树莓派 ubuntu20.04下 python调讯飞的语音API，语音识别和语音合成

1.环境搭建

#环境说明：(尽量在ubuntu下使用, 本次代码均在该环境下实现)
sudo apt-get install sox  # 安装语音播放软件
pip install websocket-client==1.7.0 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
pip install pydub==0.25.1 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

2.去讯飞官网申请密钥

https://www.xfyun.cn/

3.语音识别（sst）

语音转文字

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
1.环境说明：(尽量在ubuntu下使用, 本次代码均在该环境下实现)
pip install websocket-client==1.7.0 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
pip install pydub==0.25.1 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

pyaudio的安装（注意区分不同平台）
    windows pip install pyaudio -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
    Linux   sudo apt install python3-pyaudio
    mac     brew install portaudio
            pip install pyaudio -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

2.密钥说明：
每一个账号的用额只有500次数的请求，平时用足够使用了。
自行前往去注册：https://www.xfyun.cn/

'''
import wave
import pyaudio
import websocket
import datetime
import hashlib
import base64
import hmac
import json
from urllib.parse import urlencode
import time
import ssl
from wsgiref.handlers import format_date_time
from datetime import datetime
from time import mktime
import _thread as thread

STATUS_FIRST_FRAME = 0  # 第一帧的标识
STATUS_CONTINUE_FRAME = 1  # 中间帧标识
STATUS_LAST_FRAME = 2  # 最后一帧的标识


class Ws_Param(object):
    # 初始化
    def __init__(self, APPID, APIKey, APISecret, AudioFile):
        self.APPID = APPID
        self.APIKey = APIKey
        self.APISecret = APISecret
        self.AudioFile = AudioFile

        # 公共参数(common)
        self.CommonArgs = {"app_id": self.APPID}
        # 业务参数(business)，更多个性化参数可在官网查看
        self.BusinessArgs = {"domain": "iat", "language": "zh_cn", "accent": "mandarin", "vinfo":1,"vad_eos":10000}

    # 生成url
    def create_url(self):
        url = 'wss://ws-api.xfyun.cn/v2/iat'
        # 生成RFC1123格式的时间戳
        now = datetime.now()
        date = format_date_time(mktime(now.timetuple()))

        # 拼接字符串
        signature_origin = "host: " + "ws-api.xfyun.cn" + "\n"
        signature_origin += "date: " + date + "\n"
        signature_origin += "GET " + "/v2/iat " + "HTTP/1.1"
        # 进行hmac-sha256进行加密
        signature_sha = hmac.new(self.APISecret.encode('utf-8'), signature_origin.encode('utf-8'),
                                 digestmod=hashlib.sha256).digest()
        signature_sha = base64.b64encode(signature_sha).decode(encoding='utf-8')

        authorization_origin = "api_key=\"%s\", algorithm=\"%s\", headers=\"%s\", signature=\"%s\"" % (
            self.APIKey, "hmac-sha256", "host date request-line", signature_sha)
        authorization = base64.b64encode(authorization_origin.encode('utf-8')).decode(encoding='utf-8')
        # 将请求的鉴权参数组合为字典
        v = {
            "authorization": authorization,
            "date": date,
            "host": "ws-api.xfyun.cn"
        }
        # 拼接鉴权参数，生成url
        url = url + '?' + urlencode(v)
        # print("date: ",date)
        # print("v: ",v)
        # 此处打印出建立连接时候的url,参考本demo的时候可取消上方打印的注释，比对相同参数时生成的url与自己代码生成的url是否一致
        # print('websocket url :', url)
        return url


# 收到websocket消息的处理
def on_message(ws, message):
    try:
        code = json.loads(message)["code"]
        sid = json.loads(message)["sid"]
        if code != 0:
            errMsg = json.loads(message)["message"]
            print("sid:%s call error:%s code is:%s" % (sid, errMsg, code))

        else:
            data = json.loads(message)["data"]["result"]["ws"]
            # print(json.loads(message))
            result = ""
            for i in data:
                for w in i["cw"]:
                    result += w["w"]
            print(result)
            # print(json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False))
    except Exception as e:
        print("receive msg,but parse exception:", e)




def on_error(ws, error):
    pass

def on_close(ws):
    print("### closed ###")



def on_open(ws):
    def run(*args):
        frameSize = 8000  # 每一帧的音频大小
        intervel = 0.04  # 发送音频间隔(单位:s)
        status = STATUS_FIRST_FRAME 

        with open(wsParam.AudioFile, "rb") as fp:
            while True:
                buf = fp.read(frameSize)
                # 文件结束
                if not buf:
                    status = STATUS_LAST_FRAME
                # 第一帧处理
                # 发送第一帧音频，带business 参数
                # appid 必须带上，只需第一帧发送
                if status == STATUS_FIRST_FRAME:

