上一节 【DDR】基于Verilog的DDR控制器的简单实现(一)——初始化
本文继续以美光(Micron)公司生产的DDR3芯片MT41J512M8RH-093(芯片手册)为例,说明DDR芯片的写操作过程。
DDR芯片内部存储如下图(来源P16 512 Meg x 8 Functional Block Diagram),由多个存储单元构成的阵列构成,每个存储单元大小(即DDR_DQ引脚位宽)为1个字节,DDR芯片每次读写操作对Column低3位相同的8个存储单元连续进行,即Burst操作(可通过设置MR0寄存器的BL位设置为BL8(每次连续操作8个字节)或BC4(每次连续操作4个字节),具体见P142 Figure 54: Mode Register 0 (MR0) Definitions)。
在存储单元的寻址上采用Bank、Row、Column的方式,MT41J512M8RH-093芯片共有8个Bank,65536个Row,以及128x8个Column(读写操作将Column低3位相同的8个Column视为一组)。
下图展示了DDR芯片的工作状态机(来自 P12 Fig.2 Simplified State Diagram),在DDR芯片初始化过程完成后,DDR芯片进入空闲状态,在该状态下DDR控制器可发送指令进行ZQ重新校准、刷新、激活等操作。可以看到,DDR芯片在进行读写(Reading、Writing)操作前需要进行激活(Activating)操作,在读写操作结束后需要进行预充电(PreCharging)操作。
激活操作的指令格式可从(P118 Table 70: Truth Table – Command)找到,它作用于指定Bank的指定Row中的所有Column。每个Bank同时只能存在一个激活状态的Row(P121),通过预充电操作可以取消Row的激活状态。
预充电操作包含单bank预充电(Single-bank PRECHARGE)和全bank预充电(PRECHARGE all banks)两种类型。其中单bank预充电需要指定bank的类型。
写操作主要需要用到的指令如下。(P122 Table 73: WRITE Command Summary、P118 Table 70: Truth Table – Command)
在写指令中,CA的[2:0]位无论如何变化,写入数据的顺序均从Column0到7顺序进行。不同于读操作时CA[2:0]能够决定读出数据的顺序,类似于AXI的WRAP(P143 Table 76: Burst Order)。
除了上面涉及到的信号外,在WRITE指令发出后,还需要DDR_DQ [7:0]用于提供写入存储单元的数据,DDR_DM用于告知写入数据是否有效(低电平有效),DDR_DQS用于提供写入存储单元数据的时钟。
在写操作过程中主要关注下面几个时序参数。(来自P94 Table 59: Electrical Characteristics and AC Operating Conditions for Speed Extensions (Continued))
* tDQSS =(-0.27, 0.27)CK ;DQS相对CK的相位差范围
* tDSS >0.18CK
* tWPRE >0.9CK ;DQS的preamble
* tWPST >0.3CK ;DQS的postamble
* tDS >55ps ;DQ的建立时间,这里使用ODELAY实现
* tDH >60ps ;DQ的保持时间
* tRAS >33ns ;在对一行Row的激活指令结束后需要等待tRAS时间才能使用预充电指令
* tWR >15ns ;写恢复时间,在写指令结束后需要等待tWR时间才能使用预充电指令
一次完整的写过程波形如下(P176 Figure 86: WRITE Burst),当WRITE指令发出后,在tWL±tDQSS的时间范围内(tAL与tCWL的时间由初始化阶段写入MR0和MR2的对应值决定,tDQSS可从Table 59查到),需要在DQ、DM信号线上输出写入对应Column的数据,同时在DQS信号线上输出写入数据的时钟。这里展示的是突发长度为8的操作。为了确保DQ写入的数据能够被DDR存储,DQS时钟信号需要在DQ第一个数据出现前tWPRE就已经出现,在DQ最后一个数据结束后tWPST结束。此外每个DQ数据需要满足相对于DQS时钟的建立时间tDS和保持时间tDH要求(P183 Figure 96: Data Input Timing)。
这里将时钟周期取为最小时钟周期0.938ns,对应时钟频率1066.099MHz。tDQSS取为0,此时DQS时钟与clk时钟相同,每次连续写操作只对8个地址中的首个数据,最终得到的DDR3写数据代码如下:
`timescale 1ns / 1ps
//
// Company:
// Engineer: wjh776a68
//
// Create Date: 01/09/2024 08:45:15 PM
// Design Name:
// Module Name: micron_ddr_wrbyte
// Project Name:
// Target Devices: VU9P
// Tool Versions: 2017.4
// Description:
//
// Dependencies:
//
// Revision:
// Revision 0.01 - File Created
// Additional Comments:
//
//
// ddr3 x8 4Gb MT41J512M8RH-093
/****************************
* DDR3L-2133 https://www.micron.com/-/media/client/global/documents/products/data-sheet/dram/ddr3/4gb_ddr3l.pdf?rev=305217e2f9bd4ef48d7c6f353dfc064c
