在日常的kubernetes集群维护过程中,常常涉及多团队协作,不同的团队有不同的操作和权限需求。比如,运维团队需要有node
的所有操作权限,以便对集群进行节点的扩缩容等日常维护工作,但资产运营团队通常只需要node
的查看权限,以便完成资产信息的统计分析即可。当然,在实际的业务场景中,一个团队,到底需要操作什么,允许操作什么,往往比上述例子复杂的多。为了应对实际业务场景中的复杂权限管控诉求,kubernetes提供了基于RBAC的权限管控机制。
接下来,将通过一个实践例子,逐步实现一个权限管理目标:资产运营团队仅能查看node
信息,不能查看和操作其他对象。
创建名为serviceAccount.yaml
的文件,内容如下:
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: test
namespace: default
创建并查看serviceAccount:
$ kubectl create -f serviceAccount.yaml
$ kubectl get serviceAccout | grep test
获取serviceAccount的信息:
$ kubectl get serviceAccount test -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
creationTimestamp: 2023-12-08T03:13:05Z
name: test
namespace: default
resourceVersion: "99773705"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/serviceaccounts/test
uid: c2db455c-57d4-11ec-b464-848f69e3eeb4
secrets:
- name: test-token-wvmkx
从上述输出的信息中,能够获得其对应的secret
名称为test-token-wvmkx
。通过secret
名称能获得对应的token:
$ kubectl describe secret test-token-wvmkx
Name: test-token-wvmkx
Namespace: default
Labels: <none>
Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name=test
kubernetes.io/service-account.uid=c2db455c-57d4-11ec-b464-848f69e3eeb4
Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
Data
====
ca.crt: 1025 bytes
namespace: 7 bytes
token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6InRlc3QtdG9rZW4td3Zta3giLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC5uYW1lIjoidGVzdCIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50LnVpZCI6ImMyZGI0NTVjLTU3ZDQtMTFlYy1iNDY0LTg0OGY2OWUzZWViNCIsInN1YiI6InN5c3RlbTpzZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudDpkZWZhdWx0OnRlc3QifQ.cdzShIX7IJj2sLS8h_LNpIRiDF8mXkex7GgPQUUxTbKFZ0cIZbMt5zDpxH4NN4XFqa4U4EY0KT-3OcVDCM7AtVBzR-3QV0qYB1mNf-A95Jec9woAAqkE7MwV61e2Qptb2XoYX8gjzPUX55IALoT69Oueq6QF-Qmv33htobnqM3hJVQPNihGAzK433ptr7qTcIyJ1cpMlV_vJDA8L5AQYJ7dZgsV7klvg16H0-LXzLm13UqzRvDyJ3oqbFSEatPjbSEbdU5GChorDGLw1R2ftjrS7Egojh3YMjPR-WOrwP_9s6EazMo104DO4Yc4Cujm5SmLyzG16XayiWM5mvJey7Q
此时,token已经可以用于dashboard
的登录认证,但是还无法通过授权,因为还没有对serviceAccount
进行角色绑定。
创建名为clusterRole.yaml
的文件,内容如下,我们定义了名为node-get
的角色,该角色只允许对nodes
资源对象进行get
和list
操作。如果需要对其他的资源对象权限管控,可以在resources
字段下进行添加,verbs
字段下定义允许的操作类型。
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: node-get
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- get
- list
创建clusterRole
:
$ kubectl create -f clusterRole.yaml
创建名为clusterRolleBinding.yaml
的文件,内容如下。我们绑定了clusterRole
和serviceAccount
,绑定之后,对应的serviceAccount
就拥有了clusterRole
中赋予的权限。
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: test-node-get
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: node-get
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: test
namespace: default
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: test
创建clusterRoleBinding
:
$ kubectl create -f clusterRoleBinding.yaml
到此,kubernetes集群服务端的设置完成,可以基于Step1中的token进行dashboard或API的登录认证和授权。但如果用户是通过kubectl
进行集群操作的话,我们还需要给用户创建kubeconfig文件,以便用户能够方便使用kubectl
工具。
1.1 生成用户证书
创建文件test.config
[req]
req_extensions = v3_req
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
prompt = no
[req_distinguished_name]
CN = test
[ v3_req ]
keyUsage = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = TLS Web Client Authentication
subjectAltName = @alt_names
[alt_names]
IP.1 = 172.31.96.144
IP.3 = 127.0.0.1
IP.4 = 10.96.0.1
创建证书(备注:客户端的证书必须经过集群CA的签署,否则不会被认可):
$ openssl genrsa -out test.key 2048
$ openssl req -new -key test.key -out test.csr -config test.config
