实现内网主机通过DHCP获取IP地址

发布时间:2023年12月22日

实现内网主机通过DHCP获取IP地址

拓扑

需求:

  • 每个VLAN的IP地址为192.168.xx.0,xx为vlan ID;
  • DHCP服务器地址为192.168.66.1,网关为192.168.66.254,网关部署在SW6上,实现终端获取IP地址

配置步骤:

1) 接入层交换机连创建vlan,连接PC的接口配置接口为access,并且加入指定vlan

2) 交换机和交换机互联的接口配置trunk 允许所有vlan通过

3)在核心交换机SW6中配置vlanif的管理IP

SW10-要创建vlan,配置trunk 配置access

4)配置DHCP服务器,创建地址池

5)SW6核心交换机通过vlanif66和dhcp互通

6)dhcp配置回程的默认路由到DHCP中继(SW6)

7) 在SW6中配置DHCP中继

配置命令:

 第一步:接入层交换机的基础配置: 

 SW1的配置: 
sysname SW1
#
vlan batch 10 20 30 40 66
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
  port link-type access
  port default vlan 10
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
  port link-type access
  port default vlan 20
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/12
  port link-type trunk
  port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
  
  
 SW2的配置: 
sysname SW2
#
vlan batch 10 20 30 40 66
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
  port link-type access
  port default vlan 10
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4
  port link-type access
  port default vlan 30
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/12
  port link-type trunk
  port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
  

 SW3的配置: 
sysname SW3
#
vlan batch 10 20 30 40 66
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/5
  port link-type access
  port default vlan 20
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/6
  port link-type access
  port default vlan 40
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/12
  port link-type trunk
  port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094


 SW4的配置: 
sysname SW4
#
vlan batch 10 20 30 40 66
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/7
  port link-type access
  port default vlan 40
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/8
  port link-type access
  port default vlan 30
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/12
  port link-type trunk
  port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/23
  port link-type trunk
  port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094


 第二步:配置DHCP服务器,配置IP地址池 

 DHCP服务器配置: 
[R6-DHCP]dhcp enable
[R6-DHCP]int g0/0/0
[R6-DHCP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.66.1 24
[R6-DHCP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select  global
[R6-DHCP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R6-DHCP]ip pool vlan10
[R6-DHCP-ip-pool-vlan10]network 192.168.10.0  mask 24
[R6-DHCP-ip-pool-vlan10]gateway-list 192.168.10.254
[R6-DHCP-ip-pool-vlan10]dns-list 8.8.8.8

[R6-DHCP-ip-pool-vlan10]ip pool vlan20
[R6-DHCP-ip-pool-vlan20]network 192.168.20.0 mask 24
[R6-DHCP-ip-pool-vlan20]gateway-list 192.168.20.254
[R6-DHCP-ip-pool-vlan20]dns-list 8.8.8.8

[R6-DHCP]ip pool vlan30
[R6-DHCP-ip-pool-vlan30]network 192.168.30.0  mask 24
[R6-DHCP-ip-pool-vlan30]gateway-list 192.168.30.254
[R6-DHCP-ip-pool-vlan30]dns-list 8.8.8.8

[R6-DHCP-ip-pool-vlan30]ip  pool vlan40
[R6-DHCP-ip-pool-vlan40]network 192.168.40.0 mask 24
[R6-DHCP-ip-pool-vlan40]gateway-list 192.168.40.254 
[R6-DHCP-ip-pool-vlan40]dns-list 8.8.8.8


 第三步:配置核心交换机SW6, 配置DHCP中继 
[Huawei]sys SW6
[SW6]vlan batch 10 20 30 40 66
[SW6]dhcp enable 
[SW6]port-group group-member g0/0/1 to g0/0/4  g0/0/24
[SW6-port-group]port link-type trunk
[SW6-port-group]port trunk allow-pass vlan all

[SW6]int vlan 10
[SW6-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.10.252 24
[SW6-Vlanif10]dhcp select relay
[SW6-Vlanif10]dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.66.1

[SW6-Vlanif10]int vlan 20
[SW6-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.20.252 24
[SW6-Vlanif20]dhcp select relay
[SW6-Vlanif20]dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.66.1

[SW6-Vlanif20]int vlan 30
[SW6-Vlanif30]ip add 192.168.30.252 24
[SW6-Vlanif30]dhcp select relay
[SW6-Vlanif30]dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.66.1

[SW6-Vlanif30]int vlan 40
[SW6-Vlanif40]ip add 192.168.40.252 24
[SW6-Vlanif40]dhcp select relay
[SW6-Vlanif40]dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.66.1

 
 第四步:SW10交换机的基础配置 
[SW10]vlan batch 10 20 30 40 66
[SW10]port-group group-member g0/0/23 g0/0/24
[SW10-port-group]port link-type trunk
[SW10-port-group]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
[SW10-port-group]quit
[SW10]int g0/0/6
[SW10-G0/0/6]port link-type access
[SW10-G0/0/6]port default vlan 66


 第五步:排除常见错误: 

备注:现在我们配置完dhcp服务器和dhcp中继,主机能够获取IP地址吗?
     如果不能获取IP地址,为什么?  原因是什么?  怎么排错?
     
解决主机无法获取IP地址的问题?
1) 用SW6中继设备去pingDHCP服务器,看DHCP中继和DHCP服务器是否互通
     [sw6] ping   192.168.66.1  
    经过验证发现不通:  无法发包,为什么?
    
    [sw6] display  ip routing-table  192.168.66.1
    发现: SW6没有去往 192.168.66.1 的路由 
    
 
2) 在SW6中给vlanif 66 配置管理IP地址
    [SW6]int vlan 66
    [SW6-Vlanif66]ip add 192.168.66.254 24
    
     再次验证:
    [sw6] display  ip routing-table  192.168.66.1
    发现: SW6有去往 192.168.66.1 的直连路由  


3) 在DHCP中,配置去往中继地址的回程的默认路由
   [R6-DHCP]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.66.254


备注:能获取IP地址了,但是每个vlan中只有1个PC能获取到IP地址,第2台pc无法获取IP地址

原因:地址冲突:  192.168.XX.252 和vlanif管理IP地址,冲突

解决方案:
1)把所有PC的dhcp功能都关闭
2)重置DHCP地址池
<R6-DHCP>reset ip pool name vlan10 all
<R6-DHCP>reset ip pool name vlan20 all
<R6-DHCP>reset ip pool name vlan30 all
<R6-DHCP>reset ip pool name vlan40 all

3)在dhcp中做ping探测  
备注:每次dhcp发IP地址的时候,都先ping 一下,如果能ping通
就证明这个IP地址有人再用,跳过这个IP地址,发下一个IP地址

[R6-DHCP]dhcp server ping packet 4       //地址探测
[R6-DHCP]dhcp server ping timeout 100


第六步:再次验证
发现PC可以正常获取IP地址
文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_72194028/article/details/135144954
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