各位小伙伴想要博客相关资料的话关注公众号：chuanyeTry即可领取相关资料！
常见的数据类型：
目标：掌握列表和元组数据类型的各种操作（知识点应用案例）。
课程概要：
列表（list），是一个有序且可变的容器，在里面可以存放多个不同类型的元素。
user_list = ["苍老师","有坂深雪","大桥未久"]
number_list = [98,88,666,12,-1]
data_list = [1,True,"Alex","宝强","贾乃亮"]
user_list = []
user_list.append("铁锤")
user_list.append(123)
user_list.append(True)
print(user_list) # ["铁锤",123,True]
不可变类型：字符串、布尔、整型（已最小，内部数据无法进行修改）
可变类型：列表（内部数据元素可以修改）
Python中为所有的列表类型的数据提供了一批独有的功能。
在开始学习列表的独有功能之前，先来做一个字符串和列表的对比：
字符串，不可变，即：创建好之后内部就无法修改。【独有功能都是新创建一份数据】
name = "alex"
data = name.upper()
print(name)
print(data)
列表，可变，即：创建好之后内部元素可以修改。【独有功能基本上都是直接操作列表内部，不会创建新的一份数据】
user_list = ["车子","妹子"]
user_list.append("嫂子")
print(user_list) # ["车子","妹子","嫂子"]
列表中的常见独有功能如下：
追加，在原列表中尾部追加值。
data_list = []
v1 = input("请输入姓名")
data_list.append(v1)
v2 = input("请输入姓名")
data_list.append(v2)
print(data_list) # ["alex","eric"]
# 案例1
user_list = []
while True:
user = input("请输入用户名(Q退出)：")
if user == "Q":
break
user_list.append(user)
print(user_list)
# 案例2
welcome = "欢迎使用NB游戏".center(30, '*')
print(welcome)
user_count = 0
while True:
count = input("请输入游戏人数：")
if count.isdecimal():
user_count = int(count)
break
else:
print("输入格式错误，人数必须是数字。")
message = "{}人参加游戏NB游戏。".format(user_count)
print(message)
user_name_list = []
for i in range(1, user_count + 1):
tips = "请输入玩家姓名（{}/{}）：".format(i, user_count)
name = input(tips)
user_name_list.append(name)
print(user_name_list)
批量追加，将一个列表中的元素逐一添加另外一个列表。
tools = ["搬砖","菜刀","榔头"]
tools.extend( [11,22,33] ) # weapon中的值逐一追加到tools中
print(tools) # ["搬砖","菜刀","榔头",11,22,33]
tools = ["搬砖","菜刀","榔头"]
weapon = ["AK47","M6"]
#tools.extend(weapon) # weapon中的值逐一追加到tools中
#print(tools) # ["搬砖","菜刀","榔头","AK47","M6"]
weapon.extend(tools)
print(tools) # ["搬砖","菜刀","榔头"]
print(weapon) # ["AK47","M6","搬砖","菜刀","榔头"]
# 等价于(扩展)
weapon = ["AK47","M6"]
for item in weapon:
print(item)
# 输出：
# AK47
# M6
tools = ["搬砖","菜刀","榔头"]
weapon = ["AK47","M6"]
for item in weapon:
tools.append(item)
print(tools) # ["搬砖","菜刀","榔头","AK47","M6"]
插入，在原列表的指定索引位置插入值
user_list = ["苍老师","有坂深雪","大桥未久"]
user_list.insert(0,"马蓉")
user_list.insert(2,"李小璐")
print(user_list)
# 案例
name_list = []
while True:
name = input("请输入购买火车票用户姓名（Q/q退出）：")
if name.upper() == "Q":
break
if name.startswith("刁"):
name_list.insert(0, name)
else:
name_list.append(name)
print(name_list)
在原列表中根据值删除（从左到右找到第一个删除）【慎用，里面没有会报错】
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
user_list.remove("Alex")
print(user_list)
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
if "Alex" in user_list:
user_list.remove("Alex")
print(user_list)
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
while True:
if "Alex" in user_list:
user_list.remove("Alex")
else:
break
print(user_list)
# 案例：自动抽奖程序
import random
data_list = ["iphone12", "二手充气女友", "大保健一次", "泰国5日游", "避孕套"]
