node-red：modbus协议数据格式转换
发布时间：2023年12月27日
node-red：MODBUS协议数据格式转换
??本文将描述通过node-red采集工业数据时，采集到的数据需要进行转换的操作方法。
??对于运行在RTU或ASCII传输模式下的modbus协议，它接收主设备发送的指令报文，并根据窗口配置的数据返回主设备需要的指令报文。根据Modbus协议的规定，所有的数值都是以16位二进制形式进行存储和运算的。
一、32word无符号转换
??Modbus协议中，32位整数的存储格式会因具体的数据类型而有所不同。Modbus协议对32位无符号整数的存储方式是将该整数分解为两个16位的寄存器来处理，第一个元素是高16位，第二个元素是低16位，具体的字节顺序可以有四种选择：无符号整数大端序、无符号整数小端序、无符号整数大端字节交换和无符号整数小端字节交换。例如，一个无符号的32位整数0x12345678在Modbus中的存储形式可能会是：0x12 0x34 0x56 0x78，具体取决于所选择的字节顺序。其中：
大端序Big-Endian（BE）：将最高位字节存储在最低的地址位置；小端序（LE）：则是将最高位字节存储在最高的地址位置；无符号整数大端字节交换和小端字节交换（BIG_ENDIAN和LITTLE_ENDIAN）：指将每个字节的顺序颠倒，但不考虑符号位。
1.1 写操作
- 将32位整数转换为16位整数数组
- 使用无符号整数大端序（BE）的转换方式，js代码如下：
/** 使用无符号整数大端序（BE）的转换方式，将一个32位整数，转换为一个包含两个元素的数组，
* 其中第一个元素是高16位，第二个元素是低16位 */
function int32ToArrayBE(num) {
const high = (num >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
const low = num & 0xFFFF;
return [high, low];
}
- 通过modbus节点写入，示例如下
数据已成功写入：
1.2 读操作
实现步骤：
- 将一个包含两个元素的数组转换为一个32位整数
- 使用无符号整数大端序（BE）的转换方式，js代码如下：
//将一个包含两个元素的数组转换为一个32位整数，其中第一个元素是高16位，第二个元素是低16位。
//转换方式是先将第一个元素左移16位，然后与第二个元素进行按位或操作。
function arrayToInt32BE(data) {
return (data[0] << 16) | data[1];
}
- 通过modbus节点读取，示例如下：
二、字符串转换
??modbus支持对字符串类型的数据进行读写操作，进行字符串类型数据的操作时，是基于ASCII码格式进行的，一个字符占一个字节，支持字母、中文已经符号。
2.1 字符串写操作
实现步骤：
- 将字符串转换成字节数组，函数如下：
/**将一个字符串，获取每个字符的Unicode编码，转换为字节数组 */
function stringToByteArray(str) {
let byteArray = [];
for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
byteArray.push(str.charCodeAt(i));
}
return byteArray;
}
- 将字节数组批量写入modbus中 ，示例如下：
执行后，可以看到对应地址的数据：
2.2 字符串读操作
实现步骤：
- modbus节点读取起始地址为n，直至字符串字节数组长度的连续地址的数据数组
- 将得到到的字节数组转换为字符串，转换函数如下：
//将Unicode编码字节数组转换为对应的字符
msg.payload = String.fromCharCode(...msg.payload.slice(0, 8));
//有需要的话可以去掉字符串中的null和结尾的空字符
msg.payload = msg.payload.trim().replace(/\u0000/g, '');
return msg;
示例如下：
三、有符号整数转换
- 正整数就是正常的读\写，不需要转换。
- 对于负数，在计算机和数字系统中，负数通常使用二进制补码形式来表示。这种方法是将负数的绝对值取反后再加一得到的。如’-80’的二进制补码就是’65456’。
如我们在modsim32中输入
-55，实际显示在计算机上的是65481
3.1 有符号16word转换
3.1.1 负数 读 操作
??有符号16word转换成补码是占一位地址，通过modbus读取过来是十进制整数，我们需要将其通过node-red的modbus协议读取对应地址下的数据，该数据为补码，需要将其转换为实际的有符号16位整数。有两种转换方式，如下示例所示：
- 通过js函数转换：
/** 有符号整数补码转换转成16位有符号整数：
* 如-80的补码为65456，读取出来是65456，需要通过该函数转换成-80
*/
function Signed16ToInt16Be(num){
//32767是16位带符号证书能表示的最大正数，当数值从32767再增加1时，就会上溢变成负数。
//即mod通信中所有的负数都是用补码形式存储（如‘-80’实际读\写出来是‘65456’）
//需要检测是否发生了从正数到负数的转换，即是否发生了上溢或下溢,如果有，进行转换
return num >= 32768 ? num - 65536 : num;
}
- 使用parse节点工具转换：
3.1.2 负数 写 操作
?? 直接将负数写入对应地址时，不生效。需要先将其转换成补码，然后再将补码写入地址。js将负数转换成补码的函数如下：
/**
* 负数转成对应的补码
* 在计算机中，负数通常使用补码表示，如'-80'用补码表示为'65456'.
