16个实用shell脚本，推荐收藏

大家好，今天分享16个实用的shell脚本，shell脚本可以极大提高工程师的工作效率，本文所介绍脚本较多，强烈推荐大家收藏。

1. 获取主机信息

#!/bin/bash

localip=$(ifconfig ens33 | grep netmask | tr -s " " | cut -d " " -f3)
mem=$(free | grep Mem | tr -s " " | cut -d " " -f7)
cpu=$(uptime | tr -s " " | cut -d " " -f11)

echo "IP address:$localip"
echo "Memory surplus:$mem"
echo "CPU load:$cpu"

2. 监控服务状态

#!/bin/bash

if [ -z $1 ];then
  echo "error:No server"
  echo "Usage: script + server"
  exit
fi
if systemctl is-active $1 &>/dev/null; then
  echo "$1 is started"
else
  echo "$1 is not started"
fi

if systemctl is-enabled $1 &>/dev/null; then
  echo "$1 Is the boot auto option"
else
  echo "$1 Not start auto option"
fi

3. 监控网络中服务器的磁盘利用率

#!/bin/bash
HOST_INFO=host.info
for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $HOST_INFO); do
    USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO)
    PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO)
    TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp
    ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP 'df -h' > $TMP_FILE
    USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^\/dev/{print $NF,int($5)}' $TMP_FILE)
    for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do
        PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*}
        USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=}
        if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then
            echo "Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!"
        fi
    done
done

4. 分区管理

#!/bin/bash

if [ $# -ne 2 ];then
  echo -e "usage: <disk name> <create|new|remove|query>"
  exit
fi

if [ ! -b $1 ];then
  echo -e "disk nonentity"
  exit
fi

if [[ $2 == create ]];then
  parted -s $1 mklabel gpt
elif [[ $2 == new ]];then
  parted -s $1 mkpart primary 1 100%
elif [[ $2 == remove ]];then
  parted -s $1 rm 1
elif [[ $2 == query ]];then
  parted -s $1 print
else
  clear
  echo -e "operation error"
  echo "use:[create|new|remove|query]."
fi

5. 查看系统信息

#!/bin/bash
echo "输入一个选项"
select item in "CPU" "IP" "MEM" "exit"
do
  case $item in
    "CPU")
      uptime;;
    "IP")
      ip a s;;
    "MEM")
      free;;
    "exit")
      exit;;
    *)
      echo error;;
  esac
done

6. 多进程ping

#!/bin/bash

net="192.168.1.1"
multi_ping_fun(){
  ping -c2 -i0.2 -W1 $1 &>/dev/null
  if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
    echo "$1 is up"
  else
    echo "$1 is down"
  fi
}

for i in {1..254}
do
  multi_ping_fun $net.$i &
done
wait

7. 按天切割访问日志

#!/bin/bash
LOG_DIR=/usr/local/nginx/logs
YESTERDAY_TIME=$(date -d "yesterday" +%F)
LOG_MONTH_DIR=$LOG_DIR/$(date +"%Y-%m")
LOG_FILE_LIST="default.access.log"

for LOG_FILE in $LOG_FILE_LIST; do
    [ ! -d $LOG_MONTH_DIR ] && mkdir -p $LOG_MONTH_DIR
    mv $LOG_DIR/$LOG_FILE $LOG_MONTH_DIR/${LOG_FILE}_${YESTERDAY_TIME}
done

kill -USR1 $(cat /var/run/nginx.pid)

8. 日志分析

#!/bin/bash
# 日志格式: $remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"
LOG_FILE=$1
echo "访问最多的10个IP"
awk '{a[$1]++}END{print "UV:",length(a);for(v in a)print v,a[v]}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr |head -10
echo "----------------------"

echo "某时间段访问最多的IP"
awk '$4>="[01/Dec/2021:13:20:25" && $4<="[27/Nov/2021:16:20:49"{a[$1]++}END{for(v in a)print v,a[v]}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr|head -10
echo "----------------------"

echo "访问最多的10个页面"
awk '{a[$7]++}END{print "PV:",length(a);for(v in a){if(a[v]>10)print v,a[v]}}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr
echo "----------------------"

echo "访问页面状态码数量"
awk '{a[$7" "$9]++}END{for(v in a){if(a[v]>5)print v,a[v]}}'

