上传文件是互联网中常常应用的场景之一,最典型的情况就是上传头像等,今天就带着带着大家做一个 Spring
Boot 上传文件的小案例。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-file-upload</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>spring-boot-file-upload</name>
<description>spring-boot-file-upload</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
引入了spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf
做页面模板引擎,写一些简单的上传示例。
package com.example;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
#http://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/htmlsingle/#common-application-properties
#search multipart
spring.servlet.multipart.max-file-size=10MB
spring.servlet.multipart.max-request-size=10MB
上传页面upload.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>Spring Boot file upload example</h1>
<form method="POST" action="/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="file"/><br/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="Submit"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
非常简单的一个 Post 请求,一个选择框选择文件,一个提交按钮,效果如下。
上传结果展示页面uploadStatus.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<body>
<h1>Spring Boot - Upload Status</h1>
<div th:if="${message}">
<h2 th:text="${message}"/>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果图如下:
访问 localhost 自动跳转到上传页面:
package com.example.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.RedirectAttributes;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
@Controller
public class UploadController {
// 上传的文件的保存路径
private static String UPLOADED_FOLDER = "D:\\content\\【完】SpringBoot\\【完】007-SpringBoot文件上传\\";
@GetMapping("/")
public String index() {
return "upload";
}
@PostMapping("/upload")
public String singleFileUpload(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file,
RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes) {
if (file.isEmpty()) {
redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("message", "Please select a file to upload");
return "redirect:uploadStatus";
}
try {
// 获取文件并设置保存路径
byte[] bytes = file.getBytes();
Path dir = Paths.get(UPLOADED_FOLDER);
Path path = Paths.get(UPLOADED_FOLDER + file.getOriginalFilename());
// 不存在的话则创建
if (!Files.exists(dir)) {
Files.createDirectories(dir);
}
Files.write(path, bytes);
// 该方法可以直接上传到目标文件
// file.transferTo(target);
redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("message",
"You successfully uploaded '" + file.getOriginalFilename() + "'");
} catch (IOException e) {
redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("message", "Server throw IOException");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "redirect:/uploadStatus";
}
@GetMapping("/uploadStatus")
public String uploadStatus() {
return "uploadStatus";
}
}
上面代码的意思就是,通过MultipartFile
读取文件信息,如果文件为空跳转到结果页并给出提示;如果不为空
读取文件流并写入到指定目录,最后将结果展示到页面。
MultipartFile
是Spring上传文件的封装类,包含了文件的二进制流和文件属性等信息,在配置文件中也可对相
关属性进行配置,基本的配置信息如下:
spring.http.multipart.enabled=true
#默认支持文件上传.
spring.http.multipart.file-size-threshold=0
#支持文件写入磁盘.
spring.http.multipart.location=
# 上传文件的临时目录
spring.http.multipart.max-file-size=1Mb
# 最大支持文件大小
spring.http.multipart.max-request-size=10Mb
# 最大支持请求大小
最常用的是最后两个配置内容,限制文件上传大小,上传时超过大小会抛出异常。
更多配置信息参考这里:
https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/htmlsingle/#common-application-properties
package com.example.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartException;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.RedirectAttributes;
/**
* 全局异常处理
*/
@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
//https://jira.spring.io/browse/SPR-14651
//4.3.5 supports RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes
@ExceptionHandler(MultipartException.class)
public String handleError1(MultipartException e, RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes) {
redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("message", e.getCause().getMessage());
return "redirect:/uploadStatus";
}
}
设置一个@ControllerAdvice
用来监控Multipart
上传的文件大小是否受限,当出现此异常时在前端页面给出提
示。利用@ControllerAdvice
可以做很多东西,比如全局的统一异常处理等。
这样一个使用 Spring Boot 上传文件的简单 Demo 就完成了。