Vue核心语法、脚手架与组件化开发、VueRouter&Vuex、综合案例（待办事项工具）

发布时间：2023年12月24日

学习源码可以看我的个人前端学习笔记 (github.com):qdxzw/frontlearningNotes

觉得有帮助的同学，可以点心心支持一下哈

一、Vue核心语法

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Document</title>
</head>

<body>
  <div id="app">
    <!-- 1.2插值语法 -->
    <!-- <p>{{content}}</p>
    <p>{{1>2?"对":"错"}}</p>
    <p>{{contents()}}</p>
    <p>{{contents()}}</p>
    <p>{{contents()}}</p>
    <p>{{contentComputed}}</p>
    <p>{{contentComputed}}</p>
    <p>{{contentComputed}}</p> -->
    <!-- 5.指令 -->
    <!-- 5.1内容指令 -->
    <!-- <p v-text="htmlContent">123</p>
    <p v-html="htmlContent">123</p> -->

    <!-- 5.2渲染指令 -->
    <!-- <p v-for="(item,key,index) in obj">{{item}}{{key}}{{index}}</p> -->
    <!-- if会销毁DOM,show是隐藏DOM -->
    <!-- <p v-if="false">这是指令</p>
    <p v-show="false">这是指令</p> -->

    <!-- 5.3属性指令 -->
    <!-- v-bind简写为: -->
    <!-- <p v-bind:title="content">这是内容</p>
    <p :title="content">这是内容</p> -->

    <!-- 5.4事件指令 -->
    <!-- v-on:简写为@ -->
    <!-- <button v-on:click="contents">按钮</button>
    <button @click="contents">按钮</button> -->

    <!-- 5.5表单指令 -->
    <!-- v-model可以实现双向数据绑定 -->
    <!-- <input type="text" v-model="inputValue">
    <p>{{inputValue}}</p> -->

    <!-- 6.修饰符 -->
    <!-- <input type="text" v-model.trim="inputValue"> -->
  </div>
  <script src="./vue.js"></script>
  <script>
    const vm = new Vue({
      el: "#app",
      // 1.响应数据与插值语法
      data() {
        return {
          content: "内容",
          htmlContent: "<span>213</span>",
          obj: { a: 10, b: 20, c: 30 },
          inputValue: "默认内容"
        }
      },
      // 2.方法属性
      methods: {
        contents() {
          console.log("methods");
          return this.content + "（methods）"
        }
      },
      // 3.计算属性
      // 具有缓存性
      computed: {
        contentComputed() {
          console.log("computed");
          return this.content + "（计算属性）"
        }
      },
      // 4.侦听器
      // 修改响应数据，页面会进行更新（Vue内部自动实现），
      // 如果需要在更新某个特定数据之后做一些操作,可以通过侦听器进行监听然后进行操作
      watch: {
        content(newValue, oldValue) {
          console.log(newValue, oldValue)
        }
      }
    })
  </script>
</body>

</html>

二、脚手架与组件开发

1.通过vue-cli创建vue项目

npm --version //查看npm版本
node --version //查看node版本
npm i @vue/cli -g //下载vue-cli脚手架
vue --version //查看vue版本
vue create 项目名 //创建vue项目（命令行创建）
vue ui //创建vue项目（通过图形界面进行创建）

2.npm i serve -g

npm --version //查看npm版本
node --version //查看node版本
npm i @vue/cli -g //下载vue-cli脚手架
vue --version //查看vue版本
vue create 项目名 //创建vue项目（命令行创建）
vue ui //创建vue项目（通过图形界面进行创建）

npm run serve 开发中使用（可以实时更新代码）

npm run build 打包代码（生成dist文件夹，上线时使用，可以直接部署到服务器上面）

如果本地要使用，可以通过 先npm i serve -g（启动静态资源服务器），再serve dist（启动指定目录下的代码）

3.vue项目结构目录说明

4.组件通信

4.1父传子（props）
props: {
    msg: String,
    count: { type: [String, Number], default: 100, required: true },
  },
4.2子传父（自定义事件）

$emit()用于触发自定义事件

// 子传父
  methods: {
    child_1() {
      this.childCount++;
      this.$emit("child_methods", this.childCount);
    },
  },
4.3兄弟组件EventBus
4.4Vuex