while data_list:
name = input("自动抽奖程序，请输入自己的姓名：")
# 随机从data_list抽取一个值出来
value = random.choice(data_list) # "二手充气女友"
print( "恭喜{}，抽中{}.".format(name, value) )
data_list.remove(value) # "二手充气女友"
在原列表中根据索引踢出某个元素（根据索引位置删除）
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
# 0 1 2 3 4
user_list.pop(1)
print(user_list) # ["王宝强","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
user_list.pop()
print(user_list) # ["王宝强","Alex","贾乃亮"]
item = user_list.pop(1)
print(item) # "Alex"
print(user_list) # ["王宝强","贾乃亮"]
# 案例：排队买火车票
# ["alex","李杰","eric","武沛齐","老妖","肝胆"]
user_queue = []
while True:
name = input("北京~上海火车票，购买请输入姓名排队(Q退出)：")
if name == "Q":
break
user_queue.append(name)
ticket_count = 3
for i in range(ticket_count):
username = user_queue.pop(0)
message = "恭喜{},购买火车票成功。".format(username)
print(message)
# user_queue = ["武沛齐","老妖","肝胆"]
faild_user = "、".join(user_queue) # "武沛齐、老妖、肝胆"
faild_message = "非常抱歉，票已售完，以下几位用户请选择其他出行方式，名单：{}。".format(faild_user)
print(faild_message)
清空原列表
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
user_list.clear()
print(user_list) # []
根据值获取索引（从左到右找到第一个删除）【慎用，找不到报错】
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
# 0 1 2 3 4
if "Alex" in user_list:
index = user_list.index("Alex")
print(index) # 2
else:
print("不存在")
列表元素排序
# 数字排序
num_list = [11, 22, 4, 5, 11, 99, 88]
print(num_list)
num_list.sort() # 让num_list从小到大排序
num_list.sort(reverse=True) # # 让num_list从大到小排序
print(num_list)
# 字符串排序
user_list = ["王宝强", "Ab陈羽凡", "Alex", "贾乃亮", "贾乃", "1"]
# [29579, 23453, 24378]
# [65, 98, 38472, 32701, 20961]
# [65, 108, 101, 120]
# [49]
print(user_list)
"""
sort的排序原理
[ "x x x" ," x x x x x " ]
"""
user_list.sort()
print(user_list)
注意：排序时内部元素无法进行比较时，程序会报错（尽量数据类型统一）。
反转原列表
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
user_list.reverse()
print(user_list)
相加，两个列表相加获取生成一个新的列表。
data = ["赵四","刘能"] + ["宋晓峰","范德彪"]
print(data) # ["赵四","刘能","宋晓峰","范德彪"]
v1 = ["赵四","刘能"]
v2 = ["宋晓峰","范德彪"]
v3 = v1 + v2
print(v3) # ["赵四","刘能","宋晓峰","范德彪"]
相乘，列表*整型 将列表中的元素再创建N份并生成一个新的列表。
data = ["赵四","刘能"] * 2
print(data) # ["赵四","刘能","赵四","刘能"]
v1 = ["赵四","刘能"]
v2 = v1 * 2
print(v1) # ["赵四","刘能"]
print(v2) # ["赵四","刘能","赵四","刘能"]
运算符in包含
由于列表内部是由多个元素组成，可以通过in来判断元素是否在列表中。
user_list = ["狗子","二蛋","沙雕","alex"]
result = "alex" in user_list
# result = "alex" not in user_list
print(result) # True
if "alex" in user_list:
print("在，把他删除")
user_list.remove("alex")
else:
print("不在")
user_list = ["狗子","二蛋","沙雕","alex"]
if "alex" in user_list:
print("在，把他删除")
user_list.remove("alex")
else:
print("不在")
text = "打倒小日本"
data = "日" in text
# 案例
user_list = ["狗子","二蛋","沙雕","alex"]
if "alex" in user_list:
print("在，把他删除")
user_list.remove("alex")
else:
print("不在")
# 案例
user_list = ["王宝强","陈羽凡","Alex","贾乃亮","Alex"]
if "Alex" in user_list:
index = user_list.index("Alex")
user_list.pop(index)
# 案例：敏感词替换
text = input("请输入文本内容：") # 按时打发第三方科技爱普生豆腐啊；了深刻的房价破阿偶打飞机
forbidden_list = ["草","欧美","日韩"]
for item in forbidden_list:
text = text.replace(item,"**")
print(text)
注意：列表检查元素是否存在时，是采用逐一比较的方式，效率会比较低。
获取长度
user_list = ["范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四']
print( len(user_list) )
索引，一个元素的操作
# 读
user_list = ["范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四']
print( user_list[0] )
print( user_list[2] )
print( user_list[3] ) # 报错
# 改
user_list = ["范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四']
user_list[0] = "武沛齐"
print(user_list) # ["武沛齐","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四']
# 删
user_list = ["范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四']
del user_list[1]
user_list.remove("刘华强")
ele = user_list.pop(1)
注意：超出索引范围会报错。
提示：由于字符串是不可变类型，所以他只有索引读的功能，而列表可以进行 读、改、删
切片，多个元素的操作（很少用）
# 读
user_list = ["范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四']
print( user_list[0:2] ) # ["范德彪","刘华强"]
print( user_list[1:] )
print( user_list[:-1] )
# 改
user_list = ["范德彪", "刘华强", '尼古拉斯赵四']
user_list[0:2] = [11, 22, 33, 44]
print(user_list) # 输出 [11, 22, 33, 44, '尼古拉斯赵四']
user_list = ["范德彪", "刘华强", '尼古拉斯赵四']
user_list[2:] = [11, 22, 33, 44]
print(user_list) # 输出 ['范德彪', '刘华强', 11, 22, 33, 44]
user_list = ["范德彪", "刘华强", '尼古拉斯赵四']
user_list[3:] = [11, 22, 33, 44]
print(user_list) # 输出 ['范德彪', '刘华强', '尼古拉斯赵四', 11, 22, 33, 44]
user_list = ["范德彪", "刘华强", '尼古拉斯赵四']
user_list[10000:] = [11, 22, 33, 44]
print(user_list) # 输出 ['范德彪', '刘华强', '尼古拉斯赵四', 11, 22, 33, 44]
user_list = ["范德彪", "刘华强", '尼古拉斯赵四']
user_list[-10000:1] = [11, 22, 33, 44]
print(user_list) # 输出 [11, 22, 33, 44, '刘华强', '尼古拉斯赵四']
# 删
user_list = ["范德彪", "刘华强", '尼古拉斯赵四']
del user_list[1:]
print(user_list) # 输出 ['范德彪']
步长
user_list = ["范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四',"宋小宝","刘能"]
# 0 1 2 3 4
print( user_list[1:4:2] )
print( user_list[0::2] )
print( user_list[1::2] )
print( user_list[4:1:-1] )
# 案例：实现列表的翻转
user_list = ["范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四',"宋小宝","刘能"]
new_data = user_list[::-1]
print(new_data)
data_list = ["范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四',"宋小宝","刘能"]
data_list.reverse()
print(data_list)
# 给你一个字符串请实现字符串的翻转？
name = "武沛齐"
name[::-1]
for循环
user_list = ["范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四',"宋小宝","刘能"]
for item in user_list:
print(item)
user_list = ["范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四',"宋小宝","刘能"]
for index in range( len(user_list) ):
item = user_index[index]
print(item)
切记，循环的过程中对数据进行删除会踩坑【面试题】。
# 错误方式， 有坑，结果不是你想要的。
user_list = ["刘的话", "范德彪", "刘华强", '刘尼古拉斯赵四', "宋小宝", "刘能"]
for item in user_list:
if item.startswith("刘"):
user_list.remove(item)