* CK(MIN) 0.938 ns
* CL 14 CK
* RCD(MIN) 14 CK
* RC(MIN) 50 CK
* RAS(MIN) 36 CK
* RP(MIN) 14 CK
* FAW 27 CK
* RRD 6 CK
* RFC 279CK
* XPR >max(5CK, RFC+10ns)
* MRD >4CK
* MOD >max(12CK, 15ns)
* ZQinit <max(512nCK, 640ns)
* DLLK >512CK
*
* tDQSS =(-0.27, 0.27)CK P94
* tDSS >0.18CK
* tWPRE >0.9CK
* tWPST >0.3CK
* tDS >55ps
* tDH >60ps
* tRAS >33ns
* tWR >15ns
*
* command all p118
* initial waveform p137
*
* COMMAND | NOP | MRS_1 | MRS_2 | MRS_3 | MRS_4 | ZQCL
* ddr_cke | 1 1 | 1 1 | 1 1 | 1 1 | 1 1 | 1 1
* ddr_dqs_en | 0 | | | | |
* ddr_dq_en | 0 | | | | |
* ddr_cs_n | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
* ddr_ras_n | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
* ddr_cas_n | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
* ddr_we_n | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
* ddr_ba | vvv | 010 | 011 | 001 | 000 |
* ddr_addr | vvv | 28 | 00 | 44 | 124 | a[10]
* ddr_odt | 0 | | | | |
*
* ACT : open a row in a bank, do PRECHANGE after open other row in the same bank P161
* PRECHARGE : access for the same bank is avaliable for 'RP after PRECHARGE *
* WRITE COMMAND (P122 Table 73)
* COMMAND | WR | WRS4 | WRS8 | WRAP | WRAPS4| WRAPS8
* ddr_cke | 1 1 | 1 1 | 1 1 | 1 1 | 1 1 | 1 1
* ddr_dqs_en | - | | | | |
* ddr_dq_en | - | | | | |
* ddr_cs_n | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
* ddr_ras_n | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
* ddr_cas_n | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
* ddr_we_n | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
* ddr_ba | BA | BA | BA | BA | BA | BA
* ddr_addr12 | v | 0 | 1 | v | 0 | 1
* ddr_addr10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1
* ddr_addr | CA | | | | |
* ddr_odt | - | | | | |
* ddr_dq | data write to mem
* ddr_dm | 0 : dq valid ; 1 : dq invalid, write skip that byte/column
***************************************************************/
module micron_ddr_wrbyte #(
parameter CLK_FREQ = 1066.099, // MHz
parameter _1MS_CYCLE = 10.0**-3 / (1.0 / (CLK_FREQ * 10**6)),
parameter _1US_CYCLE = 10.0**-6 / (1.0 / (CLK_FREQ * 10**6)),
parameter integer INITIAL_CYCLE = 200 * _1US_CYCLE,
parameter integer INITIAL_STABLE_CYCLE = 500 * _1US_CYCLE,
parameter integer FREE_CYCLE = _1US_CYCLE
) (
output reg [15:0] ddr_addr,
output reg [2:0] ddr_ba,
output reg ddr_cas_n,
output reg [0:0] ddr_ck_n,
output reg [0:0] ddr_ck_p,
output reg [0:0] ddr_cke,
output reg [0:0] ddr_cs_n,
output reg [0:0] ddr_dm,
inout [7:0] ddr_dq,
inout [0:0] ddr_dqs_n,
inout [0:0] ddr_dqs_p,
output reg [0:0] ddr_odt,
output reg ddr_ras_n,
output reg ddr_reset_n,
output reg ddr_we_n,
input [28:0] s_wraddr, // 4Gb -> 512MB -> 512M -> 2^29
// 3BA 16RA 10CA
input [7:0] s_wrdata,
input s_wrstrb,
input s_wren,
input clk
);
localparam [27:0] NOP_CMD = {11'b11110111000, 16'h0000, 1'b0};
localparam [27:0] MRS1_CMD = {11'b11110000010, 16'h0028, 1'b0}; //MR2 tCWL=5 A5-A3
localparam [27:0] MRS2_CMD = {11'b11110000011, 16'h0000, 1'b0}; //MR3
localparam [27:0] MRS3_CMD = {11'b11110000001, 16'h0044, 1'b0}; //MR1 tAL=0 A4-A3
localparam [27:0] MRS4_CMD = {11'b11110000000, 16'h0124, 1'b0}; //MR0
localparam [27:0] ZQCL_CMD = {11'b11110110000, 16'h0400, 1'b0};
localparam [27:0] ACT_CMD = {11'b11110011000, 16'h0000, 1'b0}; // ba ra
localparam [27:0] PRE_CMD = {11'b11110010000, 16'h0000, 1'b0}; // ba
localparam [27:0] WR_CMD = {11'b11110100000, 16'h0000, 1'b0}; // dqs_o dq_o ba ca
reg ddr_cke_p1, ddr_cke_p2;
reg ddr_dqs_o, ddr_dqs_en;
wire ddr_dqs_i;
reg [7:0] ddr_dq_o_r_p1, ddr_dq_o_r_p2;
wire [7:0] ddr_dq_o_r;
wire [7:0] ddr_dq_o, ddr_dq_i;
reg ddr_dq_en;
reg ddr_dm_o_r_p1, ddr_dm_o_r_p2;
wire ddr_dm_o_r;
wire ddr_dm_o;
wire [2:0] wraddr_ba_s;
wire [15:0] wraddr_ra_s;
wire [9:0] wraddr_ca_s;
wire [7:0] wrdata_s;
wire wrstrb_s;
reg [2:0] wraddr_ba_r;
reg [15:0] wraddr_ra_r;
reg [9:0] wraddr_ca_r;
reg [7:0] wrdata_r;
reg wrstrb_r;
OBUFDS OBUFDS_ck (
.O(ddr_ck_p), // 1-bit output: Diff_p output (connect directly to top-level port)
.OB(ddr_ck_n), // 1-bit output: Diff_n output (connect directly to top-level port)
.I(clk) // 1-bit input: Buffer input
);
IOBUFDS #(
.DQS_BIAS("FALSE") // (FALSE, TRUE)
)
IOBUFDS_dqs_inst (
.O(ddr_dqs_i), // 1-bit output: Buffer output
.I(ddr_dqs_o), // 1-bit input: Buffer input
.IO(ddr_dqs_p), // 1-bit inout: Diff_p inout (connect directly to top-level port)
.IOB(ddr_dqs_n), // 1-bit inout: Diff_n inout (connect directly to top-level port)
.T(ddr_dqs_en) // 1-bit input: 3-state enable input
);
generate
OBUF OBUF_dm_inst (
.O(ddr_dm), // 1-bit output: Buffer output (connect directly to top-level port)
.I(ddr_dm_o) // 1-bit input: Buffer input
);
IDELAYCTRL #(
.SIM_DEVICE("ULTRASCALE") // Must be set to "ULTRASCALE"
)
IDELAYCTRL_dm_o_inst (
.RDY(), // 1-bit output: Ready output
.REFCLK(clk), // 1-bit input: Reference clock input
.RST(1'b0) // 1-bit input: Active high reset input. Asynchronous assert, synchronous deassert to
// REFCLK.
);
ODELAYE3 #(
.CASCADE("NONE"), // Cascade setting (MASTER, NONE, SLAVE_END, SLAVE_MIDDLE)
.DELAY_FORMAT("TIME"), // (COUNT, TIME)
.DELAY_TYPE("FIXED"), // Set the type of tap delay line (FIXED, VARIABLE, VAR_LOAD)
.DELAY_VALUE(55), // Output delay tap setting (ps)
.IS_CLK_INVERTED(1'b0), // Optional inversion for CLK
.IS_RST_INVERTED(1'b0), // Optional inversion for RST
.REFCLK_FREQUENCY(1066.098), // IDELAYCTRL clock input frequency in MHz (200.0-2667.0).
.SIM_DEVICE("ULTRASCALE"), // Set the device version (ULTRASCALE, ULTRASCALE_PLUS, ULTRASCALE_PLUS_ES1,
// ULTRASCALE_PLUS_ES2)
.UPDATE_MODE("ASYNC") // Determines when updates to the delay will take effect (ASYNC, MANUAL, SYNC)
)
ODELAYE3_dm_o_inst (
.CASC_OUT(), // 1-bit output: Cascade delay output to IDELAY input cascade
.CNTVALUEOUT(), // 9-bit output: Counter value output
.DATAOUT(ddr_dm_o), // 1-bit output: Delayed data from ODATAIN input port
.CASC_IN(1'b0), // 1-bit input: Cascade delay input from slave IDELAY CASCADE_OUT
.CASC_RETURN(1'b0), // 1-bit input: Cascade delay returning from slave IDELAY DATAOUT
.CE(1'b1), // 1-bit input: Active high enable increment/decrement input
.CLK(clk), // 1-bit input: Clock input
.CNTVALUEIN(9'b0), // 9-bit input: Counter value input
.EN_VTC(1'b1), // 1-bit input: Keep delay constant over VT
.INC(1'b0), // 1-bit input: Increment/Decrement tap delay input
.LOAD(1'b0), // 1-bit input: Load DELAY_VALUE input
.ODATAIN(ddr_dm_o_r), // 1-bit input: Data input
.RST(1'b0) // 1-bit input: Asynchronous Reset to the DELAY_VALUE
);
ODDRE1 #(
.IS_C_INVERTED(1'b1), // Optional inversion for C
.IS_D1_INVERTED(1'b0), // Unsupported, do not use
.IS_D2_INVERTED(1'b0), // Unsupported, do not use
.SRVAL(1'b0) // Initializes the ODDRE1 Flip-Flops to the specified value (1'b0, 1'b1)
)
ODDRE1_dm_o_inst (
.Q(ddr_dm_o_r), // 1-bit output: Data output to IOB
.C(clk), // 1-bit input: High-speed clock input
.D1(ddr_dm_o_r_p1), // 1-bit input: Parallel data input 1
.D2(ddr_dm_o_r_p2), // 1-bit input: Parallel data input 2
.SR(1'b0) // 1-bit input: Active High Async Reset
);
for (genvar i = 0; i < 8; i++) begin
IOBUF IOBUF_dq_inst (
.O(ddr_dq_i[i]), // 1-bit output: Buffer output
.I(ddr_dq_o[i]), // 1-bit input: Buffer input
.IO(ddr_dq[i]), // 1-bit inout: Buffer inout (connect directly to top-level port)
.T(ddr_dq_en) // 1-bit input: 3-state enable input
);
IDELAYCTRL #(
.SIM_DEVICE("ULTRASCALE") // Must be set to "ULTRASCALE"
)
IDELAYCTRL_dq_o_inst (
.RDY(), // 1-bit output: Ready output
.REFCLK(clk), // 1-bit input: Reference clock input
.RST(1'b0) // 1-bit input: Active high reset input. Asynchronous assert, synchronous deassert to
// REFCLK.