*/
function Int16BeToSigned16(num) {
//如果数字小于0，将其转换成十进制补码：65536是2的16次幂，也就是2^16
if(num < 0){
num += 65536
}
return num;
}
实战示例如下：
3.2 有符号32word转换
源码
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"showWarnings": true,
"unitid": "2",
"dataType": "MHoldingRegisters",
"adr": "99",
"quantity": "2",
"server": "e7cbfcc879655084",
"emptyMsgOnFail": false,
"keepMsgProperties": false,
"delayOnStart": false,
"startDelayTime": "",
"x": 540,
"y": 80,
"wires": [
[],
[]
]
},
{
"id": "c858d03ce2f7e8a2",
"type": "function",
"z": "f77425d62009612d",
"name": "赋值",
"func": "msg.payload = 3276780;\nreturn msg;",
"outputs": 1,
"noerr": 0,
"initialize": "",
"finalize": "",
"libs": [],
"x": 230,
"y": 80,
"wires": [
[
"e2b2a3da4860c56b",
"1438b02a5f7824dc"
]
]
},
{
"id": "1438b02a5f7824dc",
"type": "debug",
"z": "f77425d62009612d",
"name": "原始",
"active": true,
"tosidebar": true,
"console": false,
"tostatus": false,
"complete": "payload",
"targetType": "msg",
"statusVal": "",
"statusType": "auto",
"x": 350,
"y": 40,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "54919ad9449f2987",
"type": "debug",
"z": "f77425d62009612d",
"name": "数组",
"active": true,
"tosidebar": true,
"console": false,
"tostatus": false,
"complete": "payload",
"targetType": "msg",
"statusVal": "",
"statusType": "auto",
"x": 510,
"y": 40,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "1da67750bf2f0eb1",
"type": "comment",
"z": "f77425d62009612d",
"name": "1.1 32word写操作",
"info": "",
"x": 130,
"y": 20,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "dd7a84e126fda707",
"type": "inject",
"z": "f77425d62009612d",
"name": "",
"props": [
{
"p": "payload"
},
{
"p": "topic",
"vt": "str"
}
],
"repeat": "",
"crontab": "",
"once": false,
"onceDelay": 0.1,
"topic": "",
"payload": "",
"payloadType": "date",
"x": 110,
"y": 200,
"wires": [
[
"7d73e7b22a1358f0"
]
]
},
{
"id": "7d73e7b22a1358f0",
"type": "modbus-getter",
"z": "f77425d62009612d",
"name": "",
"showStatusActivities": false,
"showErrors": false,
"showWarnings": true,
"logIOActivities": false,
"unitid": "2",
"dataType": "HoldingRegister",
"adr": "99",
"quantity": "2",
"server": "e7cbfcc879655084",
"useIOFile": false,
"ioFile": "",
"useIOForPayload": false,
"emptyMsgOnFail": false,
"keepMsgProperties": false,
"delayOnStart": false,
"startDelayTime": "",
"x": 260,
"y": 200,
"wires": [
[
"4bf2a9d5169fa147",
"9908852fe20a2380",
"58decbf3f6230bed"
],
[]
]
},
{
"id": "4bf2a9d5169fa147",
"type": "function",
"z": "f77425d62009612d",
"name": "函数转换",
"func": "/** 使用无符号整数大端序（Big-Endian）的转换方式，将一个一个包含两个元素的数组，转换为一个32位整数 */\nfunction arrayToInt32BE(data) {\n return (data[0] << 16) | data[1];\n}\nmsg.payload = arrayToInt32BE(msg.payload);\nreturn msg;",
"outputs": 1,
"noerr": 0,
"initialize": "",
"finalize": "",
"libs": [],
"x": 440,
"y": 200,
"wires": [
[
