Spring框架是一个开放源代码的J2EE应用程序框架,由Rod Johnson发起,是针对bean的生命周期进行管理的轻量级容器(lightweight container)。 Spring解决了开发者在J2EE开发中遇到的许多常见的问题,提供了功能强大IOC、AOP及Web MVC等功能。Spring可以单独应用于构筑应用程序,也可以和Struts、Webwork、Tapestry等众多Web框架组合使用,并且可以与 Swing等桌面应用程序AP组合。因此, Spring不仅仅能应用于J2EE应用程序之中,也可以应用于桌面应用程序以及小应用程序之中。Spring框架主要由七部分组成,分别是 Spring Core、 Spring AOP、 Spring ORM、 Spring DAO、Spring Context、 Spring Web和 Spring Web MVC。
package com.javaweb.bean;
public class HelloSpring {
private String userName;
public void setUserName(String userName){
this.userName=userName; }
public void show() {
System.out.println(userName+":欢迎来到Spring"); }
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="helloSpring" class="bean.HelloSpring">
<property name="userName" value="张三"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
package com.javaweb.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.javaweb.bean.HelloSpring;
public class TestHelloSpring {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 初始化spring容器,加载applicationContext.xml配置
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
// 通过容器获取配置中helloSpring的实例
HelloSpring helloSpring = (HelloSpring) applicationContext.getBean("helloSpring");
helloSpring.show();// 调用方法 }
}
}
说明:使用Spring IOC模拟实现账户添加功能程序
package com.javaweb.bean;
public class Account {
private String name;
private String id;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
模拟账户添加操作
package com.javaweb.dao;
import com.javaweb.bean.Account;
public class AccountDao {
public void save(Account account) {
System.out.println("添加账户信息");
}
}
模拟账户添加业务
package com.javaweb.service;
import com.javaweb.bean.Account;
import com.javaweb.dao.AccountDao;
public class AccountService {
private AccountDao dao;
public void setDao(AccountDao dao) {
this.dao = dao;
}
public void save(Account account) {
dao.save(account);
}
}
在Web下模拟账户添加请求。
package com.javaweb.controller;
import com.javaweb.bean.Account;
import com.javaweb.service.AccountService;
public class AccountController {
private AccountService service;
public void setService(AccountService service) {
this.service = service;
}
public void save() {
Account account=new Account();
account.setId("12343546465");
account.setName("张三");
service.save(account);
}
}
Dao装配到Service,Service装配到Controller
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="helloSpring" class="com.javaweb.bean.HelloSpringE">
<property name="userName" value="张三"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="accountDao" class="com.javaweb.dao.AccountDao"></bean>
<bean id="accountService" class="com.javaweb.service.AccountService">
<property name="dao" ref="accountDao"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="accountController" class="com.javaweb..controller.AccountController">
<property name="service" ref="accountService"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
在main()方法中加载XML配置文件,实现Spring容器的初始化,通过Spring容器获取Bean实例accountController完成save()方法调用。
package com.javaweb.test;
import com.javaweb.controller.AccountController;
public class TestAccount {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AccountController c=new AccountController();
c.save();
}
}
在项目中导入spring-aop.jar依赖包,它包含在应用中使用Spring的AOP特性时所需的类,注解实现需要依赖AOP才能实现。
创建applicationContext.xml,在该文件中引入Context约束并启动Bean的自动扫描功能。
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/c
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.javaweb" />
</beans>
新建entity包,在entity包下创建User实体类。
package com.javaweb.entity;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component("user")
@Scope("singleton")
public class User {
@Value("1")
private int id;
@Value("张三")
private String name;
@Value("123")
private String password;
// 省略getter/setter方法和toString()方法
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
创建UserDao接口作为数据访问层接口,并在UserDao接口中声明save()方法,用于查询User实体的对象信息。
package com.javaweb.dao;
public interface UserDao {
public void save();
}
创建UserDaoImpl作为UserDao的实现类,并在UserDaoImpl类中实现UserDao接口中的save()方法。
package com.javaweb.dao;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import com.javaweb.entity.User;
@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Resource(name="user")
private User user;
public void save(){
System.out.println(user);
System.out.println("执行UserDaoImpl.save()");
}
}
创建UserService接口作为业务逻辑层接口,并在UserService接口中定义save()方法。
package com.javaweb.service;
public interface UserService {
public void save();
}
创建UserServiceImpl作为UserService的实现类,并在UserServiceImpl类中实现UserService接口中的save()方法。
package com.javaweb.service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.javaweb.dao.UserDao;
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
//使用@Resource注解注入UserDao
@Resource(name="userDao")
private UserDao userDao;
public void save(){
this.userDao.save();
System.out.println("执行UserServiceImpl.save()");
}
}
创建UserController类作为控制层。
package com.javaweb.controller;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import com.javaweb.service.UserService;
@Controller("userController")
public class UserController {
//使用@Resource注解注入UserService
@Resource(name="userService")
private UserService userService;
public void save(){
this.userService.save();
System.out.println("执行UserController.save()");
}
}
创建测试类AnnotationTest,在该类中编写测试代码,通过Spring容器加载配置文件并获取UserController实例,然后调用实例中的save()方法。
package com.javaweb.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.javaweb.controller.UserController;
public class AnnotationTest {
public static void main(String[] args){
ApplicationContext applicationContext=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
UserController usercontroller=(UserController)
applicationContext.getBean("userController");
usercontroller.save();
}
}
启动AnnotationTest类,控制台会输出结果。
package com.javaweb.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.javaweb")
public class SpringConfig {
}
Spring的元素中包含一个autowire属性,可以通过设置autowire属性的值实现Bean的自动装配。
创建测试类AnnotationTest,在该类中编写测试代码,通过Spring容器加载配置文件并获取UserController实例,然后调用实例中的save()方法。
package com.javaweb.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import com.javaweb.config.SpringConfig;
import com.javaweb.controller.UserController;
public class AnnotationTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
UserController usercontroller=applicationContext.getBean(UserController.class);
usercontroller.save();
}
本项目所需要的Spring包已上传到主页——资源处,需要可自行下载。