Spring Boot+RocketMQ 实现多实例分布式环境下的事件驱动

为什么要使用MQ？

在Spring Boot Event这篇文章中已经通过Guava或者SpringBoot自身的Listener实现了事件驱动，已经做到了对业务的解耦。为什么还要用到MQ来进行业务解耦呢？

首先无论是通过Guava还是Spring Boot自身提供的监听注解来实现的事件驱动他都是处于同一进程中的，意思就是当前事件推送后只有当前的进程可以进行消费。通过MQ可以实现将事件推送到进程外的Broker中，在多实例/分布式环境下，其他的服务在订阅同一事件（Topic）时，可以在各自的服务中进行消费，最大化空闲服务的利用。

源码地址：Gitee

整合RocketMQ

依赖版本

• JDK 17
• Spring Boot 3.2.0
• RocketMQ-Client 5.0.4
• RocketMQ-Starter 2.2.0

可以参考这篇进行RocketMQ安装

Spring Boot 3.0+ 取消了对spring.factories的支持。所以在导入时需要手动引入RocketMQ的配置类。

引入RocketMQ依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.rocketmq</groupId>
    <artifactId>rocketmq-client-java</artifactId>
    <version>5.0.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.rocketmq</groupId>
    <artifactId>rocketmq-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.0</version>
</dependency>

解决Spring Boot3+不兼容 spring.factories

rocketmq-spring-boot-starter:2.2.2版本中：

参考配置文件

# RocketMQ 配置
rocketmq:
  name-server: 127.0.0.1:9876
  consumer:
    group: event-mq-group
    # 一次拉取消息最大值，注意是拉取消息的最大值而非消费最大值
    pull-batch-size: 1
  producer:
    # 发送同一类消息的设置为同一个group，保证唯一
    group: event-mq-group
    # 发送消息超时时间，默认3000
    sendMessageTimeout: 10000
    # 发送消息失败重试次数，默认2
    retryTimesWhenSendFailed: 2
    # 异步消息重试此处，默认2
    retryTimesWhenSendAsyncFailed: 2
    # 消息最大长度，默认1024 * 1024 * 4(默认4M)
    maxMessageSize: 4096
    # 压缩消息阈值，默认4k(1024 * 4)
    compressMessageBodyThreshold: 4096
    # 是否在内部发送失败时重试另一个broker，默认false
    retryNextServer: false

参考Issue

• 方法一 ：通过@Import(RocketMQAutoConfiguration.class)在配置类中引入

• 方法二：在resources资源目录下创建文件夹及文件META-INF/spring，org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfiguration.imports。
  文件内容为RocketMQ自动配置类路径：org.apache.rocketmq.spring.autoconfigure.RocketMQAutoConfiguration

RocketMQ 使用

解决Spring Boot3+不支持spring.factories的问题

import org.apache.rocketmq.spring.autoconfigure.RocketMQAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;

/**
 * 启动类
 */
@Import(RocketMQAutoConfiguration.class)
@SpringBootApplication
public class MQEventApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MQEventApplication.class, args);
    }
}

RocketMQ操作工具

RocketMQ Message实体

import cn.hutool.core.util.IdUtil;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.apache.commons.collections.CollectionUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.ObjectUtils;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.support.MessageBuilder;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * RocketMQ 消息
 */
@Data
@Builder
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class RocketMQMessage<T> implements Serializable {

    /**
     * 消息队列主题
     */
    @NotBlank(message = "MQ Topic 不能为空")
    private String topic;

    /**
     * 延迟级别
     */
    @Builder.Default
    private DelayLevel delayLevel = DelayLevel.OFF;

    /**
     * 消息体
     */
    private T message;

    /**
     * 消息体
     */
    private List<T> messages;

    /**
     * 使用有序消息发送时，指定发送到队列
     */
    private String hashKey;

    /**
     * 任务Id，用于日志打印相关信息
     */
    @Builder.Default
    private String taskId = IdUtil.fastSimpleUUID();
}

RocketMQTemplate 二次封装

import com.yiyan.study.domain.RocketMQMessage;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendCallback;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;
import org.apache.rocketmq.spring.core.RocketMQTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * RocketMQ 消息工具类
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
public class RocketMQService {

    @Resource
    private RocketMQTemplate rocketMQTemplate;

    @Value("${rocketmq.producer.sendMessageTimeout}")
    private int sendMessageTimeout;

    /**
     * 异步发送消息回调
     *
     * @param taskId 任务Id
     * @param topic  消息主题
     * @return the send callback
     */
    private static SendCallback asyncSendCallback(String taskId, String topic) {
        return new SendCallback() {
            @Override
            public void onSuccess(SendResult sendResult) {
                log.info("ROCKETMQ 异步消息发送成功 : [TaskId:{}] - [Topic:{}] - [SendStatus:{}]", taskId, topic, sendResult.getSendStatus());
            }

            @Override
            public void onException(Throwable throwable) {
                log.error("ROCKETMQ 异步消息发送失败 : [TaskId:{}] - [Topic:{}] - [ErrorMessage:{}]", taskId, topic, throwable.getMessage());
            }
        };
    }

    /**
     * 发送同步消息，使用有序发送请设置HashKey
     *
     * @param message 消息参数
     */
    public <T> void syncSend(RocketMQMessage<T> message) {
        log.info("ROCKETMQ 同步消息发送 : [TaskId:{}] - [Topic:{}]", message.getTaskId(), message.getTopic());
        SendResult sendResult;
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(message.getHashKey())) {
            sendResult = rocketMQTemplate.syncSendOrderly(message.getTopic(), message.getMessage(), message.getHashKey());
        } else {
            sendResult = rocketMQTemplate.syncSend(message.getTopic(), message.getMessage(), sendMessageTimeout, message.getDelayLevel().getLevel());
        }
        log.info("ROCKETMQ 同步消息发送结果 : [TaskId:{}] - [Topic:{}] - [MessageId:{}] - [SendStatus:{}]",
                message.getTaskId(), message.getTopic(), sendResult.getMsgId(), sendResult.getSendStatus());
    }

