INSERT [ INTO ] table_name[( column [, column ] ...)]VALUES (value_list) [, (value_list)] ...value_list: value , [, value ] ...
案例:
-- 创建一张学生表CREATE TABLE students (????????id INT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT ,????????sn INT NOT NULL UNIQUE COMMENT ' 学号 ' ,????????name VARCHAR ( 20 ) NOT NULL ,????????qq VARCHAR ( 20 ));
-- 插入两条记录, value_list 数量必须和定义表的列的数量及顺序一致-- 注意,这里在插入的时候,也可以不用指定 id( 当然,那时候就需要明确插入数据到那些列了 ) ,那么 mysql 会使用默认的值进行自增。INSERT INTO students VALUES ( 100 , 10000 , ' 唐三藏 ' , NULL );Query OK, 1 row affected ( 0.02 sec)?
INSERT INTO students VALUES ( 101 , 10001 , ' 孙悟空 ' , '11111' );Query OK, 1 row affected ( 0.02 sec)-- 查看插入结果SELECT * FROM students;+-----+-------+-----------+-------+| id? ? | sn? ? ?| name? ? | qq? ??|+-----+-------+-----------+-------+| 100 | 10000 | 唐三藏 | NULL || 101 | 10001 | 孙悟空 | 11111 |+-----+-------+-----------+-------+2 rows in set ( 0.00 sec)
-- 插入两条记录,value_list 数量必须和指定列数量及顺序一致
INSERT INTO students (id, sn, name) VALUES( 102 , 20001 , ' 曹孟德 ' ),( 103 , 20002 , ' 孙仲谋 ' );Query OK, 2 rows affected ( 0.02 sec)Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings : 0-- 查看插入结果SELECT * FROM students;+-----+-------+-----------+-------+| id? ? | sn? ? ?| name? ? | qq? ? |+-----+-------+-----------+-------+| 100 | 10000 | 唐三藏 | NULL || 101 | 10001 | 孙悟空 | 11111 || 102 | 20001 | 曹孟德 | NULL || 103 | 20002 | 孙仲谋 | NULL |+-----+-------+-----------+-------+4 rows in set ( 0.00 sec)
由于 主键 或者 唯一键 对应的值已经存在而导致插入失败 ?
-- 主键冲突INSERT INTO students (id, sn, name) VALUES ( 100 , 10010 , ' 唐大师 ' );ERROR 1062 ( 23000 ): Duplicate entry '100' for key 'PRIMARY'-- 唯一键冲突INSERT INTO students (sn, name) VALUES ( 20001 , ' 曹阿瞒 ' );ERROR 1062 ( 23000 ): Duplicate entry '20001' for key 'sn'?
可以选择性的进行同步更新操作 语法:
INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATEcolumn = value [, column = value ] ...
INSERT INTO students (id, sn, name) VALUES ( 100 , 10010 , ' 唐大师 ' )ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE sn = 10010 , name = ' 唐大师 ' ;Query OK, 2 rows affected ( 0.47 sec)-- 0 row affected: 表中有冲突数据,但冲突数据的值和 update 的值相等-- 1 row affected: 表中没有冲突数据,数据被插入-- 2 row affected: 表中有冲突数据,并且数据已经被更新-- 通过 MySQL 函数获取受到影响的数据行数SELECT ROW_COUNT();+-------------+| ROW_COUNT() |+-------------+| 2 ????????????? |+-------------+1 row in set ( 0.00 sec)-- ON DUPLICATE KEY 当发生重复 key 的时候
-- 主键 或者 唯一键 没有冲突,则直接插入;-- 主键 或者 唯一键 如果冲突,则删除后再插入REPLACE INTO students (sn, name) VALUES ( 20001 , ' 曹阿瞒 ' );Query OK, 2 rows affected ( 0.00 sec)-- 1 row affected: 表中没有冲突数据,数据被插入-- 2 row affected: 表中有冲突数据,删除后重新插入
语法:
SELECT[DISTINCT] {* | {column [, column] ...}[FROM table_name][WHERE ...][ORDER BY column [ASC | DESC], ...]LIMIT ...
案例:
-- 创建表结构CREATE TABLE exam_result (????????id INT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,????????name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '同学姓名 ',? ? ? ? chinese float DEFAULT 0.0 COMMENT '语文成绩',????????math float DEFAULT 0.0 COMMENT '数学成绩 ',????????english float DEFAULT 0.0 COMMENT '英语成绩 ');-- 插入测试数据INSERT INTO exam_result (name, chinese, math, english) VALUES????????('唐三藏 ', 67, 98, 56),????????('孙悟空 ', 87, 78, 77),????????('猪悟能 ', 88, 98, 90),????????('曹孟德 ', 82, 84, 67),????????('刘玄德 ', 55, 85, 45),????????('孙权', 70, 73, 78),????????('宋公明 ', 75, 65, 30);Query OK, 7 rows affected (0.00 sec)Records: 7 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
-- 通常情况下不建议使用 * 进行全列查询-- 1. 查询的列越多,意味着需要传输的数据量越大;-- 2. 可能会影响到索引的使用。(索引待后面课程讲解)SELECT * FROM exam_result;+----+-----------+-------+--------+--------+| id? ?| name?| chinese | math | english |+----+-----------+-------+--------+--------+| 1? ?| 唐三藏? ? |? ?? 67 |? ? ?98 |? ? ? 56 || 2? ?| 孙悟空? ? |? ?? 87 |? ? ?78 |? ? ? 77 || 3? ?| 猪悟能? ? |? ?? 88 |? ? ?98 |? ? ? 90 || 4? ?| 曹孟德? ? |? ?? 82 |? ? ?84 |? ? ? 67 || 5? ?| 刘玄德? ? |? ???55 |? ? ?85 |? ? ? 45 || 6? ?| 孙权? ? ? ? |?? ?70 |? ? ?73 |? ? ? 78 || 7? ?| 宋公明? ?|? ??75 |? ? ?65 | ?????30 |+----+-----------+-------+--------+--------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 指定列的顺序不需要按定义表的顺序来SELECT id, name, english FROM exam_result;+----+-----------+--------+| id???| name? | english |+----+-----------+--------+| 1???| 唐三藏 |? ? ? ? 56 || 2? ?| 孙悟空 |????????77 || 3? ?| 猪悟能 | ???????90 || 4? ?| 曹孟德 | ???????67 || 5? ?| 刘玄德 | ???????45 || 6? ?| 孙权? ? | ???????78 || 7? ?| 宋公明 | ???????30 |+----+-----------+--------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 表达式不包含字段SELECT id, name, 10 FROM exam_result;+----+-----------+----+| id? ?|? ? name | 10 |+----+-----------+----+| 1? ?| 唐三藏? ? | 10 || 2? ?| 孙悟空? ? | 10 || 3? ?| 猪悟能? ? | 10 || 4? ?| 曹孟德? ? | 10 || 5? ?| 刘玄德? ? | 10 || 6? ?| 孙权? ? ? ? | 10 || 7? ?| 宋公明? ? | 10 |+----+-----------+----+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 表达式包含一个字段SELECT id, name, english + 10 FROM exam_result;+----+-----------+-------------+| id? ?| name | english + 10 |+----+-----------+-------------+| 1? ?| 唐三藏? ?| 66? ? ? ? ? ? || 2? ?| 孙悟空? ?| 87? ? ? ? ? ? || 3? ?| 猪悟能? ?| 100? ? ? ? ? || 4? ?| 曹孟德? ?| 77 ???????????|| 5? ?| 刘玄德? ?| 55? ? ? ? ? ? || 6? ?| 孙权 ?????| 88 ????????????|| 7? ?| 宋公明? ?| 40? ? ? ? ? ? |+----+-----------+-------------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 表达式包含多个字段SELECT id, name, chinese + math + english FROM exam_result;+----+-----------+-------------------------+| id? | name | chinese + math + english |+----+-----------+-------------------------+| 1? ?| 唐三藏? ?| 221 ???????????????????????|| 2? ?| 孙悟空? ?| 242 ???????????????????????|| 3? ?| 猪悟能? ?| 276 ???????????????????????|| 4? ?| 曹孟德? ?| 233 ???????????????????????|| 5? ?| 刘玄德? ?| 185 ???????????????????????|| 6? ?| 孙权? ? ? ?| 221 ???????????????????????|| 7? ?| 宋公明? ?| 170 ???????????????????????|+----+-----------+-------------------------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
语法:
SELECT column [AS] alias_name [...] FROM table_name; ?