"275aa03cf2080e7d"
]
]
},
{
"id": "275aa03cf2080e7d",
"type": "debug",
"z": "f77425d62009612d",
"name": "js函数转换",
"active": true,
"tosidebar": true,
"console": false,
"tostatus": false,
"complete": "payload",
"targetType": "msg",
"statusVal": "",
"statusType": "auto",
"x": 590,
"y": 200,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "9908852fe20a2380",
"type": "debug",
"z": "f77425d62009612d",
"name": "直接读取",
"active": true,
"tosidebar": true,
"console": false,
"tostatus": false,
"complete": "payload",
"targetType": "msg",
"statusVal": "",
"statusType": "auto",
"x": 440,
"y": 160,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "58decbf3f6230bed",
"type": "buffer-parser",
"z": "f77425d62009612d",
"name": "",
"data": "payload",
"dataType": "msg",
"specification": "spec",
"specificationType": "ui",
"items": [
{
"type": "int32be",
"name": "item1",
"offset": 0,
"length": 1,
"offsetbit": 0,
"scale": "1",
"mask": ""
}
],
"swap1": "",
"swap2": "",
"swap3": "",
"swap1Type": "swap",
"swap2Type": "swap",
"swap3Type": "swap",
"msgProperty": "payload",
"msgPropertyType": "str",
"resultType": "keyvalue",
"resultTypeType": "return",
"multipleResult": false,
"fanOutMultipleResult": false,
"setTopic": true,
"outputs": 1,
"x": 450,
"y": 240,
"wires": [
[
"342f36c555ec1252"
]
]
},
{
"id": "342f36c555ec1252",
"type": "debug",
"z": "f77425d62009612d",
"name": "parse转换",
"active": true,
"tosidebar": true,
"console": false,
"tostatus": false,
"complete": "payload",
"targetType": "msg",
"statusVal": "",
"statusType": "auto",
"x": 600,
"y": 240,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "e1215e288585f302",
"type": "comment",
"z": "f77425d62009612d",
"name": "1.2 32word读操作",
"info": "",
"x": 130,
"y": 140,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "e7cbfcc879655084",
"type": "modbus-client",
"name": "tcp@192.168.2.105:1024",
"clienttype": "tcp",
"bufferCommands": true,
"stateLogEnabled": false,
"queueLogEnabled": false,
"failureLogEnabled": true,
"tcpHost": "192.168.2.105",
"tcpPort": "1024",
"tcpType": "DEFAULT",
"serialPort": "/dev/ttyUSB",
"serialType": "RTU-BUFFERD",
"serialBaudrate": "9600",
"serialDatabits": "8",
"serialStopbits": "1",
"serialParity": "none",
"serialConnectionDelay": "100",
"serialAsciiResponseStartDelimiter": "0x3A",
"unit_id": "1",
"commandDelay": "1",
"clientTimeout": "1000",
"reconnectOnTimeout": false,
"reconnectTimeout": "2000",
"parallelUnitIdsAllowed": true,
"showWarnings": true,
"showLogs": true
}
]
文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44462773/article/details/135244875
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本文来自互联网用户投稿，该文观点仅代表作者本人，不代表本站立场。本站仅提供信息存储空间服务，不拥有所有权，不承担相关法律责任。 如若内容造成侵权/违法违规/事实不符，请联系我的编程经验分享网邮箱：chenni525@qq.com进行投诉反馈，一经查实，立即删除！
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