在Spring Boot项目中实现Redis缓存并防止缓存穿透和缓存雪崩可以通过以下步骤:
添加依赖:
pom.xml
文件中添加Spring Boot和Redis的依赖:<!-- Spring Boot Starter Data Redis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Redis Java client (Lettuce) -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.lettuce.core</groupId>
<artifactId>lettuce-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
配置Redis:
application.properties
或application.yml
中配置Redis连接信息:spring:
redis:
host: localhost
port: 6379
开启缓存:
@EnableCaching
注解,启用缓存功能:import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCaching
public class YourApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(YourApplication.class, args);
}
}
配置缓存管理器:
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager;
@Configuration
public class CacheConfig {
@Bean
public RedisCacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
RedisCacheConfiguration config = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig();
return RedisCacheManager.builder(connectionFactory)
.cacheDefaults(config)
.build();
}
}
添加缓存注解:
@Cacheable
注解,指定缓存的key,并设置合适的过期时间:import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class YourService {
@Cacheable(value = "yourCacheName", key = "'yourCacheKey:' + #id", unless = "#result == null")
public String getDataFromDatabase(String id) {
// Your database retrieval logic here
return "Data for ID " + id;
}
}
防止缓存穿透:
BloomFilter
)对请求进行初步过滤,将存在于数据库中的数据放入布隆过滤器。// Example using Guava's BloomFilter
BloomFilter<String> bloomFilter = BloomFilter.create((from, into) -> into.putString(from, Charsets.UTF_8), Funnels.stringFunnel(Charsets.UTF_8), 1000, 0.01);
public String getData(String id) {
if (!bloomFilter.mightContain(id)) {
// 数据不在布隆过滤器中,直接返回
return null;
}
// 缓存和数据库查询逻辑
}
防止缓存雪崩:
@Cacheable(value = "yourCacheName", key = "'yourCacheKey:' + #id", unless = "#result == null")
public String getDataFromDatabase(String id) {
// Your database retrieval logic here
return "Data for ID " + id;
}
@CachePut
注解,在缓存即将过期时异步刷新缓存。@CachePut(value = "yourCacheName", key = "'yourCacheKey:' + #id")
public String refreshCache(String id) {
// Your database retrieval logic here
return "Data for ID " + id;
}
通过以上步骤,你可以在Spring Boot项目中使用Redis作为缓存,并通过缓存注解以及相关的配置来防止缓存穿透和缓存雪崩。确保你的系统更加健壮和可靠。