                    d = {"common": wsParam.CommonArgs,
                         "business": wsParam.BusinessArgs,
                         "data": {"status": 0, "format": "audio/L16;rate=16000",
                                  "audio": str(base64.b64encode(buf), 'utf-8'),
                                  "encoding": "raw"}}
                    d = json.dumps(d)
                    ws.send(d)
                    status = STATUS_CONTINUE_FRAME
                # 中间帧处理
                elif status == STATUS_CONTINUE_FRAME:
                    d = {"data": {"status": 1, "format": "audio/L16;rate=16000",
                                  "audio": str(base64.b64encode(buf), 'utf-8'),
                                  "encoding": "raw"}}
                    ws.send(json.dumps(d))
                # 最后一帧处理
                elif status == STATUS_LAST_FRAME:
                    d = {"data": {"status": 2, "format": "audio/L16;rate=16000",
                                  "audio": str(base64.b64encode(buf), 'utf-8'),
                                  "encoding": "raw"}}
                    ws.send(json.dumps(d))
                    time.sleep(1)
                    break
                # 模拟音频采样间隔
                time.sleep(intervel)
        ws.close()

    thread.start_new_thread(run, ())
def record(time):    #录音程序
    CHUNK = 1024
    FORMAT = pyaudio.paInt16
    CHANNELS = 1
    RATE = 16000
    RECORD_SECONDS =time
    WAVE_OUTPUT_FILENAME = "./output.pcm"
    p = pyaudio.PyAudio()
    stream = p.open(format=FORMAT,
                    channels=CHANNELS,
                    rate=RATE,
                    input=True,
                    frames_per_buffer=CHUNK)
    print("* recording")
    frames = []
    for i in range(0,int(RATE / CHUNK * RECORD_SECONDS)):
        data = stream.read(CHUNK)
        frames.append(data)
    print("* done recording")
    stream.stop_stream()
    stream.close()
    p.terminate()
    wf = wave.open(WAVE_OUTPUT_FILENAME, 'wb')
    wf.setnchannels(CHANNELS)
    wf.setsampwidth(p.get_sample_size(FORMAT))
    wf.setframerate(RATE)
    wf.writeframes(b''.join(frames))
    wf.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    record(5)
    time1 = datetime.now()
    # 这里改成自己的key秘钥， 每个人每天只有500的访问量。
    wsParam = Ws_Param(APPID='d69356bc', APIKey='c3f938a4da84f7449bd2f958d461e7e1',
                       APISecret='ZjE4ZGE4ZGU4YzViZmFhNTI0ZmYyNTE0',
                       AudioFile=r'./output.pcm')
    websocket.enableTrace(False)
    wsUrl = wsParam.create_url()
    ws = websocket.WebSocketApp(wsUrl, on_message=on_message, on_error=on_error, on_close=on_close)
    ws.on_open = on_open
    ws.run_forever(sslopt={"cert_reqs": ssl.CERT_NONE})
    time2 = datetime.now()

4.语音合成（tts）

文字转语音

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
1.环境说明：(尽量在ubuntu下使用, 本次代码均在该环境下实现)
pip install websocket-client==1.7.0 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
pip install pydub==0.25.1 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
pip install pygame -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

pyaudio的安装（注意区分不同平台）
    windows pip install pyaudio -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
    Linux   sudo apt install python3-pyaudio
    mac     brew install portaudio
            pip install pyaudio -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

2.密钥说明：
每一个账号的用额只有500次数的请求，平时用足够使用了。
自行前往去注册：https://www.xfyun.cn/

'''
import websocket
import datetime
import hashlib
import base64
import hmac
import json
from urllib.parse import urlencode
import time
import ssl
from wsgiref.handlers import format_date_time
from datetime import datetime
from time import mktime
import _thread as thread
import os
from pydub import AudioSegment
import time
import pygame

STATUS_FIRST_FRAME = 0  # 第一帧的标识
STATUS_CONTINUE_FRAME = 1  # 中间帧标识
STATUS_LAST_FRAME = 2  # 最后一帧的标识


class Ws_Param(object):
    # 初始化
    def __init__(self, APPID, APIKey, APISecret, Text):
        self.APPID = APPID
        self.APIKey = APIKey
        self.APISecret = APISecret
        self.Text = Text

        # 公共参数(common)
        self.CommonArgs = {"app_id": self.APPID}
        # 业务参数(business)，更多个性化参数可在官网查看
        self.BusinessArgs = {"aue": "raw", "auf": "audio/L16;rate=16000", "vcn": "xiaofeng", "tte": "utf8"}
        self.Data = {"status": 2, "text": str(base64.b64encode(self.Text.encode('utf-8')), "UTF8")}


    # 生成url
    def create_url(self):
        url = 'wss://tts-api.xfyun.cn/v2/tts'
        # 生成RFC1123格式的时间戳
        now = datetime.now()
        date = format_date_time(mktime(now.timetuple()))

