【解】
//第10章运算符重载 习题
//10.1
//1.定义一个复数类Complex，重载运算符“+”，使之能用于复数的加法运算。
// 将运算符函数重载为非成员、非友元的普通函数。编写程序，求两个复数之和。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
Complex() { real = 0; imag = 0; }
Complex(double r, double i) { real = r; imag = i; }
double get_real(); //声明get_real函数
double get_imag(); //声明get_imag函数
void display();
private:
double real;
double imag;
};
double Complex::get_real() //取数据成员real（实部）的值
{
return real;
}
double Complex::get_imag() //取数据成员imag（虚部）的值
{
return imag;
}
void Complex::display()
{
cout << "(" << real << "," << imag << "i)" << endl;
}
Complex operator+(Complex &c1, Complex &c2)
{
return Complex(c1.get_real() + c2.get_real(), c1.get_imag() + c2.get_imag());
}
int main()
{
Complex c1(3, 4), c2(5, -10), c3;
c3 = c1 + c2;
cout << "c3=";
c3.display();
return 0;
}
//c3 = (8, –?6i)【解】
//10.2
//2.定义一个复数类Complex，重载运算符“+”,“-”,“”,“/”，
// 使之能用于复数的加、减、乘、除。运算符重载函数作为Complex类的成员函数。
// 编写程序，分别求两个复数之和、差、积和商。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
Complex() { real = 0; imag = 0; }
Complex(double r, double i) { real = r; imag = i; }
Complex operator+(Complex &c2);
Complex operator-(Complex &c2);
Complex operator*(Complex &c2);
Complex operator/(Complex &c2);
void display();
private:
double real;
double imag;
};
Complex Complex::operator+(Complex &c2)//重载运算符“+”
{
Complex c;
c.real = real + c2.real;//计算实部
c.imag = imag + c2.imag;//计算虚部
return c;
}
Complex Complex::operator-(Complex &c2)//重载运算符“–”
{
Complex c;
c.real = real-c2.real;//计算实部
c.imag = imag-c2.imag;//计算虚部
return c;
}
Complex Complex::operator*(Complex &c2)//重载运算符“?”
{
Complex c;
c.real = real * c2.real - imag * c2.imag;//计算实部
c.imag = imag * c2.real + real * c2.imag;//计算虚部
return c;
}
Complex Complex::operator/(Complex &c2)//重载运算符“/”
{
Complex c;
c.real = (real / c2.real + imag / c2.imag) / (c2.real / c2.real + c2.imag / c2.imag);//计算实部
c.imag = (imag / c2.real + real / c2.imag) / (c2.real / c2.real + c2.imag / c2.imag);//计算虚部
return c;
}
void Complex::display()
{
cout << "(" << real << "," << imag << "i)" << endl;//输出复数
}
int main()
{
Complex c1(3, 4), c2(5, -10), c3;
c3 = c1 + c2;
cout << "c1 + c2= ";
c3.display();
c3 = c1 - c2;
cout << "c1 - c2= ";
c3.display();
c3 = c1 * c2;
cout << "c1 * c2= ";
c3.display();
c3 = c1 / c2;
cout << "c1 / c2= ";
c3.display();
return 0;
}
//c1 + c2 = (8, -6i)
//c1 - c2 = (–2, 14i)
//c1 * c2 = (55, –10i)
//c1 / c2 = (-0.2, 0.4i)【解】
//10.3
//3.定义一个复数类Complex，重载运算符“+”，使之能用于复数的加法运算。
// 参加运算的两个运算量可以都是类对象，也可以其中有一个是整数，顺序任意。
// 例如，c1+c2,i+c1,c1+i均合法(设i为整数,c1,c2为复数)。编写程序，
// 分别求两个复数之和、整数和复数之和。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
Complex() { real = 0; imag = 0; }
Complex(double r, double i) { real = r; imag = i; }
Complex operator+(Complex &c2); //运算符重载为成员函数
Complex operator+(int &i); //运算符重载为成员函数
friend Complex operator+(int&, Complex &); //运算符重载为友元函数
void display();
private:
double real;
double imag;
};
Complex Complex::operator+(Complex &c) //定义成员运算符函数
