??链表是一种物理存储结构上非连续、非顺序的存储结构,数据元素的逻辑顺序是通过链表中的指针链接次序实现的 。
链表在逻辑上是连续的,物理上则不一定连续(因为每个节点内存由操作系统分配),节点一般从堆内存申请,堆内存空间是按照一定策略分配的,两次申请的空间可能连续,也可能不连续。
以下不同情况下组合起来有8种链表结构:
不过实际中最常用还是两种结构:
不同角度 | 顺序表 | 链表 |
---|---|---|
存储结构 | 逻辑、物理连续 | 逻辑连续,物理不一定连续 |
随机访问 | 支持,效率高 | 不支持,效率较低 |
插入或删除 | 效率低 | 效率高 |
容量 | 容量不足时需要扩容 | 不需要扩容 |
缓存利用率 | 高 | 低 |
应用场景 | 高效存储和频繁访问 | 频繁插入和删除 |
#pragma once
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
// 单链表结构(无哨兵位)
typedef int datatype;
typedef struct SingleLinkedListNode {
datatype val;
struct SingleLinkedListNode* next;
} Node, * SingleLinkedList;
// malloc返回新节点
Node* CreateNode(datatype val);
// 头插尾插
void AddFront(Node** pphead, datatype val);
void AddBack(Node** pphead, datatype val);
void Print(Node* phead);
// 头删尾删
void RemoveFront(Node** pphead);
void RemoveBack(Node** pphead);
// 查找是否存在
bool IsExist(Node** pphead, datatype target);
// 目标节点前面插入
void Insert(Node** pphead, datatype val, datatype target);
// 删除节点
void Erase(Node** pphead, datatype target);
// 删除全部
void Destroy(Node** pphead);
// 查找并返回节点
Node* Find(Node** pphead, datatype target);
// 目标节点后面插入
void InsertAfter(Node* targetNode, datatype val);
// 删除目标节点后面的节点
void EraseAfter(Node* targetNode);
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include "SingleLinkedList.h"
void TestAddFront() {
SingleLinkedList linkedList = NULL;
AddFront(&linkedList, 1);
AddFront(&linkedList, 2);
AddFront(&linkedList, 3);
AddFront(&linkedList, 4);
printf("\nTestAddFront(): ");
Print(linkedList);
}
void TestAddBack() {
SingleLinkedList linkedList = NULL;
AddBack(&linkedList, 1);
AddBack(&linkedList, 2);
AddBack(&linkedList, 3);
AddBack(&linkedList, 4);
printf("\nTestAddBack(): ");
Print(linkedList);
}
void TestRemoveBack() {
SingleLinkedList linkedList = NULL;
AddBack(&linkedList, 1);
AddBack(&linkedList, 2);
AddBack(&linkedList, 3);
AddBack(&linkedList, 4);
RemoveBack(&linkedList);
printf("\nTestRemoveBack(): ");
Print(linkedList);
}
void TestTestFront() {
SingleLinkedList linkedList = NULL;
AddFront(&linkedList, 1);
AddFront(&linkedList, 2);
AddFront(&linkedList, 3);
AddFront(&linkedList, 4);
RemoveFront(&linkedList);
printf("\nTestTestFront(): ");
Print(linkedList);
}
void TestInsert() {
SingleLinkedList linkedList = NULL;
Insert(&linkedList, 10, 11); // 测试空链表时
Insert(&linkedList, 20, 10); // 测试空链表或节点数<=1时
Insert(&linkedList, 30, 11); // 测试目标节点不存在时
Insert(&linkedList, 40, 10); // 测试正常情况
Insert(&linkedList, 1, 20); // 测试目标节点是头结点时
printf("\nTestInsert(): ");
Print(linkedList); // 1->20->40->10->30->NULL
}
void TestErase() {
SingleLinkedList linkedList = NULL;
Insert(&linkedList, 10, 11);
Insert(&linkedList, 20, 10);
Insert(&linkedList, 30, 11);
Insert(&linkedList, 40, 10);
Insert(&linkedList, 1, 20);
Erase(&linkedList, 30);
printf("\nTestDelete(): ");
Print(linkedList); // 1->20->40->10->NULL
}
void TestDestroy() {
SingleLinkedList linkedList = NULL;
Insert(&linkedList, 10, 11);
Insert(&linkedList, 20, 10);
Insert(&linkedList, 30, 11);
Insert(&linkedList, 40, 10);
Insert(&linkedList, 1, 20);
Destroy(&linkedList);
printf("\nTestDestroy(): ");
Print(linkedList);
}
void TestInsertAfter() {
SingleLinkedList linkedList = NULL;
Insert(&linkedList, 10, 11);
Insert(&linkedList, 20, 10);
Insert(&linkedList, 30, 11);
Insert(&linkedList, 40, 10);
Insert(&linkedList, 1, 20);
InsertAfter(Find(&linkedList, 30), 50); // 1->20->40->10->30->50->NULL
InsertAfter(Find(&linkedList, 50), 100); // 1->20->40->10->30->50->100->NULL
InsertAfter(Find(&linkedList, 1), 1000); // 1->1000->20->40->10->30->50->100->NULL
printf("\nTestInsertAfter(): ");
Print(linkedList);
}
void TestEraseAfter() {
SingleLinkedList linkedList = NULL;
Insert(&linkedList, 10, 11);
Insert(&linkedList, 20, 10);
Insert(&linkedList, 30, 11);
Insert(&linkedList, 40, 10);
Insert(&linkedList, 1, 20);