9. 批量备份文件

#!/bin/bash

for i in `ls /etc/*.conf`
do
  tar -czf shell/$(basename $i).tar.gz $i
done

10. 利用进程生成随机数减少命名冲突

#!/bin/bash

touch /tmp/$$.tmp

pnum=`ps aux | wc -l`
touch /tmp/$pnum.tmp

fnum=`find /etc | wc -l`
touch /tmp/$fnum.tmp

cnum=`cat /var/log/messages | wc -l`
touch /tmp/$cnum.tmp

11. Dos攻击防范

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M)
LOG_FILE=/usr/local/nginx/logs/demo2.access.log
ABNORMAL_IP=$(tail -n5000 $LOG_FILE |grep $DATE |awk '{a[$1]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>10)print i}')
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
    if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
        iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
        echo "$(date +'%F_%T') $IP" >> /tmp/drop_ip.log
    fi
done

12. 实时流量

#!/bin/bash
NIC=$1
echo -e " In ------ Out"
while true; do
    OLD_IN=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $2}' /proc/net/dev)
    OLD_OUT=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $10}' /proc/net/dev)
    sleep 1
    NEW_IN=$(awk  '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $2}' /proc/net/dev)
    NEW_OUT=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $10}' /proc/net/dev)
    IN=$(printf "%.1f%s" "$((($NEW_IN-$OLD_IN)/1024))" "KB/s")
    OUT=$(printf "%.1f%s" "$((($NEW_OUT-$OLD_OUT)/1024))" "KB/s")
    echo "$IN $OUT"
    sleep 1
done

13. 进度条

#!/bin/bash

trap 'kill $!' INT

bar(){
  while :
  do
    echo -n '#'
    sleep 0.3
  done
}

bar &
cp -r $1 $2
kill $!
echo "end"

14. MySQL 数据库备份单循环

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)
HOST=localhost
USER=backup
PASS=123.com
BACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backup
DB_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "show databases;" 2>/dev/null |egrep -v "Database|information_schema|mysql|performance_schema|sys")

for DB in $DB_LIST; do
    BACKUP_NAME=$BACKUP_DIR/${DB}_${DATE}.sql
    if ! mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -B $DB > $BACKUP_NAME 2>/dev/null; then
        echo "$BACKUP_NAME fail"
    fi
done

15. MySQL 数据库备份多循环

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)
HOST=localhost
USER=backup
PASS=123.com
BACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backup
DB_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "show databases;" 2>/dev/null |egrep -v "Database|information_schema|mysql|performance_schema|sys")

for DB in $DB_LIST; do
    BACKUP_DB_DIR=$BACKUP_DIR/${DB}_${DATE}
    [ ! -d $BACKUP_DB_DIR ] && mkdir -p $BACKUP_DB_DIR &>/dev/null
    TABLE_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "use $DB;show tables;" 2>/dev/null)
    for TABLE in $TABLE_LIST; do
        BACKUP_NAME=$BACKUP_DB_DIR/${TABLE}.sql
        if ! mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS $DB $TABLE > $BACKUP_NAME 2>/dev/null; then
            echo "$BACKUP_NAME fail!"
        fi
    done
done

16. 系统配置

#/bin/bash
# 设置时区并同步时间
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
if ! crontab -l |grep ntpdate &>/dev/null ; then
    (echo "* 1 * * * ntpdate time.windows.com >/dev/null 2>&1";crontab -l) |crontab
fi

# 禁用selinux
sed -i '/SELINUX/{s/permissive/disabled/}' /etc/selinux/config

# 关闭防火墙
if egrep "7.[0-9]" /etc/redhat-release &>/dev/null; then
    systemctl stop firewalld
    systemctl disable firewalld
elif egrep "6.[0-9]" /etc/redhat-release &>/dev/null; then
    service iptables stop
    chkconfig iptables off
fi

# 历史命令显示操作时间
if ! grep HISTTIMEFORMAT /etc/bashrc; then
    echo 'export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T `whoami` "' >> /etc/bashrc
fi

# SSH超时时间
if ! grep "TMOUT=600" /etc/profile &>/dev/null; then
    echo "export TMOUT=600" >> /etc/profile
fi

# 禁止root远程登录
sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

# 禁止定时任务向发送邮件
sed -i 's/^MAILTO=root/MAILTO=""/' /etc/crontab

# 设置最大打开文件数
if ! grep "* soft nofile 65535" /etc/security/limits.conf &>/dev/null; then
    cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOF
    * soft nofile 65535
    * hard nofile 65535
EOF
fi

# 系统内核优化
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 20480
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 20480
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 20
EOF

# 减少SWAP使用
echo "0" > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness