Java项目学生管理系统一前后端环境搭建

发布时间：2023年12月19日

在现代的软件开发中，学生管理系统是一个常见的应用场景。通过学生管理系统，学校能够方便地管理学生的信息、课程安排和成绩等数据。本文将介绍如何使用Java语言搭建一个学生管理系统的前后端环境，并提供一个简单的示例。

1.环境搭建

学生管理系统 Student manage system （sms）

1.1 后端环境

我们需要搭建后端环境来处理前端发送的请求并与数据库进行交互。我们可以使用Java语言搭建后端应用，并选择一个Java Web框架，如Spring Boot或Servlet来处理HTTP请求。同时，还需要选择一个关系型数据库，如MySQL或PostgreSQL，来存储学生和课程等数据。

项目名：day054_sms
pom文件：mysql驱动、MyBatis、通用mapper、PageHelper、web、test、swagger、lombok
yml文件：数据源、MyBatis驼峰、日志(sql语句)
启动类
配置类：swagger配置类、跨域配置类
项目名：day054_sms

pom文件：mysql驱动、MyBatis、通用mapper、PageHelper、web、test、swagger、lombok

    <!--确定spring boot版本-->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <mybatis.starter.version>1.3.2</mybatis.starter.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.32</mysql.version>
        <swagger.version>2.7.0</swagger.version>
        <pageHelper.starter.version>1.2.5</pageHelper.starter.version>
        <mapper.starter.version>2.0.2</mapper.starter.version>
    </properties>


    <dependencies>
        <!--web开发启动器-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--test开发启动器-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- mybatis启动器 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${mybatis.starter.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 分页助手启动器 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
            <artifactId>pagehelper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${pageHelper.starter.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 通用Mapper启动器 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${mapper.starter.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- mysql驱动 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--lombok-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--swagger2-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
            <version>${swagger.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
            <version>${swagger.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

yml文件：数据源、MyBatis驼峰、日志(sql语句)

#端口号
server:
  port: 8080

#数据源(连接池)
spring:
  datasource:
    driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day054_sms?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: '1234'

#javabean与表驼峰映射
mybatis:
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true

#日志，给com.czxy.mapper包设置自己的日志级别
logging:
  level:
    com:
      czxy:
        mapper: debug

启动类

package com.czxy;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import tk.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;	//【注意】tk包下的注解

/**
 * @author 桐叔
 * @email liangtong@itcast.cn
 * @description
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.czxy.mapper")          //扫描指定包，将在到Spring容器。取代：@org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper 【注意】扫描和@Mapper不能同时使用
public class SmsApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SmsApplication.class, args);
    }
}

配置类：swagger配置类、跨域配置类

1.2 数据库

create database day054_sms;
use day054_sms;

CREATE TABLE `tb_user` (
  `u_id` VARCHAR(32) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL COMMENT '用户编号',
  `user_name` VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户名',
  `password` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '密码',
  `gender` BIT(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别,1表示男，0表示女',
  `image` VARCHAR(300) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '头像图片'
);

INSERT  INTO `tb_user`(`u_id`,`user_name`,`password`,`gender`,`image`) VALUES ('u001','jack','1234',1,'https://wpimg.wallstcn.com/f778738c-e4f8-4870-b634-56703b4acafe.gif?imageView2/1/w/80/h/80');
INSERT  INTO `tb_user`(`u_id`,`user_name`,`password`,`gender`,`image`) VALUES ('u002','rose','1234',0,'https://wpimg.wallstcn.com/f778738c-e4f8-4870-b634-56703b4acafe.gif?imageView2/1/w/80/h/80');
INSERT  INTO `tb_user`(`u_id`,`user_name`,`password`,`gender`,`image`) VALUES ('u003','tom','1234',1,'https://wpimg.wallstcn.com/f778738c-e4f8-4870-b634-56703b4acafe.gif?imageView2/1/w/80/h/80');


CREATE TABLE `tb_teacher` (
  `tid` INT(11) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `tname` VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '老师姓名',
  `type` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '老师类型：1.授课老师、2.助理老师、3.辅导员老师'
);
INSERT  INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (1,'梁桐老师',1);
INSERT  INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (2,'马坤老师',2);
INSERT  INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (3,'仲燕老师',3);
INSERT  INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (4,'袁新奇老师',1);
INSERT  INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (5,'任林达老师',2);
INSERT  INTO `tb_teacher`(`tid`,`tname`,`type`) VALUES (6,'王珊珊老师',3);


CREATE TABLE `tb_class` (
  `cid` INT(11) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `cname` VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '班级名称',
  `teacher1_id` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '授课老师',
  `teacher2_id` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '助理老师',
  `teacher3_id` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '辅导员老师'
);

INSERT  INTO `tb_class`(`cid`,`cname`,`teacher1_id`,`teacher2_id`,`teacher3_id`) VALUES (1,'Java56',1,2,3);
INSERT  INTO `tb_class`(`cid`,`cname`,`teacher1_id`,`teacher2_id`,`teacher3_id`) VALUES (2,'Java78',1,2,3);
INSERT  INTO `tb_class`(`cid`,`cname`,`teacher1_id`,`teacher2_id`,`teacher3_id`) VALUES (3,'Java12',4,5,6);
INSERT  INTO `tb_class`(`cid`,`cname`,`teacher1_id`,`teacher2_id`,`teacher3_id`) VALUES (4,'Java34',4,5,6);


CREATE TABLE tb_city(
  c_id VARCHAR(32) PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '城市ID',
  city_name VARCHAR(20) COMMENT '城市名称' ,
  parent_id VARCHAR(32) COMMENT '父ID'
);

INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('320000','江苏省','0');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140000','山西省','0');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('130000','河北省','0');

INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('320100','南京市','320000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('320102','玄武区','320100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('320103','白下区','320100');

INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('321300','宿迁市','320000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('321322','沭阳县','321300');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('321323','泗阳县','321300');


INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140100','太原市','140000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140106','迎泽区','140100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140108','尖草坪区','140100');

INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140800','运城市','140000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140823','闻喜县','140800');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('140828','夏　县','140800');

INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('130100','石家庄市','130000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('130127','高邑县','130100');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('130185','鹿泉市','130100');

INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('131000','廊坊市','130000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('131003','广阳区','131000');
INSERT INTO tb_city(c_id,city_name,parent_id) VALUES('131022','固安县','131000');


CREATE TABLE `tb_student` (
  `s_id` INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '学生ID',
  `sname` VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '姓名',
  `age` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '年龄',
  `birthday` DATETIME DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '生日',
  `gender` CHAR(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别',
  `c_id` INT DEFAULT NULL,
  `city_ids` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '城市：320000,321300,321322'
);

INSERT  INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (1,'赵三33',21,'2001-01-17 00:00:00','1',1,'320000,321300,321322');
INSERT  INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (2,'钱四444',1900,'2001-05-16 00:00:00','1',2,'320000,321300,321322');
INSERT  INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (3,'孙五56',189,'2022-03-15 00:00:00','0',1,'320000,321300,321322');
INSERT  INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (4,'张三',20,'2020-12-21 00:00:00','0',2,'320000,321300,321322');
INSERT  INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (5,'xxx',18,'2020-12-21 00:00:00','0',2,'140000,140800,140823');
INSERT  INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (6,'123',18,'2020-11-01 00:00:00','0',3,'130000,130100,130127');
INSERT  INTO `tb_student`(`s_id`,`sname`,`age`,`birthday`,`gender`,`c_id`,`city_ids`) VALUES (7,'xx',18,'2020-11-02 00:00:00','0',1,'130000,131000,131003');


CREATE TABLE `tb_course` (
  `c_id` INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '课程ID',
  `cname` VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '课程名称',
  `desc` VARCHAR(100) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '课程描述'
);

INSERT  INTO `tb_course`(`c_id`,`cname`,`desc`) VALUES (1,'Java基础','JavaSE所有课程');
INSERT  INTO `tb_course`(`c_id`,`cname`,`desc`) VALUES (2,'JavaWeb','Java Web 所有课程');
INSERT  INTO `tb_course`(`c_id`,`cname`,`desc`) VALUES (3,'SSM','Spring Mvc、Spring、MyBatis所有课程');


CREATE TABLE `tb_student_course` (
  `s_id` INT NOT NULL COMMENT '学生ID',
  `c_id` INT NOT NULL COMMENT '课程ID',
  `score` DOUBLE DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`s_id`,`c_id`)
);

INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(1,1,100);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(1,2,95);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(1,3,NULL);

INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(2,1,100);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(2,2,95);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(2,3,100);

INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(3,1,80);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(3,2,NULL);
INSERT INTO tb_student_course(s_id,c_id,score) VALUES(3,3,90);