5.组件插槽

5.1基础的默认插槽
<template>
  <div class="hello">
    <slot>基础的默认内容</slot>
    <h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
    <h1>props的count{{ count }}</h1>
    <button @click="child_1">按钮</button>
  </div>
</template>
<HelloWorld>111</HelloWorld>
5.2特定位置插槽
<template>
  <div class="hello">
    <h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
    <h1>props的count{{ count }}</h1>
    <button @click="child_1">按钮</button>
    <slot name="footer">footer的默认内容</slot>
  </div>
</template>
<HelloWorld
      msg="Welcome to Your Vue.js App"
      :count="parentCount"
      @child_methods="parent_methods"
      >阿斯顿
      <template #footer>footer插槽</template>
    </HelloWorld>
5.3插槽传值

这里以特定位置插槽举例，子组件通过v-bing属性指令传值，父组件通过#插槽名进行接收，注意接收的是对象

<template>
  <div class="hello">
    <h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
    <h1>props的count{{ count }}</h1>
    <button @click="child_1">按钮</button>
    <slot name="footer" :num="num">footer的默认内容</slot>
  </div>
</template>
<HelloWorld
      msg="Welcome to Your Vue.js App"
      :count="parentCount"
      @child_methods="parent_methods"
      >阿斯顿
      <!-- <template #footer="dataObj">footer插槽:{{ dataObj.num }}</template> -->
      <template #footer="{ num }">footer插槽:{{ num }}</template>
    </HelloWorld>

三、VueRouter&Vuex

router

const router = new VueRouter({
  mode: 'history',
  base: process.env.BASE_URL,
  routes
})

mode

mode默认为hash,兼容性更好，但切换路由时前面会带上#，列如：http://localhost:8080/#/about

mode为history时，切换路由正常显示，ie10及以上支持

http://localhost:8080/about

base

基础的地址

routes（重点）

配置路由信息

修改路由地址

<router-link to="/">Home</router-link> |
  <router-link to="/about">About</router-link>

组件显示位置

<router-view/>

动态路由

:id（动态）

 {
    path: '/mine/:id',
    name: 'mine',
    props: true,
    component: MyFirstView
  }
<template>
  <div class="MyFirstView">
    <h1>我的组件</h1>
    <p>我的id为{{ id }}</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'MyFirstView',
  props: ['id']
}
</script>
<template>
  <div id="app">
    <nav>
      <router-link to="/">Home</router-link> |
      <router-link to="/about">About</router-link> |
      <router-link to="/mine/20">My</router-link> |
      <router-link :to="{ name: 'mine', params: { id: 29 } }">My</router-link>
    </nav>
    <router-view />
  </div>
</template>

嵌套路由

  {
    path: '/mine/:id',
    name: 'mine',
    props: true,
    component: MyFirstView,
    children: [
      {
        path: 'good',
        name: 'good',
        component: GoodView
      },
      {
        path: 'info',
        name: 'info',
        component: InfoView
      }
    ]
  }
<template>
  <div class="MyFirstView">
    <h1>我的组件</h1>
    <p>我的id为{{ id }}</p>
    <router-link :to="{ name: 'good', params: { id: 20 } }">点赞</router-link>
    <router-link :to="{ name: 'info', params: { id: 20 } }">详情</router-link>
    <router-view />
  </div>
</template>

编程式导航

router：操作路由的动作

route：路由相关的数据（地址、参数）

export default {
  name: 'GoodView',
  created() {
    setTimeout(() => {
      // this.$router.push({ name: 'home' })
      // 路由切换时，进行数据传递
      this.$router.push({ name: 'info', query: { someData: 'good的数据' } })
    }, 3000)
  }
}
export default {
  name: 'InfoView',
  created () {
    console.log(this.$route.query)
  }
}

路由守卫

前置守卫可以用来检测用户是否登录再判断是否能跳转

router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
  console.log('路由触发了')
  next()
})

store(Vuex)

统一数据存储工具

export default new Vuex.Store({
  state: {
  },
  getters: {
  },
  mutations: {
  },
  actions: {
  },
  modules: {
  }
})
state(全局存储数据)
state () {
    return {
      loginStatus: '用户已登录'
    }
  },
console.log(this.$store.state.loginStatus)
mutations(全局修改状态)

调用时用的是commit方法

mutations: {
    changeCount (state, num) {
      state.count += num
      console.log('mutations执行了，count值为' + state.count)
    }
  },
created() {
    this.handler()
  },
  methods: {
    handler() {
      this.$store.commit('changeCount', 1)
      this.$store.commit('changeCount', 2)
      this.$store.commit('changeCount', 3)
    }
  }
actions（执行异步操作）
actions: {
    delayChangeCount (store, num) {
      setTimeout(() => {
        store.commit('changeCount', num)
      }, 3000)
    }
  },
this.$store.dispatch('delayChangeCount', 10)
getters（类似于计算属性，具有缓存性）
  getters: {
    len (state) {
      console.log('getters执行了')
      return state.loginStatus.length
    }
  }
this.$store.getters.len
modules（模块）

不同功能需要有不同的全局处理，使用modules可以避免混乱，更好管理数据

语法：

使用：

四、Vue综合案例（代办事项工具 TodoMVC）

官网：TodoMVC

准备工作（创建项目）

npm create vue@2
cd 项目
npm i
npm run dev

代码实现

<script>

export default {
  data () {
    return {
      todos: JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("todos"))||[],
      editingIndex:-1,//当前编辑元素的索引
      editingValue:"",//当前编辑元素的值
      visibility:"all",
    }
  },
  methods:{
    // 全选或着全不选
    toggleAll(e){
      this.todos.forEach(item=>{
        item.completed=e.target.checked
      })
    },
    // 增加todo
    addTodo(e){
      // 判断增加的值是否为空，如果不为空则添加到数组里面并展示到页面上
      if(e.target.value.trim()!=""){
        this.todos.push({
        id: Date.now(),
        title: e.target.value.trim(),
        completed: false
      })
      }
      localStorage.setItem("todos",JSON.stringify(this.todos))
      console.log(JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("todos")));
      this.todos=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("todos"))
      // 回车之后，清空输入框中的数据
      e.target.value=""
    },
    // 删除todo
    deleteTodo(todo){
      // indexOf() 方法用于在字符串中查找指定的文本，并返回其首次出现的位置。
      // 如果找不到指定的文本，则返回-1
      this.todos.splice(this.todos.indexOf(todo),1);
      localStorage.setItem("todos",JSON.stringify(this.todos))
    },
    // 编辑todo
    editTodo(index){
      this.editingIndex=index
      this.editingValue=this.todos[index].title
      // console.log(this.editingIndex)
      // console.log(this.editingValue)
    },
    // 编辑_保存
    saveItem(){
      this.todos[this.editingIndex].title=this.editingValue
      localStorage.setItem("todos",JSON.stringify(this.todos))
      this.editingIndex=-1
      this.editingValue=""
    },
    // 编辑_取消
    cancelEdit(){
      this.editingIndex=-1
      this.editingValue=""
    },
    // 根据hash值来显示对应的列表
    onHashChange(){
      const hash=location.hash.replace(/#\/?/,"")
      if(["all","active","completed"].includes(hash)){
          this.visibility=hash
      }else{
        location.hash=''
        this.visibility="all"
      }
    },
    // 清除已经完成的事项
    clearCompleted(){
      this.todos= this.todos.filter(todo=>!todo.completed)
      localStorage.setItem("todos",JSON.stringify(this.todos))
    },
  },computed:{
    filteredTodos(){
      switch(this.visibility){
        case "all":{
          return this.todos
        }
        case "active":{
          return this.todos.filter(todo=>!todo.completed)
        }
        case "completed":{
          return this.todos.filter(todo=>todo.completed)
        }
      }
}
  },
  mounted(){
// hashchange事件，顾名思义，就是hash改变时触发的事件。
// window.location.hash值的变化会直接反应到浏览器地址栏（#后面的部分会发生变化），
// 同时，浏览器地址栏hash值的变化也会触发window.location.hash值的变化，
// 从而触发onhashchange事件。
    window.addEventListener("hashchange",this.onHashChange)
    this.onHashChange()
  },
  // 如果想注册局部指令，组件中也接受一个 directives 的选项
  directives: {
    // Todo之自定义指令实现自动聚焦
      focus: {
        inserted: function (el) {
          el.focus()
        }
      }
    }
}
</script>