SELECT id, name, chinese + math + english 总分 FROM exam_result;+----+-----------+--------+| id? ?|? ? name | 总分? ? |+----+-----------+--------+| 1? ?| 唐三藏? ? | 221? ? || 2? ?| 孙悟空? ? | 242? ? || 3? ?| 猪悟能? ? | 276? ? || 4? ?| 曹孟德? ? | 233? ? || 5? ?| 刘玄德? ? | 185? ? || 6? ?| 孙权? ? ? ? | 221? ? || 7? ?| 宋公明? ? | 170? ? |+----+-----------+--------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 98 分重复了SELECT math FROM exam_result;+--------+| math |+--------+| 98 || 78 || 98 || 84 || 85 || 73 || 65 |+--------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 去重结果SELECT DISTINCT math FROM exam_result;+--------+| math |+--------+| 98 || 78 || 84 || 85 || 73 || 65 |+--------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
比较运算符:
?
运算符 | 说明 |
AND | 多个条件必须都为TRUE(1),结果才是TRUE(1) |
OR | 任意一个条件为TRUE(1),结果为TRUE(1) |
NOT | 条件为TRUE(1),结果为FALSE(0) |
-- 基本比较SELECT name, english FROM exam_result WHERE english < 60;+-----------+--------+| name | english |+-----------+--------+| 唐三藏 | 56 || 刘玄德 | 45 || 宋公明 | 30 |+-----------+--------+3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
-- 使用 AND 进行条件连接SELECT name, chinese FROM exam_result WHERE chinese >= 80 AND chinese <= 90;+-----------+-------+| name?| chinese |+-----------+-------+| 孙悟空 | 87 || 猪悟能 | 88 || 曹孟德 | 82 |+-----------+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 使用 BETWEEN ... AND ... 条件SELECT name, chinese FROM exam_result WHERE chinese BETWEEN 80 AND 90;+-----------+-------+| name | chinese |+-----------+-------+| 孙悟空 | 87 || 猪悟能 | 88 || 曹孟德 | 82 |+-----------+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 使用 OR 进行条件连接SELECT name, math FROM exam_result????????WHERE math = 58????????OR math = 59????????OR math = 98????????OR math = 99;+-----------+--------+| name | math |+-----------+--------+| 唐三藏 | 98 || 猪悟能 | 98 |+-----------+--------+2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
-- 使用 IN 条件SELECT name, math FROM exam_result WHERE math IN (58, 59, 98, 99);+-----------+--------+| name | math |+-----------+--------+| 唐三藏 | 98 || 猪悟能 | 98 |+-----------+--------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- % 匹配任意多个(包括 0 个)任意字符SELECT name FROM exam_result WHERE name LIKE ' 孙 %';+-----------+| name? ? |+-----------+| 孙悟空? ? || 孙权? ? ?? |+-----------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- _ 匹配严格的一个任意字符SELECT name FROM exam_result WHERE name LIKE ' 孙 _';+--------+| name |+--------+| 孙权 |+--------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-- WHERE 条件中比较运算符两侧都是字段SELECT name, chinese, english FROM exam_result WHERE chinese > english;+-----------+-------+--------+| name | chinese | english |+-----------+-------+--------+| 唐三藏 | 67 | 56 || 孙悟空 | 87 | 77 || 曹孟德 | 82 | 67 || 刘玄德 | 55 | 45 || 宋公明 | 75 | 30 |+-----------+-------+--------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- WHERE 条件中使用表达式-- 别名不能用在 WHERE 条件中SELECT name, chinese + math + english 总分 FROM exam_result????????WHERE chinese + math + english < 200;+-----------+--------+| name | 总分 |+-----------+--------+| 刘玄德 | 185 || 宋公明 | 170 |+-----------+--------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- AND 与 NOT 的使用SELECT name, chinese FROM exam_result????????WHERE chinese > 80 AND name NOT LIKE '孙 %';+----+-----------+-------+--------+--------+| id | name | chinese | math | english |+----+-----------+-------+--------+--------+| 3 | 猪悟能 | 88 | 98 | 90 || 4 | 曹孟德 | 82 | 84 | 67 |+----+-----------+-------+--------+--------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 综合性查询SELECT name, chinese, math, english, chinese + math + english 总分????????FROM exam_result????????WHERE name LIKE '孙 _' OR (????????chinese + math + english > 200 AND chinese < math AND english > 