);
ODELAYE3 #(
.CASCADE("NONE"), // Cascade setting (MASTER, NONE, SLAVE_END, SLAVE_MIDDLE)
.DELAY_FORMAT("TIME"), // (COUNT, TIME)
.DELAY_TYPE("FIXED"), // Set the type of tap delay line (FIXED, VARIABLE, VAR_LOAD)
.DELAY_VALUE(55), // Output delay tap setting (ps)
.IS_CLK_INVERTED(1'b0), // Optional inversion for CLK
.IS_RST_INVERTED(1'b0), // Optional inversion for RST
.REFCLK_FREQUENCY(1066.098), // IDELAYCTRL clock input frequency in MHz (200.0-2667.0).
.SIM_DEVICE("ULTRASCALE"), // Set the device version (ULTRASCALE, ULTRASCALE_PLUS, ULTRASCALE_PLUS_ES1,
// ULTRASCALE_PLUS_ES2)
.UPDATE_MODE("ASYNC") // Determines when updates to the delay will take effect (ASYNC, MANUAL, SYNC)
)
ODELAYE3_dq_o_inst (
.CASC_OUT(), // 1-bit output: Cascade delay output to IDELAY input cascade
.CNTVALUEOUT(), // 9-bit output: Counter value output
.DATAOUT(ddr_dq_o[i]), // 1-bit output: Delayed data from ODATAIN input port
.CASC_IN(1'b0), // 1-bit input: Cascade delay input from slave IDELAY CASCADE_OUT
.CASC_RETURN(1'b0), // 1-bit input: Cascade delay returning from slave IDELAY DATAOUT
.CE(1'b1), // 1-bit input: Active high enable increment/decrement input
.CLK(clk), // 1-bit input: Clock input
.CNTVALUEIN(9'b0), // 9-bit input: Counter value input
.EN_VTC(1'b1), // 1-bit input: Keep delay constant over VT
.INC(1'b0), // 1-bit input: Increment/Decrement tap delay input
.LOAD(1'b0), // 1-bit input: Load DELAY_VALUE input
.ODATAIN(ddr_dq_o_r[i]), // 1-bit input: Data input
.RST(1'b0) // 1-bit input: Asynchronous Reset to the DELAY_VALUE
);
ODDRE1 #(
.IS_C_INVERTED(1'b1), // Optional inversion for C
.IS_D1_INVERTED(1'b0), // Unsupported, do not use
.IS_D2_INVERTED(1'b0), // Unsupported, do not use
.SRVAL(1'b0) // Initializes the ODDRE1 Flip-Flops to the specified value (1'b0, 1'b1)
)
ODDRE1_dq_o_inst (
.Q(ddr_dq_o_r[i]), // 1-bit output: Data output to IOB
.C(clk), // 1-bit input: High-speed clock input
.D1(ddr_dq_o_r_p1[i]), // 1-bit input: Parallel data input 1
.D2(ddr_dq_o_r_p2[i]), // 1-bit input: Parallel data input 2
.SR(1'b0) // 1-bit input: Active High Async Reset
);
end
endgenerate
ODDRE1 #(
.IS_C_INVERTED(1'b1), // Optional inversion for C
.IS_D1_INVERTED(1'b0), // Unsupported, do not use
.IS_D2_INVERTED(1'b0), // Unsupported, do not use
.SRVAL(1'b0) // Initializes the ODDRE1 Flip-Flops to the specified value (1'b0, 1'b1)
)
ODDRE1_cke_inst (
.Q(ddr_cke), // 1-bit output: Data output to IOB