<template>
  <section class="todoapp">
    <header class="header">
      <h1>todos</h1>
      <input  class="new-todo" @keydown.enter="addTodo" placeholder="What needs to be done?" autofocus />
    </header>
    <!-- This section should be hidden by default and shown when there are todos -->
    <section class="main">
      <input id="toggle-all" class="toggle-all" type="checkbox" @click="toggleAll" />
      <label for="toggle-all">Mark all as complete</label>
      <ul class="todo-list">
        <!-- These are here just to show the structure of the list items -->
        <!-- List items should get the class `editing` when editing and `completed` when marked as completed -->
       <!-- 遍历数据 -->
        <li v-for="todo,index in filteredTodos" :key="todo.id" :class="{completed:todo.completed}"  @dblclick="editTodo(index)">
          <div class="view">
            <input class="toggle" type="checkbox" v-model="todo.completed" />
            <!-- 展示内容 -->
            <label v-if="index!=editingIndex">{{ todo.title }}</label>
            <div v-else style="text-align: center;" >
              <!-- Todo之自定义指令实现自动聚焦 -->
              <input type="text" v-model="editingValue" v-focus="true" >
              <button @click="saveItem">保存</button>
              <button @click="cancelEdit">取消</button>
            </div>
            <button class="destroy" @click="deleteTodo(todo)"></button>
          </div>
          <input class="edit" value="Create a TodoMVC template" />
        </li>
      </ul>
    </section>
    <!-- This footer should be hidden by default and shown when there are todos -->
    <footer class="footer" v-show="this.todos.length">
      <!-- This should be `0 items left` by default -->
      <span class="todo-count"><strong>{{(this.todos.filter(todo=>!todo.completed)).length}}</strong> <span>{{(this.todos.filter(todo=>!todo.completed)).length>1? "items left":"item left"}}</span></span>
      <!-- Remove this if you don't implement routing -->
      <ul class="filters">
        <li>
          <a :class="{selected:visibility=='all'}" href="#/all">All</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a :class="{selected:visibility=='active'}" href="#/active">Active</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a :class="{selected:visibility=='completed'}" href="#/completed">Completed</a>
        </li>
      </ul>
      <!-- Hidden if no completed items are left ↓ -->
      <button class="clear-completed" @click="clearCompleted">Clear completed</button>
    </footer>
  </section>
</template>

<!-- <style scoped> -->
html,
body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

button {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: none;
  font-size: 100%;
  vertical-align: baseline;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-weight: inherit;
  color: inherit;
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  appearance: none;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

body {
  font: 14px 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  line-height: 1.4em;
  background: #f5f5f5;
  color: #111111;
  min-width: 230px;
  max-width: 550px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  font-weight: 300;
}

.hidden {
  display: none;
}

.todoapp {
  background: #fff;
  margin: 130px 0 40px 0;
  position: relative;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 25px 50px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.todoapp input::-webkit-input-placeholder {
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
}

.todoapp input::-moz-placeholder {
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
}

.todoapp input::input-placeholder {
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
}

.todoapp h1 {
  position: absolute;
  top: -140px;
  width: 100%;
  font-size: 80px;
  font-weight: 200;
  text-align: center;
  color: #b83f45;
  -webkit-text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  -moz-text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

.new-todo,
.edit {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0;
  width: 100%;
  font-size: 24px;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-weight: inherit;
  line-height: 1.4em;
  color: inherit;
  padding: 6px;
  border: 1px solid #999;
  box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 5px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  box-sizing: border-box;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

.new-todo {
  padding: 16px 16px 16px 60px;
  height: 65px;
  border: none;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.003);
  box-shadow: inset 0 -2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03);
}

.main {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  border-top: 1px solid #e6e6e6;
}

.toggle-all {
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  border: none; /* Mobile Safari */
  opacity: 0;
  position: absolute;
  right: 100%;
  bottom: 100%;
}

.toggle-all + label {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 45px;
  height: 65px;
  font-size: 0;
  position: absolute;
  top: -65px;
  left: -0;
}

.toggle-all + label:before {
  content: '?';
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 22px;
  color: #949494;
  padding: 10px 27px 10px 27px;
  -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg);
  transform: rotate(90deg);
}