80);+-----------+-------+--------+--------+--------+| name | chinese | math | english | 总分 |+-----------+-------+--------+--------+--------+| 猪悟能 | 88 | 98 | 90 | 276 || 孙权 | 70 | 73 | 78 | 221 |+-----------+-------+--------+--------+--------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 查询 students 表+-----+-------+-----------+-------+| id | sn | name | qq |+-----+-------+-----------+-------+| 100 | 10010 | 唐大师 | NULL || 101 | 10001 | 孙悟空 | 11111 || 103 | 20002 | 孙仲谋 | NULL || 104 | 20001 | 曹阿瞒 | NULL |+-----+-------+-----------+-------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 查询 qq 号已知的同学姓名SELECT name, qq FROM students WHERE qq IS NOT NULL;+-----------+-------+| name | qq |+-----------+-------+| 孙悟空 | 11111 |+-----------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)-- NULL 和 NULL 的比较, = 和 <=> 的区别SELECT NULL = NULL, NULL = 1, NULL = 0;+-------------+----------+----------+| NULL = NULL | NULL = 1 | NULL = 0 |+-------------+----------+----------+| NULL | NULL | NULL |+-------------+----------+----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)SELECT NULL <=> NULL, NULL <=> 1, NULL <=> 0;+---------------+------------+------------+| NULL <=> NULL | NULL <=> 1 | NULL <=> 0 |+---------------+------------+------------+| 1 | 0 | 0 |+---------------+------------+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-- ASC 为升序(从小到大)-- DESC 为降序(从大到小)-- 默认为 ASCSELECT ... FROM table_name [WHERE ...]ORDER BY column [ASC|DESC], [...];
SELECT name, math FROM exam_result ORDER BY math;+-----------+--------+| name | math |+-----------+--------+| 宋公明 | 65 || 孙权 | 73 || 孙悟空 | 78 || 曹孟德 | 84 || 刘玄德 | 85 || 唐三藏 | 98 || 猪悟能 | 98 |+-----------+--------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- NULL 视为比任何值都小,升序出现在最上面SELECT name, qq FROM students ORDER BY qq;+-----------+-------+| name | qq |+-----------+-------+| 唐大师 | NULL || 孙仲谋 | NULL || 曹阿瞒 | NULL || 孙悟空 | 11111 |+-----------+-------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- NULL 视为比任何值都小,降序出现在最下面SELECT name, qq FROM students ORDER BY qq DESC;+-----------+-------+| name | qq |+-----------+-------+| 孙悟空 | 11111 || 唐大师 | NULL || 孙仲谋 | NULL || 曹阿瞒 | NULL |+-----------+-------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 多字段排序,排序优先级随书写顺序SELECT name, math, english, chinese FROM exam_resultORDER BY math DESC, english, chinese;+-----------+--------+--------+-------+| name | math | english | chinese |+-----------+--------+--------+-------+| 唐三藏 | 98 | 56 | 67 || 猪悟能 | 98 | 90 | 88 || 刘玄德 | 85 | 45 | 55 || 曹孟德 | 84 | 67 | 82 || 孙悟空 | 78 | 77 | 87 || 孙权 | 73 | 78 | 70 || 宋公明 | 65 | 30 | 75 |+-----------+--------+--------+-------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- ORDER BY 中可以使用表达式SELECT name, chinese + english + math FROM exam_result????????ORDER BY chinese + english + math DESC;+-----------+-------------------------+| name | chinese + english + math |+-----------+-------------------------+| 猪悟能 | 276 || 孙悟空 | 242 || 曹孟德 | 233 || 唐三藏 | 221 || 孙权 | 221 || 刘玄德 | 185 || 宋公明 | 170 |+-----------+-------------------------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- ORDER BY 子句中可以使用列别名SELECT name, chinese + english + math 总分 FROM exam_result????????ORDER BY 总分 DESC;+-----------+--------+| name | 总分 |+-----------+--------+| 猪悟能 | 276 || 孙悟空 | 242 || 曹孟德 | 233 || 唐三藏 | 221 || 孙权 | 221 || 刘玄德 | 185 || 宋公明 | 170 |+-----------+--------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 结合 WHERE 子句 和 ORDER BY 子句SELECT name, math FROM exam_result????????WHERE name LIKE '孙 %' OR name LIKE ' 曹 %'????????ORDER BY math DESC;+-----------+--------+| name | math |+-----------+--------+| 曹孟德 | 84 || 孙悟空 | 78 || 孙权 | 73 |+-----------+--------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec) ?
-- 起始下标为 0-- 从 s 开始,筛选 n 条结果SELECT ... FROM table_name [WHERE ...] [ORDER BY ...] LIMIT s, n-- 从 0 开始,筛选 n 条结果SELECT ... FROM table_name [WHERE ...] [ORDER BY ...] LIMIT n;-- 从 s 开始,筛选 n 条结果,比第二种用法更明确,建议使用SELECT ... FROM table_name [WHERE ...] [ORDER BY ...] LIMIT n OFFSET s;
-- 第 1 页SELECT id, name, math, english, chinese FROM exam_result????????ORDER BY id LIMIT 3 OFFSET 0;+----+-----------+--------+--------+-------+| id | name | math | english | chinese |+----+-----------+--------+--------+-------+| 1 | 唐三藏 | 98 | 56 | 67 || 2 | 孙悟空 | 78 | 77 | 87 || 3 | 猪悟能 | 98 | 90 | 88 |+----+-----------+--------+--------+-------+3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
-- 第 2 页SELECT id, name, math, english, chinese FROM exam_result????????ORDER BY id LIMIT 3 OFFSET 3;+----+-----------+--------+--------+-------+| id | name | math | english | chinese |+----+-----------+--------+--------+-------+| 4 | 曹孟德 | 84 | 67 | 82 || 5 | 刘玄德 | 85 | 45 | 55 || 6 | 孙权 | 73 | 78 | 70 |+----+-----------+--------+--------+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 第 3 页,如果结果不足 3 个,不会有影响SELECT id, name, math, english, chinese FROM exam_result????????ORDER BY id LIMIT 3 OFFSET 6;+----+-----------+--------+--------+-------+| id | name | math | english | chinese |+----+-----------+--------+--------+-------+| 7 | 宋公明 | 65 | 30 | 75 |+----+-----------+--------+--------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
语法:
UPDATE table_name SET column = expr [, column = expr ...][WHERE ...] [ORDER BY ...] [LIMIT ...]
-- 更新值为具体值-- 查看原数据SELECT name, math FROM exam_result WHERE name = ' 孙悟空 ';+-----------+--------+| name | math |+-----------+--------+| 孙悟空 | 78 |+-----------+--------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)-- 数据更新UPDATE exam_result SET math = 80 WHERE name = ' 孙悟空 ';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0-- 查看更新后数据SELECT name, math FROM exam_result WHERE name = ' 孙悟空 ';+-----------+--------+| name | math |+-----------+--------+| 孙悟空 | 80 |+-----------+--------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-- 一次更新多个列| nam-- 查看原数据SELECT name, math, chinese FROM exam_result WHERE name = ' 曹孟德 ';+-----------+--------+-------+e | math | chinese |+-----------+--------+-------+| 曹孟德 | 84 | 82 |+-----------+--------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)-- 数据更新UPDATE exam_result SET math = 60, chinese = 70 WHERE name = ' 曹孟德 ';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0-- 查看更新后数据SELECT name, math, chinese FROM exam_result WHERE name = ' 曹孟德 ';+-----------+--------+-------+| name | math | chinese |+-----------+--------+-------+| 曹孟德 | 60 | 70 |+-----------+--------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-- 更新值为原值基础上变更-- 查看原数据-- 别名可以在 ORDER BY 中使用SELECT name, math, chinese + math + english 总分 FROM exam_result????????ORDER BY 总分 LIMIT 3;+-----------+--------+--------+| name | math | 总分 |+-----------+--------+--------+| 宋公明 | 65 | 170 || 刘玄德 | 85 | 185 || 曹孟德 | 60 | 197 |+-----------+--------+--------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 数据更新,不支持 math += 30 这种语法UPDATE exam_result SET math = math + 30????????ORDER BY chinese + math + english LIMIT 3;-- 查看更新后数据SELECT name, math, chinese + math + english 总分 FROM exam_result????????WHERE name IN ('宋公明 ', ' 刘玄德 ', ' 曹孟德 ');+-----------+--------+--------+| name | math | 总分 |+-----------+--------+--------+| 曹孟德 | 90 | 227 || 刘玄德 | 115 | 215 || 宋公明 | 95 | 200 |+-----------+--------+--------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)-- 按总成绩排序后查询结果SELECT name, math, chinese + math + english 总分 FROM exam_result????????ORDER BY 总分 LIMIT 3;+-----------+--------+--------+| name | math | 总分 |+-----------+--------+--------+| 宋公明 | 95 | 200 || 刘玄德 | 115 | 215 || 唐三藏 | 98 | 221 |+-----------+--------+--------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
语法:
DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE ...] [ORDER BY ...] [LIMIT ...] ?