.C(clk), // 1-bit input: High-speed clock input
.D1(ddr_cke_p1), // 1-bit input: Parallel data input 1
.D2(ddr_cke_p2), // 1-bit input: Parallel data input 1
.SR(1'b0) // 1-bit input: Active High Async Reset
);
//OBUFDS OBUFDS_dqs (
// .O(ddr_dqs_p), // 1-bit output: Diff_p output (connect directly to top-level port)
// .OB(ddr_dqs_n), // 1-bit output: Diff_n output (connect directly to top-level port)
// .I(ddr_dqs) // 1-bit input: Buffer input
// );
reg [15:0] ddr_addr_r;
reg [2:0] ddr_ba_r;
reg ddr_cas_n_r;
reg [0:0] ddr_cs_n_r;
// reg [0:0] ddr_dm_r; // no ref
reg [0:0] ddr_odt_r;
reg ddr_ras_n_r;
reg ddr_we_n_r;
reg ddr_dq_en_r;
reg ddr_dqs_en_r;
always @(negedge clk) begin
ddr_addr <= ddr_addr_r ;
ddr_ba <= ddr_ba_r ;
ddr_cas_n <= ddr_cas_n_r ;
ddr_cs_n <= ddr_cs_n_r ;
// ddr_dm <= ddr_dm_r ;
ddr_odt <= ddr_odt_r ;
ddr_ras_n <= ddr_ras_n_r ;
ddr_we_n <= ddr_we_n_r ;
ddr_dq_en <= ddr_dq_en_r;
ddr_dqs_en <= ddr_dqs_en_r;
end
reg [5:0] cs = 0, ns;
reg [31:0] initial_cnt = 0;
reg [31:0] initial_stable_cnt = 0;
reg [31:0] freerun_cnt = 0;
reg [5:0] trcd_cnt = 0;
reg [5:0] twl_cnt = 0;
reg [5:0] twr_cnt = 0;
reg [5:0] burst_cnt = 0;
reg [3:0] initial_cmd_ptr = 0;
reg [27:0] initial_cmd_seq[0:5] = '{NOP_CMD, MRS1_CMD, MRS2_CMD, MRS3_CMD, MRS4_CMD, ZQCL_CMD};
reg initial_finish = 0;
always @(negedge clk) begin
cs <= ns;
end
always @(*) begin
case (cs)
0: begin
if (initial_cnt == INITIAL_CYCLE) begin // wait 200us
ns = 1;
end else begin
ns = 0;
end
end
1: begin // wait 500us
if (initial_stable_cnt == INITIAL_STABLE_CYCLE) begin // wait 500us
ns = 2;
end else begin
ns = 1;
end
end
2: begin
ns = 3;
end
3: begin
if (freerun_cnt == FREE_CYCLE) begin
if (initial_finish) begin
ns = 4;
end else begin
ns = 2;
end
end else begin
ns = 3;
end
end
4: begin
if (s_wren) begin
ns = 5; // Goto ACTIVATE max(tRC, tRRD, tFAW/4), same bank ACTIVATE at least tRC, different bank ACTIVATE at least tRRD, no more than four bank ACT during tFAW (P161 Fig.67)
end else begin
ns = 4;
end
end
5: begin // ACTIVATE
if (trcd_cnt == 14) begin
ns = 6; // WRITE/READ Operation prior to tRCD after ACT
end else begin
ns = 5;
end
end
6: begin // WRITE WRITE-WRITE delay tCCD, DATA provided at posedge of DQS with latency AL+CWL in MR0 and MR2 , tWTR tWR P174 P176
if (twl_cnt == 5 + 5) begin // tCWL + tAL = 5 ddr_dq_o_r has extra one cycle delay -> 5 - 2
ns = 7;
end else begin
ns = 6;
end
end
7: begin // WRITE DATA WL latency
