES
    ->   WHERE FILE_TYPE LIKE 'UNDO LOG';
+-----------------+------------------+-----------+-------------+
| TABLESPACE_NAME | FILE_NAME        | FILE_TYPE | size_m      |
+-----------------+------------------+-----------+-------------+
| innodb_undo_001 | ./undo_001       | UNDO LOG  | 16.00000000 |
| innodb_undo_002 | ./undo_002       | UNDO LOG  | 16.00000000 |
| undo_tbs_1      | ./undo_tbs_1.ibu | UNDO LOG  | 16.00000000 |
+-----------------+------------------+-----------+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

注意:创建创建额外的Undo 表空间的数据文件的扩展名必须使用 .ibu 。

查看Undo 相关的信息

查看Undo 相关参数变量

Undo 相关的参数变量主要包括如下内容。

例:

mysql> show variables like '%undo%';
+--------------------------+------------+
| Variable_name            | Value      |
+--------------------------+------------+
| innodb_max_undo_log_size | 1073741824 |
| innodb_undo_directory    | ./         |
| innodb_undo_log_encrypt  | OFF        |
| innodb_undo_log_truncate | ON         |
| innodb_undo_tablespaces  | 2          |
+--------------------------+------------+

回滚段(rollback segment)相关参数。

mysql> show variables like '%rollback%'
    -> ;
+----------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name              | Value |
+----------------------------+-------+
| innodb_rollback_on_timeout | OFF   |
| innodb_rollback_segments   | 128   |
+----------------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
mysql> show variables like 'innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency';
+--------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name                        | Value |
+--------------------------------------+-------+
| innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency | 128   |
+--------------------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

查看Undo 状态信息
通过information_schema.innodb_tablespaces 查看undo表空间信息
mysql> select * from information_schema.innodb_tablespaces where name like '%undo%' \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
          SPACE: 4294967279
           NAME: innodb_undo_001
           FLAG: 0
     ROW_FORMAT: Undo
      PAGE_SIZE: 16384
  ZIP_PAGE_SIZE: 0
     SPACE_TYPE: Undo
  FS_BLOCK_SIZE: 4096
      FILE_SIZE: 16777216
 ALLOCATED_SIZE: 16777216
AUTOEXTEND_SIZE: 0
 SERVER_VERSION: 8.0.32
  SPACE_VERSION: 1
     ENCRYPTION: N
          STATE: active
*************************** 2. row ***************************
          SPACE: 4294967278
           NAME: innodb_undo_002
           FLAG: 0
     ROW_FORMAT: Undo
      PAGE_SIZE: 16384
  ZIP_PAGE_SIZE: 0
     SPACE_TYPE: Undo
  FS_BLOCK_SIZE: 4096
      FILE_SIZE: 16777216
 ALLOCATED_SIZE: 16777216
AUTOEXTEND_SIZE: 0
 SERVER_VERSION: 8.0.32
  SPACE_VERSION: 1
     ENCRYPTION: N
          STATE: active
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

UNDO表空间的使用状态:

mysql> SELECT NAME, STATE FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INNODB_TABLESPACES
    ->   WHERE NAME in ('innodb_undo_001','innodb_undo_002')\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 NAME: innodb_undo_001
STATE: active
*************************** 2. row ***************************
 NAME: innodb_undo_002
STATE: active
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
通过information_schema.FILES查看undo表空间的数据文件信息
mysql> SELECT  TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_NAME, FILE_TYPE FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES
    ->   WHERE FILE_TYPE LIKE 'UNDO LOG';
+-----------------+------------+-----------+
| TABLESPACE_NAME | FILE_NAME  | FILE_TYPE |
+-----------------+------------+-----------+
| innodb_undo_001 | ./undo_001 | UNDO LOG  |
| innodb_undo_002 | ./undo_002 | UNDO LOG  |
+-----------------+------------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
undo表空间的状态

undo表空间的状态相关的信息。

例:

mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE '%undo%';
+----------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name                    | Value |
+----------------------------------+-------+
| Innodb_undo_tablespaces_total    | 2     |
| Innodb_undo_tablespaces_implicit | 2     |
| Innodb_undo_tablespaces_explicit | 0     |
| Innodb_undo_tablespaces_active   | 2     |
+----------------------------------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

Innodb_undo_tablespaces_total :总的UNDO表空间数量
Innodb_undo_tablespaces_implicit :隐式(InnoDB创建的)UNDO表空间数量
Innodb_undo_tablespaces_explicit :显式(用户创建的)UNDO表空间数量
Innodb_undo_tablespaces_active :活动UNDO表空间数量

参考

15.6.3.4 Undo Tablespaces
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-undo-tablespaces.html

https://www.alibabacloud.com/blog/an-in-depth-analysis-of-undo-logs-in-innodb_598966

https://blog.csdn.net/wudi53433927/article/details/127206842

15.6.6 Undo Logs
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-undo-logs.html

文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/lukeUnique/article/details/135282315
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