案例:
-- 查看原数据SELECT * FROM exam_result WHERE name = ' 孙悟空 ';+----+-----------+-------+--------+--------+| id | name | chinese | math | english |+----+-----------+-------+--------+--------+| 2 | 孙悟空 | 174 | 80 | 77 |+----+-----------+-------+--------+--------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)-- 删除数据DELETE FROM exam_result WHERE name = ' 孙悟空 ';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.17 sec)-- 查看删除结果SELECT * FROM exam_result WHERE name = ' 孙悟空 ';Empty set (0.00 sec)
注意:删除整张表操作要慎重
-- 准备测试表CREATE TABLE for_delete (????????id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,????????name VARCHAR(20));Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)-- 插入测试数据INSERT INTO for_delete (name) VALUES ('A'), ('B'), ('C');Query OK, 3 rows affected (1.05 sec)Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0-- 查看测试数据SELECT * FROM for_delete;+----+------+| id | name |+----+------+| 1 | A || 2 | B || 3 | C |+----+------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
语法:
TRUNCATE [TABLE] table_name ?
-- 准备测试表CREATE TABLE for_truncate (id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,name VARCHAR(20));Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)-- 插入测试数据INSERT INTO for_truncate (name) VALUES ('A'), ('B'), ('C');Query OK, 3 rows affected (1.05 sec)Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0-- 查看测试数据SELECT * FROM for_truncate;+----+------+| id | name |+----+------+| 1 | A || 2 | B || 3 | C |+----+------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 截断整表数据,注意影响行数是 0 ,所以实际上没有对数据真正操作TRUNCATE for_truncate;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)-- 查看删除结果SELECT * FROM for_truncate;Empty set (0.00 sec)
语法:
INSERT INTO table_name [(column [, column ...])] SELECT ...?
案例:删除表中的的重复复记录,重复的数据只能有一份
-- 创建原数据表CREATE TABLE duplicate_table (id int, name varchar(20));Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)-- 插入测试数据INSERT INTO duplicate_table VALUES????????(100, 'aaa'),????????(100, 'aaa'),????????(200, 'bbb'),????????(200, 'bbb'),????????(200, 'bbb'),????????(300, 'ccc');Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.00 sec)Records: 6 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
思路:
-- 创建一张空表 no_duplicate_table ,结构和 duplicate_table 一样CREATE TABLE no_duplicate_table LIKE duplicate_table;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)?
-- 将 duplicate_table 的去重数据插入到 no_duplicate_tableINSERT INTO no_duplicate_table SELECT DISTINCT * FROM duplicate_table;Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0-- 通过重命名表,实现原子的去重操作RENAME TABLE duplicate_table TO old_duplicate_table,no_duplicate_table TO duplicate_table;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)-- 查看最终结果SELECT * FROM duplicate_table;+------+------+| id | name |+------+------+| 100 | aaa || 200 | bbb || 300 | ccc |+------+------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
函数 | 说明 |
COUNT([DISTINCT] expr)
|
返回查询到的数据的 数量
|
SUM([DISTINCT] expr)
|
返回查询到的数据的 总和,不是数字没有意义
|
AVG([DISTINCT] expr)
|
返回查询到的数据的 平均值,不是数字没有意义
|
MAX([DISTINCT] expr)
|
返回查询到的数据的 最大值,不是数字没有意义
|
MIN([DISTINCT] expr)
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返回查询到的数据的 最小值,不是数字没有意义
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select column1, column2, .. from table group by column;