$ openssl x509 -req -in test.csr -CA /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt -CAkey /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.key -CAcreateserial -out test.crt -sha256 -days 3650 -extensions v3_req -extfile test.config
1.2 生成kubeconfig文件
设置集群参数:
$ kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://172.31.96.144:6443 \
--kubeconfig=test.kubeconfig
设置客户端认证参数:
$ kubectl config set-credentials test \
--client-certificate=test.crt \
--client-key=test.key \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=test.kubeconfig
设置上下文参数:
$ kubectl config set-context kubernetes \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=test \
--namespace=default \
--kubeconfig=test.kubeconfig
设置默认上下文:
$ kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=test.kubeconfig
验证:
$ kubectl get node --kubeconfig=test.kubeconfig
设置集群参数:
$ kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://172.31.96.144:6443 \
--kubeconfig=test.token
设置客户端认证参数:
$ kubectl config set-credentials test \
--token=eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6InRlc3QtdG9rZW4td3Zta3giLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC5uYW1lIjoidGVzdCIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50LnVpZCI6ImMyZGI0NTVjLTU3ZDQtMTFlYy1iNDY0LTg0OGY2OWUzZWViNCIsInN1YiI6InN5c3RlbTpzZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudDpkZWZhdWx0OnRlc3QifQ.cdzShIX7IJj2sLS8h_LNpIRiDF8mXkex7GgPQUUxTbKFZ0cIZbMt5zDpxH4NN4XFqa4U4EY0KT-3OcVDCM7AtVBzR-3QV0qYB1mNf-A95Jec9woAAqkE7MwV61e2Qptb2XoYX8gjzPUX55IALoT69Oueq6QF-Qmv33htobnqM3hJVQPNihGAzK433ptr7qTcIyJ1cpMlV_vJDA8L5AQYJ7dZgsV7klvg16H0-LXzLm13UqzRvDyJ3oqbFSEatPjbSEbdU5GChorDGLw1R2ftjrS7Egojh3YMjPR-WOrwP_9s6EazMo104DO4Yc4Cujm5SmLyzG16XayiWM5mvJey7Q \
--kubeconfig=test.token
设置上下文参数:
$ kubectl config set-context kubernetes \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=test \
--namespace=default \
--kubeconfig=test.token
设置默认上下文:
$ kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=test.token
验证:
$ kubectl get node --kubeconfig=test.token
手动创建kubeconfig文件相对繁琐,一下提供基于token认证方式的自动脚本。
创建文件kubeconfig.sh
,内容如下:
#!/bin/sh
set -e
echo "input serviceAccount:"
read serviceAccount
if [ "$serviceAccount" == "" ]
then
echo "serviceAccount is empty"
exit 1
fi
echo "input namespace:"
read namespace
if [ "$namespace" == "" ]
then
echo "namespace is empty"
exit 2
fi
secretName=$(kubectl get serviceAccount $serviceAccount -n $namespace -o jsonpath='{.secrets[0].name}')
token=$(kubectl get secret $secretName -n $namespace -o jsonpath='{.data.token}' | base64 -d)
currentContext=$(kubectl config view -o jsonpath='{.current-context}')
cluster=$(kubectl config view -o jsonpath="{.contexts[?(@.name == \"$currentContext\")].context.cluster}")
apiserver=$(kubectl config view -o jsonpath="{.clusters[?(@.name == \"$cluster\")].cluster.server}")
kubectl get secret $secretName -n $namespace -o jsonpath='{.data.ca\.crt}' | base64 -d > ca.crt
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=ca.crt \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=$apiserver \
--kubeconfig=config
kubectl config set-credentials $serviceAccount --token=$token --kubeconfig=config
kubectl config set-context kubernetes \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=$serviceAccount \
--kubeconfig=config
kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=config
根据脚本提示输入serviceAccount
的信息,完成config
的创建,通过如下命令完成验证:
kubectl get node --kubeconfig=config