InsertAfter(Find(&linkedList, 30), 50);
InsertAfter(Find(&linkedList, 50), 100);
InsertAfter(Find(&linkedList, 1), 1000); // 1->1000->20->40->10->30->50->100->NULL
EraseAfter(Find(&linkedList, 1)); // 1->20->40->10->30->50->100->NULL
EraseAfter(Find(&linkedList, 100)); // 1->20->40->10->30->50->100->NULL
EraseAfter(Find(&linkedList, 10)); // 1->20->40->10->50->100->NULL
printf("\nTestEraseAfter(): ");
Print(linkedList);
}
int main() {
TestAddFront();
TestAddBack();
TestRemoveBack();
TestTestFront();
TestInsert();
TestErase();
TestDestroy();
TestInsertAfter();
TestEraseAfter();
return 0;
}
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include "SingleLinkedList.h"
Node* CreateNode(datatype val) {
Node* node = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
if (node == NULL) {
perror("CreateNode() malloc error");
exit(-1);
}
node->val = val;
node->next = NULL;
return node;
}
void AddFront(Node** pphead, datatype val) {
Node* newNode = CreateNode(val);
newNode->next = *pphead;
*pphead = newNode;
}
void AddBack(Node** pphead, datatype val) {
Node* newNode = CreateNode(val);
if (*pphead == NULL) { // 空链表
*pphead = newNode;
}
else { /* 节点数>=1 */
Node* tail = *pphead;
while (tail->next)
{
tail = tail->next;
}
tail->next = newNode;
}
}
void Print(Node* phead) {
Node* cur = phead;
while (cur != NULL) {
printf("%d->", cur->val);
cur = cur->next;
}
printf("NULL\n");
}
void RemoveFront(Node** pphead) {
assert(*pphead); // 空链表
/* 链表节点数>=1 */
Node* pNext = (*pphead)->next;
free(*pphead);
*pphead = pNext;
//Node* tmp = *pphead;
//*pphead = (*pphead)->next;
//free(tmp);
//tmp = NULL;
}
void RemoveBack(Node** pphead) {
assert(*pphead); // 空链表
if ((*pphead)->next == NULL) { /* 只有1个节点 */
free(*pphead);
*pphead = NULL;
}
else { /* 节点数>=2 */
Node* prev = *pphead;
while (prev->next->next) {
prev = prev->next;
}
free(prev->next);
prev->next = NULL;
}
}
bool IsExist(Node** pphead, datatype target) {
Node* cur = *pphead;
while (cur) {
if (cur->val == target) {
return true;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
return false;
}
void Insert(Node** pphead, datatype val, datatype target) {
// 当 (1)空链表 或 (2)节点数<=1 或 (3)目标节点是头节点时 则直接头插
if (*pphead == NULL || (*pphead)->next == NULL || (*pphead)->val == target) {
AddFront(pphead, val);
}
else { // 节点数>=2
if (IsExist(pphead, target)) {
Node* prev = *pphead;
while (prev->next->val != target) {
prev = prev->next;
}
Node* targetNode = prev->next;
Node* newNode = CreateNode(val);
prev->next = newNode;
newNode->next = targetNode;
}
else { // 当目标节点不存在时尾插
AddBack(pphead, val);
}
}
}
void Erase(Node** pphead, datatype target) {
assert(*pphead); // 空链表
Node* cur = *pphead;
Node* pPrev = NULL; // 当节点数>=2必有pPrev != NULL
while (cur) {
if (cur->next != NULL && cur->next->val == target) {
pPrev = cur;
}
if (cur->val == target) {
Node* pNext = cur->next;
free(cur);
cur = NULL;
if (pPrev != NULL) {
pPrev->next = pNext;
}
else { // 说明删除的是头结点,pNext=NULL。
*pphead = pNext;
}
break;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
}
void Destroy(Node** pphead) {
Node* cur = *pphead;
Node* del = NULL;
while (cur) {
del = cur;
cur = cur->next;
free(del);
del = NULL;
}
*pphead = NULL;
}
Node* Find(Node** pphead, datatype target) {
Node* cur = *pphead;
while (cur) {
if (cur->val == target) {
return cur;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
return NULL;
}
void InsertAfter(Node* targetNode, datatype val) {
assert(targetNode);
Node* newNode = CreateNode(val);
Node* pNext = targetNode->next;
targetNode->next = newNode;
newNode->next = pNext;
}
void EraseAfter(Node* targetNode) {
assert(targetNode);
Node* pDel = targetNode->next;
if (pDel != NULL) { // 避免targetNode是尾结点时pDel=NULL的情况
Node* pNext = pDel->next;
free(pDel);
pDel = NULL;
targetNode->next = pNext;
}
}