.toggle-all:checked + label:before {
  color: #484848;
}

.todo-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.todo-list li {
  position: relative;
  font-size: 24px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ededed;
}

.todo-list li:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.todo-list li.editing {
  border-bottom: none;
  padding: 0;
}

.todo-list li.editing .edit {
  display: block;
  width: calc(100% - 43px);
  padding: 12px 16px;
  margin: 0 0 0 43px;
}

.todo-list li.editing .view {
  display: none;
}

.todo-list li .toggle {
  text-align: center;
  width: 40px;
  /* auto, since non-WebKit browsers doesn't support input styling */
  height: auto;
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  margin: auto 0;
  border: none; /* Mobile Safari */
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  appearance: none;
}

.todo-list li .toggle {
  opacity: 0;
}

.todo-list li .toggle + label {
  /*
		Firefox requires `#` to be escaped - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=922433
		IE and Edge requires *everything* to be escaped to render, so we do that instead of just the `#` - https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/7157459/
	*/
  background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%2240%22%20height%3D%2240%22%20viewBox%3D%22-10%20-18%20100%20135%22%3E%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%2250%22%20cy%3D%2250%22%20r%3D%2250%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23949494%22%20stroke-width%3D%223%22/%3E%3C/svg%3E');
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center left;
}

.todo-list li .toggle:checked + label {
  background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2240%22%20height%3D%2240%22%20viewBox%3D%22-10%20-18%20100%20135%22%3E%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%2250%22%20cy%3D%2250%22%20r%3D%2250%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%2359A193%22%20stroke-width%3D%223%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%233EA390%22%20d%3D%22M72%2025L42%2071%2027%2056l-4%204%2020%2020%2034-52z%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E');
}

.todo-list li label {
  word-break: break-all;
  padding: 15px 15px 15px 60px;
  display: block;
  line-height: 1.2;
  transition: color 0.4s;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: #484848;
}

.todo-list li.completed label {
  color: #949494;
  text-decoration: line-through;
}

.todo-list li .destroy {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  right: 10px;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  margin: auto 0;
  font-size: 30px;
  color: #949494;
  transition: color 0.2s ease-out;
}

.todo-list li .destroy:hover,
.todo-list li .destroy:focus {
  color: #c18585;
}

.todo-list li .destroy:after {
  content: '×';
  display: block;
  height: 100%;
  line-height: 1.1;
}

.todo-list li:hover .destroy {
  display: block;
}

.todo-list li .edit {
  display: none;
}

.todo-list li.editing:last-child {
  margin-bottom: -1px;
}

.footer {
  padding: 10px 15px;
  height: 20px;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 15px;
  border-top: 1px solid #e6e6e6;
}

.footer:before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 50px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 8px 0 -3px #f6f6f6,
    0 9px 1px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 16px 0 -6px #f6f6f6,
    0 17px 2px -6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.todo-count {
  float: left;
  text-align: left;
}

.todo-count strong {
  font-weight: 300;
}

.filters {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
}

.filters li {
  display: inline;
}

.filters li a {
  color: inherit;
  margin: 3px;
  padding: 3px 7px;
  text-decoration: none;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 3px;
}

.filters li a:hover {
  border-color: #db7676;
}

.filters li a.selected {
  border-color: #ce4646;
}

.clear-completed,
html .clear-completed:active {
  float: right;
  position: relative;
  line-height: 19px;
  text-decoration: none;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.clear-completed:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.info {
  margin: 65px auto 0;
  color: #4d4d4d;
  font-size: 11px;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  text-align: center;
}

.info p {
  line-height: 1;
}

.info a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.info a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/*
	Hack to remove background from Mobile Safari.
	Can't use it globally since it destroys checkboxes in Firefox
*/
@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 0) {
  .toggle-all,
  .todo-list li .toggle {
    background: none;
  }

  .todo-list li .toggle {
    height: 40px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 430px) {
  .footer {
    height: 50px;
  }

  .filters {
    bottom: 10px;
  }
}

:focus,
.toggle:focus + label,
.toggle-all:focus + label {
  box-shadow: 0 0 2px 2px #cf7d7d;
  outline: 0;
}
</style>

<style>
@import 'https://unpkg.com/todomvc-app-css@2.4.1/index.css';
</style>
文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51591826/article/details/135186176
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