    /**
     * 批量发送同步消息
     *
     * @param message 消息参数
     */
    public <T> void syncSendBatch(RocketMQMessage<T> message) {
        log.info("ROCKETMQ 同步消息-批量发送 : [TaskId:{}] - [Topic:{}] - [MessageCount:{}]",
                message.getTaskId(), message.getTopic(), message.getMessages().size());
        SendResult sendResult;
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(message.getHashKey())) {
            sendResult = rocketMQTemplate.syncSendOrderly(message.getTopic(), message.getMessages(), message.getHashKey());
        } else {
            sendResult = rocketMQTemplate.syncSend(message.getTopic(), message.getMessages());
        }
        log.info("ROCKETMQ 同步消息-批量发送结果 : [TaskId:{}] - [Topic:{}] - [MessageId:{}] - [SendStatus:{}]",
                message.getTaskId(), message.getTopic(), sendResult.getMsgId(), sendResult.getSendStatus());
    }

    /**
     * 异步发送消息，异步返回消息结果
     *
     * @param message 消息参数
     */
    public <T> void asyncSend(RocketMQMessage<T> message) {
        log.info("ROCKETMQ 异步消息发送 : [TaskId:{}] - [Topic:{}]", message.getTaskId(), message.getTopic());
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(message.getHashKey())) {
            rocketMQTemplate.asyncSendOrderly(message.getTopic(), message.getMessage(), message.getHashKey(),
                    asyncSendCallback(message.getTaskId(), message.getTopic()));
        } else {
            rocketMQTemplate.asyncSend(message.getTopic(), message.getMessage(),
                    asyncSendCallback(message.getTaskId(), message.getTopic()), sendMessageTimeout, message.getDelayLevel().getLevel());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 批量异步发送消息
     *
     * @param message 消息参数
     */
    public <T> void asyncSendBatch(RocketMQMessage<T> message) {
        log.info("ROCKETMQ 异步消息-批量发送 : [TaskId:{}] - [Topic:{}] - [MessageCount:{}]",
                message.getTaskId(), message.getTopic(), message.getMessages().size());
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(message.getHashKey())) {
            rocketMQTemplate.asyncSendOrderly(message.getTopic(), message.getMessages(), message.getHashKey(),
                    asyncSendCallback(message.getTaskId(), message.getTopic()));
        } else {
            rocketMQTemplate.asyncSend(message.getTopic(), message.getMessages(),
                    asyncSendCallback(message.getTaskId(), message.getTopic()));
        }
    }

    /**
     * 单向发送消息，不关心返回结果，容易消息丢失，适合日志收集、不精确统计等消息发送;
     *
     * @param message 消息参数
     */
    public <T> void sendOneWay(RocketMQMessage<T> message) {
        sendOneWay(message, false);
    }

    /**
     * 单向消息 - 批量发送
     *
     * @param message 消息体
     * @param batch   是否为批量操作
     */
    public <T> void sendOneWay(RocketMQMessage<T> message, boolean batch) {
        log.info((batch ? "ROCKETMQ 单向消息发送 : [TaskId:{}] - [Topic:{}]"
                        : "ROCKETMQ 单向消息-批量发送 : [TaskId:{}] - [Topic:{}] - [MessageCount{}]"),
                message.getTaskId(), message.getTopic(), message.getMessages().size());
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(message.getHashKey())) {
            if (batch) {
                message.getMessages().
                        forEach(msg -> rocketMQTemplate.sendOneWayOrderly(message.getTopic(), msg, message.getHashKey()));
            } else {
                rocketMQTemplate.sendOneWayOrderly(message.getTopic(), message.getMessage(), message.getHashKey());
            }
        } else {
            if (batch) {
                message.getMessages().forEach(msg -> rocketMQTemplate.sendOneWay(message.getTopic(), msg));
            } else {
                rocketMQTemplate.sendOneWay(message.getTopic(), message.getMessage());
            }
        }
    }
}

定义RocketMQ消费者

import com.yiyan.study.constants.MQConfig;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.rocketmq.spring.annotation.RocketMQMessageListener;
import org.apache.rocketmq.spring.core.RocketMQListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * MQ消息监听
 */
@Component
@Slf4j
@RocketMQMessageListener(topic = MQConfig.EVENT_TOPIC,
        consumerGroup = MQConfig.EVENT_CONSUMER_GROUP)
public class MQListener implements RocketMQListener<String> {
    @Override
    public void onMessage(String message) {
        log.info("MQListener 接收消息 ： {}", message);
    }
}

定义测试类发送消息

import cn.hutool.core.thread.ThreadUtil;
import com.yiyan.study.constants.MQConfig;
import com.yiyan.study.domain.RocketMQMessage;
import com.yiyan.study.utils.RocketMQService;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

/**
 * MQ测试
 */
@SpringBootTest
public class MQTest {

    @Resource
    private RocketMQService rocketMQService;

    @Test
    public void sendMessage() {
        int count = 1;
        while (count <= 50) {
            rocketMQService.syncSend(RocketMQMessage.builder()
                    .topic(MQConfig.EVENT_TOPIC)
                    .message(count++)
                    .build());
        }
        // 休眠等待消费消息
        ThreadUtil.sleep(2000L);
    }
}

测试