{
return Complex(real + c.real, imag + c.imag);
}
Complex Complex::operator+(int &i) //定义成员运算符函数
{
return Complex(real + i, imag);
}
void Complex::display()
{
cout << "(" << real << "," << imag << "i)" << endl;
}
Complex operator+(int &i, Complex &c) //定义友元运算符函数
{
return Complex(i + c.real, c.imag);
}
int main()
{
Complex c1(3, 4), c2(5, -10), c3;
int i = 5;
c3 = c1 + c2;
cout << "c1+c2=";
c3.display();
c3 = i + c1;
cout << "i+c1=";
c3.display();
c3 = c1 + i;
cout << "c1+i=";
c3.display();
return 0;
}
//c1 + c2 = (8, –?6i)
//i + c1 = (8, 4i)
//c1 + i = (8, 4i)【解】
//10.4
//4.有两个矩阵a和b，均为2行3列。求两个矩阵之和。重载运算符“+”，
// 使之能用于矩阵相加（如c=a+b）。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Matrix //定义Matrix类
{
public:
Matrix(); //默认构造函数
friend Matrix operator+(Matrix &, Matrix &); //重载运算符“+”
void input(); //输入数据函数
void display(); //输出数据函数
private:
int mat[2][3];
};
Matrix::Matrix() //定义构造函数
{
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
mat[i][j] = 0;
}
Matrix operator+(Matrix &a, Matrix &b) //定义重载运算符+函数
{
Matrix c;
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
c.mat[i][j] = a.mat[i][j] + b.mat[i][j];
}
return c;
}
void Matrix::input() //定义输入数据函数
{
cout << "input value of matrix:" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
cin >> mat[i][j];
}
void Matrix::display() //定义输出数据函数
{
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
cout << mat[i][j] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
Matrix a, b, c;
a.input();
b.input();
cout << endl << "Matrix a:" << endl;
a.display();
cout << endl << "Matrix b:" << endl;
b.display();
c = a + b; //用重载运算符“+”实现两个矩阵相加
cout << endl << "Matrix c = Matrix a + Matrix b :" << endl;
c.display();
return 0;
}
//input value of matrix : 11 22 33 44 55 66↙
//input value of matrix : 12 13 14 15 16 17↙
//
//Matrix a :
//11 22 33
//44 55 66
//
//Matrix b :
//12 13 14
//15 16 17
//
//Matrix c = Matrix a + Matrix b :
//23 35 47
//59 71 83【解】
//10.5
//5.在第4题的基础上，重载流插入运算符“<<”和流提取运算符“>>”，
// 使之能用于该矩阵的输入和输出。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Matrix
{
public:
Matrix();
friend Matrix operator+(Matrix &, Matrix &); //重载运算符“+”的函数声明
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&, Matrix&); //重载运算符“<<”的函数声明
friend istream& operator>>(istream&, Matrix&); //重载运算符“>>”的函数声明
private:
int mat[2][3];
};
Matrix::Matrix()
{
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
mat[i][j] = 0;
}
Matrix operator+(Matrix &a, Matrix &b) //定义运算符“+”的重载函数
{
Matrix c;
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
c.mat[i][j] = a.mat[i][j] + b.mat[i][j];
}
return c;
}
istream& operator>>(istream &in, Matrix &m) //定义运算符“>>”的重载函数
{
cout << "input value of matrix:" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
in >> m.mat[i][j];
return in;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, Matrix &m) //定义运算符“<<”的重载函数
{
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
out << m.mat[i][j] << " ";
}
out << endl;
}