        # 拼接字符串
        signature_origin = "host: " + "ws-api.xfyun.cn" + "\n"
        signature_origin += "date: " + date + "\n"
        signature_origin += "GET " + "/v2/tts " + "HTTP/1.1"
        # 进行hmac-sha256进行加密
        signature_sha = hmac.new(self.APISecret.encode('utf-8'), signature_origin.encode('utf-8'),
                                 digestmod=hashlib.sha256).digest()
        signature_sha = base64.b64encode(signature_sha).decode(encoding='utf-8')

        authorization_origin = "api_key=\"%s\", algorithm=\"%s\", headers=\"%s\", signature=\"%s\"" % (
            self.APIKey, "hmac-sha256", "host date request-line", signature_sha)
        authorization = base64.b64encode(authorization_origin.encode('utf-8')).decode(encoding='utf-8')
        # 将请求的鉴权参数组合为字典
        v = {
            "authorization": authorization,
            "date": date,
            "host": "ws-api.xfyun.cn"
        }
        # 拼接鉴权参数，生成url
        url = url + '?' + urlencode(v)
        # print("date: ",date)
        # print("v: ",v)
        # 此处打印出建立连接时候的url,参考本demo的时候可取消上方打印的注释，比对相同参数时生成的url与自己代码生成的url是否一致
        # print('websocket url :', url)
        return url

def on_message(ws, message):
    try:
        message =json.loads(message)
        code = message["code"]
        sid = message["sid"]
        audio = message["data"]["audio"]
        audio = base64.b64decode(audio)
        status = message["data"]["status"]
        # print(message)
        if status == 2:
            # print("ws is closed")
            ws.close()
        if code != 0:
            errMsg = message["message"]
            print("sid:%s call error:%s code is:%s" % (sid, errMsg, code))
        else:

            with open('./demo.pcm', 'ab') as f:
                f.write(audio)

    except Exception as e:
        print("receive msg,but parse exception:", e)



# 收到websocket错误的处理
def on_error(ws, error):
    print("### error:", error)


# 收到websocket关闭的处理
def on_close(ws,arg1,arg2):
    # print("### closed ###")
    pass

def play_fun():
    # 加载PCM音频文件
    audio = AudioSegment.from_file("demo.pcm", format="raw", sample_width=2, frame_rate=16000, channels=1)

    # 将音频转换为MP3格式并播放
    audio.export("file.mp3", format="mp3")

    time.sleep(1)
    # # ==== windows 平台使用下面代码来播放音频，并将下面的代码注释
    # # 初始化pygame
    # pygame.mixer.init()

    # # 加载MP3文件
    # pygame.mixer.music.load("file.mp3")

    # # 播放MP3文件
    # pygame.mixer.music.play()

    # # 等待音频播放完毕
    # while pygame.mixer.music.get_busy():
    #     pygame.time.Clock().tick(10)
    # print("------ 播放完毕 ------")

    # ==== linux 平台使用下面代码来播放音频，并将上面的代码注释
    file = "file.mp3"
    os.system('mpg123 '+ file)


def tts_fun(string_txr):
    # 收到websocket连接建立的处理
    def on_open(ws):
        def run(*args):
            d = {"common": wsParam.CommonArgs,
                "business": wsParam.BusinessArgs,
                "data": wsParam.Data,
                }
            d = json.dumps(d)
            print("------开始发送文本数据------")
            ws.send(d)
            if os.path.exists('./demo.pcm'):
                os.remove('./demo.pcm')

        thread.start_new_thread(run, ())
    # 测试时候在此处正确填写相关信息即可运行
    # 这里改成自己的key ,每一个人的用额都是有限的。https://console.xfyun.cn/services/iat
    wsParam = Ws_Param(APPID='d69356bc', APISecret='c3f938a4da84f7449bd2f958d461e7e1',
                       APIKey='ZjE4ZGE4ZGU4YzViZmFhNTI0ZmYyNTE0',
                       Text=string_txr)
    
    websocket.enableTrace(False)
    wsUrl = wsParam.create_url()
    ws = websocket.WebSocketApp(wsUrl, on_message=on_message, on_error=on_error, on_close=on_close)
    ws.on_open = on_open
    ws.run_forever(sslopt={"cert_reqs": ssl.CERT_NONE})

def tts_main(input_txt):
    tts_fun(input_txt)
    play_fun()

class tts_clss():
    def __init__(self, input_txt):
        tts_fun(input_txt)
        play_fun()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    tts_main("你好，我是机器人！")

5.USB声卡可能报错

设置完默认声卡后，用Python录音和播放会出现一些错误提示，但发现录音和播放都正常，错误显示比如这样：

ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.rear
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.center_lfe
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.side
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.hdmi
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.hdmi
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.modem
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.modem
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.phoneline
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.phoneline
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1281:(snd_func_refer) Unable to find definition ‘defaults.bluealsa.device’
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:4996:(snd_config_expand) Args evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM bluealsa
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1281:(snd_func_refer) Unable to find definition ‘defaults.bluealsa.device’
ALSA lib conf.c:4528:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:4996:(snd_config_expand) Args evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM bluealsa
connect(2) call to /tmp/jack-1000/default/jack_0 failed (err=No such file or directory)
attempt to connect to server failed

为了不显示这些错误可以在Python代码里p = pyaudio.PyAudio() 之前加上：

os.close(sys.stderr.fileno())