1.3 前端环境

首先，我们需要搭建前端环境来实现用户界面和交互。在本教程中，我们选择使用Vue.js作为前端框架来构建学生管理系统的前端应用。首先，确保已安装Node.js和npm（Node包管理器）。

1.3.1 项目

创建项目
修改配置

1.3.2 axios

安装
配置

1.3.3 elementui

安装

配置

在这里插入图片描述

import Vue from 'vue'
// 2 element ui
// 2.1 导入element ui的所有组件
import ElementUI from 'element-ui';
// 2.2 导入组件配套的css样式
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css';

import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import store from './store'
// 1.1 导入axios
import axios from 'axios'

// 1.2 设置访问路径前缀(baseURL)
axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://localhost:8080'
// 1.3 设置到vue中，方便访问
Vue.prototype.$http = axios

// 2.3 将element 所有组件应用到vue环境中
Vue.use(ElementUI);

测试

1.3.4 布局

需求：
设置重置样式
创建首页

在这里插入图片描述

创建登录页

在这里插入图片描述

修改App.vue，设置一级路由

在这里插入图片描述

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <!-- 设置路由视图，用于显示指定的路由对应页面 -->
    <router-view></router-view>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {

}
</script>

<style>
  /* 满屏填充样式 */
  html, body, #app {
    height: 100%;
  }

</style>

修改Home.vue，用于显示布局页面

在这里插入图片描述

<template>
  <el-container>
    <el-header>Header</el-header>
    <el-container>
      <el-aside width="200px">Aside</el-aside>
      <el-main>Main</el-main>
    </el-container>
  </el-container>
</template>

<script>
export default {

}
</script>

<style>
    /* 满屏填充样式 */
    .el-container {
        height: 100%;
    }

  .el-header, .el-footer {
    background-color: #B3C0D1;
    color: #333;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 60px;
  }
  
  .el-aside {
    background-color: #D3DCE6;
    color: #333;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 200px;
  }
  
  .el-main {
    background-color: #E9EEF3;
    color: #333;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 160px;
  }
</style>

修改Login.vue页面，暂时提供模板

<template>
  <div>登录页面</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {

}
</script>

<style>

</style>

1.3.5 菜单

在这里插入图片描述

<!--菜单start-->
      <el-menu
        default-active="/"
        class="el-menu-vertical-demo"
        background-color="#545c64"
        router
        text-color="#fff"
        active-text-color="#ffd04b">
        <el-submenu index="/classes">
          <template slot="title">
            <i class="el-icon-location"></i>
            <span>班级管理</span>
          </template>
          <el-menu-item index="/classesList">班级列表</el-menu-item>
          <el-menu-item index="/classesAdd">添加班级</el-menu-item>
        </el-submenu>
        <el-submenu index="/student">
          <template slot="title">
            <i class="el-icon-location"></i>
            <span>学生管理</span>
          </template>
          <el-menu-item index="/studentList">学生列表</el-menu-item>
          <el-menu-item index="/studentAdd">添加学生</el-menu-item>
        </el-submenu>
      </el-menu>
      <!--菜单end-->

1.3.6 二级路由

当前路由配置的子路由，称为二级路由。二级路由可以显示当前路由所设置的路由视图中。

配置二级路由

在这里插入图片描述

const routes = [
  
  {
    path: '/',
    name: '首页',
    component: () => import('../views/Home.vue'),
    children: [
      {
        path: '/classesList',
        name: '班级列表',
        component: () => import('../views/classes/ClassesList.vue')
      },
      {
        path: '/classesAdd',
        name: '添加班级',
        component: () => import('../views/classes/ClassesAdd.vue')
      },
      {
        path: '/studentList',
        name: '学生列表',
        component: () => import('../views/student/StudentList.vue')
      },
      {
        path: '/studentAdd',
        name: '添加学生',
        component: () => import('../views/student/StudentAdd.vue')
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    path: '/login',
    name: '登录页面',
    component: () => import('../views/Login.vue')
  }
]

编写二级路由显示视图

创建对应页面

通过本文，我们介绍了如何搭建学生管理系统的前后端环境。前端环境使用Vue.js作为主要的前端框架，并通过Vue CLI工具创建和管理项目。后端环境使用Java语言，借助Spring Boot和Spring Data JPA搭建Web应用并与数据库进行交互。

文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/haodian666/article/details/134982233
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