// if (ddr_dqs_i) begin // tDQSS = 0
if (burst_cnt == 4) begin // double burst == 8
ns = 8;
end else begin
ns = 7;
end
// end else begin
// ns = 7;
// end
end
8: begin // POSTEAMBLE
if (twr_cnt == 16) begin
ns = 9; // Write to ReCharge tWR >15ns ACT to ReCharge tRAS>33ns
end else begin
ns = 8;
end
end
9: begin // PRECHARGE
ns = 4;
end
default: begin
ns = 0;
end
endcase
end
always @(negedge clk) begin
case (ns)
0: begin
initial_cnt <= initial_cnt + 1;
end
default: begin
initial_cnt <= 0;
end
endcase
end
always @(negedge clk) begin
case (ns)
1: begin
initial_stable_cnt <= initial_stable_cnt + 1;
end
default: begin
initial_stable_cnt <= 0;
end
endcase
end
always @(negedge clk) begin
case (ns)
3: begin
freerun_cnt <= freerun_cnt + 1;
end
default: begin
freerun_cnt <= 0;
end
endcase
end
always @(negedge clk) begin
case (ns)
2: begin
if (initial_cmd_ptr == 6 - 1) begin
initial_finish <= 1;
end else begin
initial_finish <= 0;
end
initial_cmd_ptr <= initial_cmd_ptr + 1;
end
endcase
end
initial begin
{ddr_cke_p2, ddr_cke_p1, ddr_dqs_en, ddr_dq_en, ddr_cs_n, ddr_ras_n, ddr_cas_n, ddr_we_n, ddr_ba, ddr_addr, ddr_odt} <= NOP_CMD;
{ddr_cke_p2, ddr_cke_p1, ddr_dqs_en_r, ddr_dq_en_r, ddr_cs_n_r, ddr_ras_n_r, ddr_cas_n_r, ddr_we_n_r, ddr_ba_r, ddr_addr_r, ddr_odt_r} <= NOP_CMD;
end
always @(negedge clk) begin
case (ns)
5: begin
trcd_cnt <= trcd_cnt + 1;
end
default: begin
trcd_cnt <= 0;
end
endcase
end
always @(negedge clk) begin
case (ns)
6: begin
twl_cnt <= twl_cnt + 1;
end
default: begin
twl_cnt <= 0;
end
endcase
end
always @(negedge clk) begin
case (ns)
8: begin
twr_cnt <= twr_cnt + 1;
end
default: begin
twr_cnt <= 0;
end
endcase
end
always @(negedge clk) begin
case (ns)
7: begin
burst_cnt <= burst_cnt + 1;
end
default: begin
burst_cnt <= 0;
end
endcase
end
assign {wraddr_ba_s, wraddr_ra_s, wraddr_ca_s} = s_wraddr;
assign wrdata_s = s_wrdata;
assign wrstrb_s = s_wrstrb;
always @(negedge clk) begin
case (ns)
5: begin
if (trcd_cnt == 0) begin
{wraddr_ba_r, wraddr_ra_r, wraddr_ca_r} = s_wraddr;
wrdata_r <= s_wrdata;
wrstrb_r <= s_wrstrb;
end
end
endcase
end
always @(negedge clk) begin
case (ns)
0: begin
ddr_reset_n <= 1'b0;
{ddr_cke_p2, ddr_cke_p1} <= 2'b0;
ddr_dqs_en_r <= 1'b1;
ddr_dq_en_r <= 1'b1;
end
1: begin
ddr_reset_n <= 1'b1;
{ddr_cke_p2, ddr_cke_p1} <= 2'b0;
ddr_dqs_en_r <= 1'b1;
ddr_dq_en_r <= 1'b1;
end
2: begin
{ddr_cke_p2, ddr_cke_p1, ddr_dqs_en_r, ddr_dq_en_r, ddr_cs_n_r, ddr_ras_n_r, ddr_cas_n_r, ddr_we_n_r, ddr_ba_r, ddr_addr_r, ddr_odt_r} <= initial_cmd_seq[initial_cmd_ptr];
end
3: begin
{ddr_cke_p2, ddr_cke_p1, ddr_dqs_en_r, ddr_dq_en_r, ddr_cs_n_r, ddr_ras_n_r, ddr_cas_n_r, ddr_we_n_r, ddr_ba_r, ddr_addr_r, ddr_odt_r} <= NOP_CMD;
end
4: begin
{ddr_cke_p2, ddr_cke_p1, ddr_dqs_en_r, ddr_dq_en_r, ddr_cs_n_r, ddr_ras_n_r, ddr_cas_n_r, ddr_we_n_r, ddr_ba_r, ddr_addr_r, ddr_odt_r} <= NOP_CMD;
end
5: begin
if (trcd_cnt == 0) begin
{ddr_cke_p2, ddr_cke_p1, ddr_dqs_en_r, ddr_dq_en_r, ddr_cs_n_r, ddr_ras_n_r, ddr_cas_n_r, ddr_we_n_r, ddr_ba_r, ddr_addr_r, ddr_odt_r} <= {8'b11110011, wraddr_ba_s, wraddr_ra_s, 1'b0}; // ACT_CMD |
end else begin
{ddr_cke_p2, ddr_cke_p1, ddr_dqs_en_r, ddr_dq_en_r, ddr_cs_n_r, ddr_ras_n_r, ddr_cas_n_r, ddr_we_n_r, ddr_ba_r, ddr_addr_r, ddr_odt_r} <= NOP_CMD;
end
// wraddr_ba_r
// wraddr_ra_r
// wraddr_ca_r
// wrdata_r
end
6: begin
if (twl_cnt == 0) begin
{ddr_cke_p2, ddr_cke_p1, ddr_dqs_en_r, ddr_dq_en_r, ddr_cs_n_r, ddr_ras_n_r, ddr_cas_n_r, ddr_we_n_r, ddr_ba_r, ddr_addr_r, ddr_odt_r} <= {8'b11010100, wraddr_ba_r, 6'b0, wraddr_ca_r, 1'b0}; // WR_CMD |
end else begin
{ddr_cke_p2, ddr_cke_p1, ddr_dqs_en_r, ddr_dq_en_r, ddr_cs_n_r, ddr_ras_n_r, ddr_cas_n_r, ddr_we_n_r, ddr_ba_r, ddr_addr_r, ddr_odt_r} <= {8'b11010111, 3'b000, 16'h0000, 1'b0}; //enable dqs clock NOP_CMD |
end
end
7: begin
if (burst_cnt == 0) begin
ddr_dqs_en_r <= 0;
ddr_dq_en_r <= 0;
ddr_dq_o_r_p1 <= wrdata_r;
ddr_dq_o_r_p2 <= 0;
ddr_dm_o_r_p1 <= ~wrstrb_r;
ddr_dm_o_r_p2 <= 1;
end else begin
ddr_dqs_en_r <= 0;
ddr_dq_en_r <= 0;
ddr_dq_o_r_p1 <= 0;
ddr_dq_o_r_p2 <= 0;
ddr_dm_o_r_p1 <= 1;
ddr_dm_o_r_p2 <= 1;
end
end
8: begin
if (twr_cnt == 0) begin
ddr_dqs_en_r <= 0;
ddr_dq_en_r <= 0;
end else begin
ddr_dqs_en_r <= 1;
ddr_dq_en_r <= 1;
end
ddr_dq_o_r_p1 <= 0;
ddr_dq_o_r_p2 <= 0;
ddr_dm_o_r_p1 <= 1;
ddr_dm_o_r_p2 <= 1;
end
9: begin
{ddr_cke_p2, ddr_cke_p1, ddr_dqs_en_r, ddr_dq_en_r, ddr_cs_n_r, ddr_ras_n_r, ddr_cas_n_r, ddr_we_n_r, ddr_ba_r, ddr_addr_r, ddr_odt_r} <= {8'b11110010, wraddr_ba_r, 16'h0000, 1'b0}; // PRECHARGE single bank PRE_CMD |
end
default: begin
ddr_reset_n <= 1'b1;
end
endcase
end
always @(*) begin
ddr_dqs_o = clk;
end
endmodule
上述代码在Vivado 2017.4中进行了仿真测试,可替换ddr示例工程中的example_top自行仿真。
对应激励如下。
initial begin
# 900000000;
repeat(100) @(posedge sys_clk_i);
s_wren <= 1;
s_wraddr <= {3'b110, 16'h4444, 10'h1};
s_wrdata <= 8'h66;
s_wrstrb <= 1'b1;
@(posedge sys_clk_i);
s_wren <= 0;
end