在日常工作和学习中,有很多地方都需要发送HTTP请求,本文以Java为例,总结发送HTTP请求的多种方式
HttpURLConnection
?是 Java 标准库中用来发送 HTTP 请求和接收 HTTP 响应的类。
它预先定义了一些方法,如?setRequestMethod()
、setRequestProperty()
?和?getResponseCode()
,方便开发者自由地控制请求和响应
示例代码
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class HttpURLConnectionExample {
private static HttpURLConnection con;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
URL url = new URL("https://www.example.com");
con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
con.setRequestMethod("GET");
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
String inputLine;
StringBuffer content = new StringBuffer();
while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
content.append(inputLine);
}
in.close();
con.disconnect();
System.out.println(content.toString());
}
}
HttpClient 是一个 HTTP 客户端库,提供了向 HTTP 服务器发送请求和处理响应的方法。
它支持多种请求协议,如 GET、POST 等,并允许开发者自由地设置请求头、请求参数、连接池等。HttpClient 还提供了基于线程池的异步请求处理方式。
示例代码
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
public class HttpClientExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://www.example.com");
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
System.out.println(result);
} finally {
response.close();
}
}
}
Okhttp 是由 Square 公司开发的一款轻量级网络请求库,支持普通的 HTTP/1.1 和 SPDY,可与 Retrofit 等网络请求框架搭配使用。
示例代码
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;
import java.io.IOException;
public class OkhttpExample {
private static final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Request request = new Request.builder()
.url("https://www.example.com")
.build();
try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
String result = response.body().string();
System.out.println(result);
}
}
}
RestTemplate
?是 Spring 库中用于访问 REST API 的类,它基于?HttpMessageConverter
?接口,可以将 Java 对象转换为请求参数或响应内容。
RestTemplate
?还支持各种 HTTP 请求方法、请求头部定制、文件上传和下载等操作。
示例代码
public class HttpTemplate {
public static String httpGet(String url) {
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
String result = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, null, String.class).getBody();
return result;
}
public static String httpPost(String url, String name) {
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
return restTemplate.postForEntity(url, name, String.class).getBody();
}
public static void main(String str[]) {
System.out.println(HttpTemplate.httpGet("https://www.example.com"));
System.out.println(HttpTemplate.httpPost("https://www.example.com", "ming"));
}
}
注:上述示例代码,我们并没有考虑网络请求可能失败的情况。在实际应用中,需要对异常进行捕获和处理。?