return out;
}
int main()
{
Matrix a, b, c;
cin >> a; //用cin输入矩阵
cin >> b;
cout << endl << "Matrix a:" << endl << a << endl; //用cout输出矩阵
cout << endl << "Matrix b:" << endl << b << endl;
c = a + b;
cout << endl << "Matrix c = Matrix a + Matrix b :" << endl << c << endl;
return 0;
}
【解】
//10.6
//6.请编写程序，处理一个复数与一个double数相加的运算，
// 结果存放在一个double型的变量d1中，输出d1的值，再以复数形式输出此值。
// 定义Complex(复数)类，在成员函数中包含重载类型转换运算符:
// operator double(){return real;}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
Complex() { real = 0; imag = 0; }
Complex(double r) { real = r; imag = 0; }
Complex(double r, double i) { real = r; imag = i; }
operator double() { return real; } //重载类型转换运算符
void display();
private:
double real;
double imag;
};
void Complex::display()
{
cout << "(" << real << ", " << imag << ")" << endl;
}
int main()
{
Complex c1(3, 4), c2;
double d1;
d1 = 2.5 + c1; //将c1转换为double型数, 与2.5相加, 结果为double型数
cout << "d1=" << d1 << endl; //输出double型变量d1的值
c2 = Complex(d1); //将d1再转换为复数
cout << "c2=";
c2.display(); //输出复数c2
return 0;
}
//d1 = 5.5
//c2 = (5.5, 0)【解】
//10.7
//7.定义一个Teacher(教师)类和一个Student(学生)类，二者有一部分数据成员是相同的，
// 例如num(号码)，name(姓名),sex(性别)。编写程序，
// 将一个Student对象(学生)转换为Teacher(教师)类，
// 只将以上3个相同的数据成员移植过去。
// 可以设想为： 一位学生大学毕业了，留校担任教师，
// 他原有的部分数据对现在的教师身份来说仍然是有用的，
// 应当保留并成为其教师数据的一部分。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Student//定义学生类
{
public:
Student(int, char[], char, float);//构造函数声明
int get_num() { return num; }//返回num的值
char get_name() { return name; }//返回name的值
char get_sex() { return sex; }//返回sex的值
void display()
{
cout << "num:" << num << "?\nname:" << name << "?\nsex:"
<< sex << "?\nscore:" << score << "?\n\n";
}
private:
int num;
char name[20];
char sex;
float score;//成绩
};
Student::Student(int n, char nam[], char s, float sco)//定义Student构造函数
{
num = n;
strcpy(name, nam);
sex = s;
score = sco;
}
class Teacher//定义教师类
{
public:
Teacher() {}//默认构造函数
Teacher(Student&);//转换构造函数
Teacher(int n, char nam[], char sex, float pay);//构造函数重载
void display();
private:
int num;
char name[20];
char sex;
float pay;//工资
};
Teacher::Teacher(int n, char nam[], char s, float p)//定义Teacher构造函数
{
num = n;
strcpy(name, nam);
sex = s;
pay = p;
}
Teacher::Teacher(Student& stud)//定义转换构造函数
{
num = stud.get_num();//将Student类对象的num成员转换为Teacher类对象的num
strcpy(name, stud.get_name());
sex = stud.get_sex();
pay = 1500;//假定试用期临时工资一律为1500元
}
void Teacher::display()//输出教师的信息
{
cout << "num:" << num << "?\nname:" << name << "?\nsex:"
<< sex << "?\npay:" << pay << "?\n\n";
}
int main()
{
Teacher teacher1(10001, "Li", 'f?', 1234.5), teacher2;
Student student1(20010, "Wang", 'm', 89.5);
cout << "student1:" << endl;
student1.display();//输出学生student1的信息
teacher2 = Teacher(student1);//将student1转换为Teacher类对象
cout << "teacher2:" << endl;
teacher2.display();//输出教师teacher2的信息
return 0;
}
//student1 :
//num:20010
//name : Wang
//sex : m
//score : 89.5
//
//Teacher2 :
//num : 20010
//name : Wang
//sex : m
//pay : 1500