print(user_list)
# 正确方式，倒着删除。
user_list = ["刘的话", "范德彪", "刘华强", '刘尼古拉斯赵四', "宋小宝", "刘能"]
for index in range(len(user_list) - 1, -1, -1):
item = user_list[index]
if item.startswith("刘"):
user_list.remove(item)
print(user_list)
int、bool无法转换成列表
str
name = "武沛齐"
data = list(name) # ["武","沛","齐"]
print(data)
超前
v1 = (11,22,33,44) # 元组
vv1 = list(v1) # 列表 [11,22,33,44]
v2 = {"alex","eric","dsb"} # 集合
vv2 = list(v2) # 列表 ["alex","eric","dsb"]
列表属于容器，内部可以存放各种数据，所以他也支持列表的嵌套，如：
data = [ "谢广坤",["海燕","赵本山"],True,[11,22,[999,123],33,44],"宋小宝" ]
对于嵌套的值，可以根据之前学习的索引知识点来进行学习，例如：
data = [ "谢广坤",["海燕","赵本山"],True,[11,22,33,44],"宋小宝" ]
print( data[0] ) # "谢广坤"
print( data[1] ) # ["海燕","赵本山"]
print( data[0][2] ) # "坤"
print( data[1][-1] ) # "赵本山"
data.append(666)
print(data) # [ "谢广坤",["海燕","赵本山"],True,[11,22,33,44],"宋小宝",666]
data[1].append("谢大脚")
print(data) # [ "谢广坤",["海燕","赵本山","谢大脚"],True,[11,22,33,44],"宋小宝",666 ]
del data[-2]
print(data) # [ "谢广坤",["海燕","赵本山","谢大脚"],True,[11,22,33,44],666 ]
data[-2][1] = "alex"
print(data) # [ "谢广坤",["海燕","赵本山","谢大脚"],True,[11,"alex",33,44],666 ]
data[1][0:2] = [999,666]
print(data) # [ "谢广坤",[999,666,"谢大脚"],True,[11,"alex",33,44],666 ]
# 创建用户列表
# 用户列表应该长： [ ["alex","123"],["eric","666"] ]
# user_list = [["alex","123"],["eric","666"],]
# user_list.append(["alex","123"])
# user_list.append(["eric","666"])
user_list = []
while True:
user = input("请输入用户名：")
pwd = input("请输入密码：")
data = []
data.append(user)
data.append(pwd)
user_list.append(data)
user_list = []
while True:
user = input("请输入用户名(Q退出)：")
if user == "Q":
break
pwd = input("请输入密码：")
data = [user,pwd]
user_list.append(data)
print(user_list)
列表（list），是一个有序且可变的容器，在里面可以存放多个不同类型的元素。
元组（tuple），是一个有序且不可变的容器，在里面可以存放多个不同类型的元素。
如何体现不可变呢？
记住一句话：《“我儿子永远不能换成是别人，但我儿子可以长大”》
v1 = (11,22,33)
v2 = ("李杰","Alex")
v3 = (True,123,"Alex",[11,22,33,44])
# 建议：议在元组的最后多加一个逗v3 = ("李杰","Alex",)
d1 = (1) # 1
d2 = (1,) # (1,)
d3 = (1,2)
d4 = (1,2)
注意：建议在元组的最后多加一个逗号，用于标识他是一个元组。
# 面试题
1. 比较值 v1 = (1) 和 v2 = 1 和 v3 = (1,) 有什么区别？
2. 比较值 v1 = ( (1),(2),(3) ) 和 v2 = ( (1,) , (2,) , (3,),) 有什么区别？
(1,2,3)
无
相加，两个列表相加获取生成一个新的列表。
data = ("赵四","刘能") + ("宋晓峰","范德彪")
print(data) # ("赵四","刘能","宋晓峰","范德彪")
v1 = ("赵四","刘能")
v2 = ("宋晓峰","范德彪")
v3 = v1 + v2
print(v3) # ("赵四","刘能","宋晓峰","范德彪")
相乘，列表*整型 将列表中的元素再创建N份并生成一个新的列表。
data = ("赵四","刘能") * 2
print(data) # ("赵四","刘能","赵四","刘能")
v1 = ("赵四","刘能")
v2 = v1 * 2
print(v1) # ("赵四","刘能")
print(v2) # ("赵四","刘能","赵四","刘能")
获取长度
user_list = ("范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四',)
print( len(user_list) )
索引
user_list = ("范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四',)
print( user_list[0] )
print( user_list[2] )
print( user_list[3] )
切片
user_list = ("范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四',)
print( user_list[0:2] )
print( user_list[1:] )
print( user_list[:-1] )
步长
user_list = ("范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四',"宋小宝","刘能")
print( user_list[1:4:2] )
print( user_list[0::2] )
print( user_list[1::2] )
print( user_list[4:1:-1] )
# 字符串 & 元组。
user_list = ("范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四',"宋小宝","刘能")
data = user_list[::-1]
# 列表
user_list = ["范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四',"宋小宝","刘能"]
data = user_list[::-1]
user_list.reverse()
print(user_list)
for循环
user_list = ("范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四',"宋小宝","刘能")
for item in user_list:
print(item)
user_list = ("范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四',"宋小宝","刘能")
for item in user_list:
if item == '刘华强':
continue
print(name)
目前：只有 str、list、tuple 可以被for循环。 “xxx” [11,22,33] (111,22,33)
# len + range + for + 索引
user_list = ("范德彪","刘华强",'尼古拉斯赵四',"宋小宝","刘能")
for index in range(len(user_list)):
item = user_list[index]
print(item)
其他类型转换为元组，使用tuple(其他类型)，目前只有字符串和列表可以转换为元组。
data = tuple(其他)
# str / list
name = "武沛齐"
data = tuple(name)
print(data) # 输出 ("武","沛","齐")
name = ["武沛齐",18,"pythonav"]
data = tuple(name)
print(data) # 输出 ("武沛齐",18,"pythonav")
由于元组和列表都可以充当容器，他们内部可以放很多元素，并且也支持元素内的各种嵌套。
tu = ( '今天姐姐不在家', '姐夫和小姨子在客厅聊天', ('姐夫问小姨子税后多少钱','小姨子低声说道说和姐夫还提钱') )
tu1 = tu[0]
tu2 = tu[1]
tu3 = tu[2][0]
tu4 = tu[2][1]
tu5 = tu[2][1][3]
print(tu1) # 今天姐姐不在家
print(tu2) # 姐夫和小姨子在客厅聊天
print(tu3) # 姐夫问小姨子税后多少钱
print(tu4) # 小姨子低声说道说和姐夫还提钱
练习题1：判断是否可以实现，如果可以请写代码实现。
li = ["alex", [11,22,(88,99,100,),33], "WuSir", ("ritian", "barry",), "wenzhou"]
# 0 1 2 3 4
# 1.请将 "WuSir" 修改成 "武沛齐"
li[2] = "武沛齐"
index = li.index("Wusir")
li[index] = "武沛齐"
# 2.请将 ("ritian", "barry",) 修改为 ['日天','日地']
li[3] = ['日天','日地']
# 3.请将 88 修改为 87
li[1][2][0] = 87 # (报错，)
# 4.请将 "wenzhou" 删除，然后再在列表第0个索引位置插入 "周周"
# li.remove("wenzhou")
# del li[-1]
li.insert(0,"周周")
练习题2：记住一句话：《“我儿子永远不能换成是别人，但我儿子可以长大”》
data = ("123",666,[11,22,33], ("alex","李杰",[999,666,(5,6,7)]) )
# 1.将 “123” 替换成 9 报错
# 2.将 [11,22,33] 换成 "武沛齐" 报错
# 3.将 11 换成 99
data[2][0] = 99
print(data) # ("123",666,[99,22,33], ("alex","李杰",[999,666,(5,6,7)]) )
# 4.在列表 [11,22,33] 追加一个44
data[2].append(44)
print(data) # ("123",666,[11,22,33,44], ("alex","李杰",[999,666,(5,6,7)]) )
练习题3：动态的创建用户并添加到用户列表中。
# 创建用户 5个
# user_list = [] # 用户信息
user_list = [ ("alex","132"),("admin","123"),("eric","123") ]
while True:
user = input("请输入用户名：")
if user == "Q":
brek
pwd = input("请输入密码：")
item = (user,pwd,)
user_list.append(item)
# 实现：用户登录案例
print("登录程序")
username = input("请输入用户名：")
password = input("请输入密码：")
is_success = False
for item in user_list:
# item = ("alex","132") ("admin","123") ("eric","123")
if username == item[0] and password == item[1]:
is_success = True
break
if is_success:
print("登录成功")
else:
print("登录失败")