前言:
? ? ? ?这是一个Flink自定义开发的基础教学。本文将通过flink的DataStream模块API,以kafka为数据源,构建一个基础测试环境;包含一个kafka生产者线程工具,一个自定义FilterFunction算子,一个自定义MapFunction算子,用一个flink任务的代码逻辑,将实时读kafka并多层处理串起来;让读者体会通过Flink构建自定义函数的技巧。
Flink提供四个基础模块:核心SDK开发API分别是处理实时计算的DataStream和处理离线计算的DataSet;基于这两个SDK,在其上包装了TableAPI开发模块的SDK;在Table API之上,定义了高度抽象可用SQL开发任务的FlinkSQL。在核心开发API之下,还有基础API的接口,可用于对时间,状态,算子等最细粒度的特性对象做操作,如包装自定义算子的ProcessWindowFunction和ProcessFunction等基础函数以及内置的对象状态StateTtlConfig;
FLINK开发API关系结构如下:
Flink实时任务的的通用技术架构是消息队列中间件+Flink任务:
将数据采集到Kafka或pulser这类队列中间件的Topic,然后使用Flink内置的kafkaSource,监控Topic的数据情况,做实时处理。
这里以flink1.14.6+scala1.12版本为例:
package org.example.util;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.Producer;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord;
import java.util.*;
/**
* 向kafka生产数据
*
* @author i7杨
* @date 2024/01/12 13:02:29
*/
public class KafkaProducerUtil extends Thread {
private String topic;
public KafkaProducerUtil(String topic) {
super();
this.topic = topic;
}
private static Producer<String, String> createProducer() {
// 通过Properties类设置Producer的属性
Properties properties = new Properties();
// 测试环境 kafka 配置
properties.put("bootstrap.servers", "ip2:9092,ip:9092,ip3:9092");
properties.put("key.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");
properties.put("value.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");
return new KafkaProducer<String, String>(properties);
}
@Override
public void run() {
Producer<String, String> producer = createProducer();
Random random = new Random();
Random random2 = new Random();
while (true) {
int nums = random.nextInt(10);
int nums2 = random.nextInt(50);
// double nums2 = random2.nextDouble();
String time = new Date().getTime() / 1000 + 5 + "";
String type = "pv";
try {
if (nums2 % 2 == 0) {
type = "pv";
} else {
type = "uv";
}
// String info = "{\"user\":" + nums + ",\"item\":" + nums * 10 + ",\"category\":" + nums2 + ",\"pv\":" + nums2 * 5 + ",\"ts\":\"" + time + "\"}";
String info = nums + "=" + nums2;
System.out.println("message : " + info);
producer.send(new ProducerRecord<String, String>(this.topic, info));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("=========数据已经写入==========");
try {
sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new KafkaProducerUtil("test01").run();
}
public static void sendMessage(String topic, String message) {
Producer<String, String> producer = createProducer();
producer.send(new ProducerRecord<String, String>(topic, message));
}
}
这里自定义了filter和map两个算子函数,测试逻辑按照数据结构变化:
自定义FilterFunction函数算子:阈值小于40的过滤掉
package org.example.funtion;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.FilterFunction;
/**
* FilterFunction重构
*
* @author i7杨
* @date 2024/01/12 13:02:29
*/
public class InfoFilterFunction implements FilterFunction<String> {
private double threshold;
public InfoFilterFunction(double threshold) {
this.threshold = threshold;
}
@Override
public boolean filter(String value) throws Exception {
if (value.split("=").length == 2)
// 阈值过滤
return Double.valueOf(value.split("=")[1]) > threshold;
else return false;
}
}
自定义MapFunction函数:后缀为2的,添加上特殊信息
package org.example.funtion;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.MapFunction;
public class ActionMapFunction implements MapFunction<String, String> {
@Override
public String map(String value) throws Exception {
System.out.println("value:" + value);
if (value.endsWith("2"))
return value.concat(":Special processing information");
else return value;
}
}
任务逻辑:使用kafka工具产生数据,然后监控kafka的topic,讲几个函数串起来,输出结果;
package org.example.service;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.serialization.SimpleStringSchema;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStream;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.connectors.kafka.FlinkKafkaConsumer;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
import org.example.funtion.ActionMapFunction;
import org.example.funtion.InfoFilterFunction;
import java.util.*;
public class FlinkTestDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 设置执行环境
StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
// Kafka 配置
Properties kafkaProps = new Properties();
kafkaProps.setProperty(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "ip1:9092,ip2:9092,ip3:9092");
kafkaProps.setProperty(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "flink-consumer-group");
kafkaProps.setProperty(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
kafkaProps.setProperty(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
kafkaProps.setProperty(ConsumerConfig.AUTO_OFFSET_RESET_CONFIG, "earliest");
// 创建 Kafka 消费者
FlinkKafkaConsumer<String> kafkaConsumer = new FlinkKafkaConsumer<>(
"test01",// Kafka 主题名称
new SimpleStringSchema(),
kafkaProps);
// 从 Kafka 中读取数据流
DataStream<String> kafkaStream = env.addSource(kafkaConsumer);
env.disableOperatorChaining();
kafkaStream
.filter(new InfoFilterFunction(40))
.map(new ActionMapFunction())
.print("阈值大于40以上的message=");
// 执行任务
env.execute("This is a testing task");
}
}
运行结果: