原文参考链接
安装各类依赖工具
sudo apt-get install -y gcc make build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev wget curl llvm libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev xz-utils tk-dev libffi-dev liblzma-dev
下载源码文件压缩包
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/Python-3.6.8.tgz
解压与配置
tar -xzf Python-3.6.8.tgz
cd Python-3.6.8
sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations --prefix=/usr/local/bin/python3.6
–prefix=/usr/local/bin/python3.6:编译的时候用来指定程序存放路径
编译与安装
sudo make
sudo make install
设置软链接
sudo ln -s -f /usr/local/bin/python3.6/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3.6
sudo ln -s -f /usr/local/bin/python3.6/bin/pip3.6 /usr/bin/pip3.6
默认Python3对应的Virtualenvwrapper安装与使用参考链接
实际上,Python3自带了集成的venv.
指定项目路径(~/proj_doc
)并创建虚拟环境
python3.6 -m venv ~/proj_doc
该虚拟环境激活:
source ~/proj_doc/bin/activate
退出虚拟环境
deactivate
在该途径下进行包的pip安装,包会被安装至~/proj_doc/lib/python3.6/site-packages
下
在本文中采用的思路是为Ubuntu20.04默认的Python3(Python3.8)安装virtualenvwrapper, 并在创建虚拟环境时指定Python版本.
下载与安装virtualenvwrapper
pip3 install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper
设置WORKON路径等:
vim ~/.bashrc
在bashrc中加入下面的内容
# Virtualenvwrapper settings:
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3
export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_VIRTUALENV=$HOME/.local/bin/virtualenv
source $HOME/.local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
virtrualenvwrapper默认将所有的虚拟环境放置于~/.virtualenvs
目录下进行管理.
通过source命令或重新打开终端即可使其生效
source ~/.bashrc
创建虚拟环境
mkvirtualenv venv
指定Python版本进行虚拟环境创建
mkvirtualenv venv6 --python=/usr/local/bin/python3.6/bin/python3.6
报错情况:
RuntimeError: failed to query /usr/local/bin/python3.6/bin/python3.6 with code 1 err: ' File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/virtualenv/discovery/py_info.py", line 152\n os.path.join(base_dir, exe) for exe in (f"python{major}", f"python{major}.{minor}")\n ^\nSyntaxError: invalid syntax\n
解决方法:
virtualenv在>=20.22.0
后放弃了对<=
Python3.6的支持,所以降低virtualenv的版本即可。参考链接
pip3 install virtualenv==20.21.1
`
可根据不同的Python解释器所在路径进行参数的修改
查看环境
workon
切换环境
workon venv6
退出环境
deactivate
删除环境
rmvirtualenv venv6