英语--非谓语动词

定义

不是谓语定义的其他动词形式

多动词情况

1.使用并列连词“and/but/or/so”等构成并列句

He went up to the door,opened it and entered.

?2.使用从属连词/连接代词/连接副词构成主从复合句

I wonder what I can do in the following days

?3.将出去谓语的其他动词变成非谓语

Tom decides to study hard from now on.

?形式

	时态和语态		否定词
不定式	to do	to be done	在非谓语前加not
	to have done	to have been done
	to be doing
现在分词	doing	being done
	having done	having been done
动名词	doing
过去分词	done

?to do

	主动	被动	否定形式
一般式	to do	to be done	在其前面加not
进行式	to be doing	/
完成式	to have done	to have been done

一般式

在句中可作主语，宾语，宾补，表语，定语，状语等成分。

To make friends with you is very nice.?? 作主语

I want to buy a book.????????????????????????????? 作宾语

My dream is to study abroad.???????????????? 作表语

作主语

1.句首，直接放在谓语动词之前

To see is? to believe.

Not to get get there in time is your fault.

= It is your fault not to get there in tim.

?2.It做形式主语,to do 后置

句型1：It takes/took sb.+ some tiime + to do sth

It takes us an hour to get there by bus.

It took me 15 minutes to work it out

?句型2：It is + n. + to do sth

It`s our duty to help the door.

句型3：It is + adj. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth.

???????????? It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. (形容事)

???????????? It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth. (形容人)

It`s hard for us to believe in a stranger.

It is very kind of you to help me.

?作宾语

1.v.+to do sth.

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want/would like 想要 ? ? ? ?? hope/wish 希望??????? expect 期待

plan 计划??? agree 同意????? offer 提供???? promise? 承诺

refuse 拒绝??? fail 失败????? manage 设法????? pretend 假装

decide 决定 /make up one`s mind 下定决心?? intend 打算

afford 负担的起??? can`t wait to 迫不及待?? happen 碰巧

be used to 被用来?? used to do 过去常常做...

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He plans to travel around the would one day.

He promise to keep the secret.

?2.It做形式宾语，to do 后置

句型：make/find/think/feel/consider it + adj./n. + to do sth

I think it my duty to protect the envirnment

?作宾补

v.+sb.+to do sth.

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?want/would like 想要???? expect 期待??? ask 要求

?tell 告诉?? teach 教?? persuade? 劝说? encourage 鼓励

invite 邀请??? advise 建议?? allow 允许??? remind 提醒??? force 强。。。

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作定语

1.the only/last/next/序数词/adj.最高级 + n. + to do sth

The best way to get there us taking a bus

Smith is always the first man to arrive at the office and? the last man to leave

?2.v.(have/find...) + n. + to do.

I have so mush work to do.

作状语

1.only to do sth./only to be done "结果却..."

He got to the station only to find the train had gone.

2.to do sth. 做目的状语 “为了...”

To get into a top university,she works hard.

I`m saving up to buy a computer

3.疑问词+to do

what/which/who/how/when/why/where+ to do

whether+to do

When to start has not been decided.

The question is how to carry out the plan.

总结

to do用法	成分
It takes/took sb. + some time + to do sth. It is + n. + to do sth. It is +adj.+ (for/of sb.) + to do sth.	形式宾语
v. + to do sth.	宾语
make/find/think/feel/consider it + adj./n. + to do sth.	形式宾语
v. + sb. + to do sth.	宾补
the only/last/next/序数词/adj.最高级 + n. + to do sth. v.(have/find...) +n.+ to do.	定语
only to do/to be done	状语
疑问词 + to do	主/宾/表
"为了..."	状语

?特殊形式

do(省略to的不定式)

1.一感二听三使四看，半帮助

感官动词：feel sb.do

????????????????? hear/listen to sb. do

????????????????? see/watch/noice/look at/observe sb. do

????????????????? hear/see/watch/notice sb. doing 听到/看到某人

帮助：help sb.(to) do

使役动词：make/let/have sb.do. 让某人做某事

I often hear him sing the song.

He made everybody laugh.

She helped her mother wash clothes

?2.被动还原to

sb be seen/noticed/observed/heard to do 某人被...

sb be let/made to do .??????????????????????????????? 某人被让...

I often hear him sing the song.

---> He is often heard to ding the song (by me)

He made us laugh.

---> We were made to laugh (by him)

3.有do无to，无do加to

but前有do/does/did,后省to

but前无do/does/did,后加to

have nothing to do but do
have no choice but to do.

4.其他固定搭配

had better (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事

would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A不愿B

would do A rather than do B

总结

do用法
feel sb. do hear/listen to sb. do see/watch/notice/look at sb. do	feel sb. doing hear/listen to sb. doing see/watch/notice/look at sb. doing
make/let/have sb. do	被动还原to： be seen/noticed/heard to do sb be let/made to do
help sb. (to) do	/
有do无to，无do加to： do nothing but do	/
had better (not) do	/
would rather do than do would do rather than do	/

进行式

to be doing

与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行

The seem to be getting along quite well. 他们似乎相处得很好

完成式

to have done

非谓语动作发生在谓语动词之前

The expedition is said to have reached the South Pole. 据说探险队已到达南极

被动式

to be done

非谓语动作和逻辑主语之间是被动关系

The building to be built there is our lab.? 那边要建的那栋楼是我们的实验室。

完成被动式

to have been done

非谓语动作发生在谓语动词之前

非谓语动作和逻辑主语之间是被动关系

The temple is said to have been built in the Ming Dynas. 据说这座寺庙建于明朝

做题步骤

1.判考点：看选项和题干，判定考点为谓语？非谓语？

2.考非谓语，找固搭。

3.若无固搭，判主被动

??? 逻辑主语和非谓语是被动关系，选被动

4.判完成：

?? 非谓语动作在谓语动作之前，选完成

5.表目的/将来用to do,表进行用doing

doing

一般式

1.现在分词/动名词的构成：动词 + ing(doing)

??????????????????????????????????????????? 否定形式：not doing

2.用法：在句中做主语，表语，定语，宾语（动/介宾），状语等

?作主语

1.动名词放句首作主语

Believing in yourself is the secret of success.

?动名词与不定式作句子的主语的区别：

doing作主语 常表示一般的或习惯性的动作

to do作主语 常表示具体的，一次性或将来的动作

Playing with fire is dangerous.(事实)

To play with fire will be dangerous.(具体动作)

?2.It作形式主语，常用与句式：

It is no use (no good,no help,fun,a waste of time,a good/great pleasure) + doing

It is no use worrying about the coming exam.

It is no good learning without practice.

It is a waste of time persuading her to give up.

作表语

My job is teaching.

作宾语

I like watching movies.

He is fond of reading.

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常见的固定搭配：

admit 承认???? allow/premit 允许??? appreciate 欣赏???? avoid 避免

consider 考虑? delay 推迟?? deny 否认? imagine 想象

mind 介意???? suggest 建议? practise 练习??? prevent 阻止

resist 抵制?? risk? 冒险????? can`t help 禁不住?? enjoy,keep,finish

be busy 忙于? spend st./sm.(in) doing 花费时间/金钱作某事

They are considering asking their boss for a higher salary.

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常见的固定搭配:

look forward to? 期望?????? devote to 致力于????? stick to 坚持

thanks to 多亏???????????????? thank you for 因...感谢你

get down to 开始???????????? keep on 坚持??????????? feel like 想要

be used to/be accustomed to 习惯于

have difficulty/trouble/problem (in)?? 有困难......

介词后动词用doing

I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

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有些动词后即可用to do有可用doing作宾语，但意义不同：

forget/remember to do sth. 忘记/记得要去做某事

forget/remember doing sth.忘记/记得已做过某事

regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事

regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事

to do 表将来?? doing 表进行，完成

stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事

stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事

go on to do sth. 做完一件事后继续去做另一件事

go on doing sth.继续做一直在做的事

mean to do sth. 打算去做某事

mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

I meant to come to see you yesterday,but something happened to me.

Missing this train mens waiting for another hour.

The two girls stopped talking when they saw me.

The two girls stopped to talk to me when they saw me.

sth.need/require/want/deserve/be worth + doing 某事需要/想要/值得被做

= sth.need/require/want/deserve/be worth + doing + to be done

My watch need repairing. =My watch needs to be repaired

The flower needs watering.

作状语

可以表时间，原因，结果，条件，方式，伴随等

The fire lasted a whole night,causing great damage.

大火持续了一整夜，结果造成了巨大损失

?完成式

having done

动作发生在谓语动词之前

I`m sorry for not having kept my promise.

?被动式

being done

非谓语动作和逻辑主语之间是被动关系

The questions being discussed are of great importance.

?完成被动式

having been done

非谓语动作发生在谓语动词之前

Having been trapped in traffic,he was late for work

做题步骤

1.判考点：看选项和题干，判定考点为谓语？非谓语？

2.考非谓语，找固搭。

3.若无固搭，判主被动

??? 逻辑主语和非谓语是被动关系，选被动

4.判完成：

?? 非谓语动作在谓语动作之前，选完成

5.表目的/将来用to do,表进行用doing

done

1.过去分词的构成：动词+ed(done)。不规则动词则单独记忆

2.用法：类似形容词或副词，在句中作表语，定语，状语和宾补等。

（1）与逻辑主语之间是被动关系

（2）表完成

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作宾语补足语

have/make/keep/get sth.done? 让某事被做

notice/see/watch/hear sb./sth. done 看/听到某人/某物

make oneself done 让某人自己被...

I had my computer repaired yesterday afternoon.

She saw the thief caught by a policeman.

He speaks alound to make himself heard.

作表语/定语

形容词的性质

The windows is broken.

The stolen car was found by the police last week.

被偷的那辆车上周被警察找到了。

?注意：有些动词的过去分词-ed修饰人，-ing修饰物

感到	令人感到...
surprised	surprising
excited	exciting
bored	boring
interested	interesting
disappointed	disappointing
tried	tiring

Everyone was excited when they heard the exciting news.

?作状语

表示时间，原因，方式，条件，让步，伴随等，可置于句首，句中和句尾

Asked what had happened,he told us about it

做题步骤

1.判考点：看选项和题干，判定考点为谓语？非谓语？

2.考非谓语，找固搭。

3.若无固搭，判主被动

??? 逻辑主语和非谓语是被动关系，选被动

4.判完成：

?? 非谓语动作在谓语动作之前，选完成

5.表目的/将来用to do,表进行用doing

独立主格

特点

不是句子，没有真正的主语和谓语，但是存在逻辑主谓关系

所作成分

在句子中作状语，表示时间，条件，原因，伴随等。

区别

非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是主句主语

Walking on the street,I met him.

独立主格有自己的独立主语

The work done, I went home.

?类型

1.名/代+现在分词

Winter coming,it gets colder and colder.

?2.名/代+过去分词

Many problems solved,she look tired.

? 3.名/代+不定式

He suggests going for a picnic,Mary to bring some food.

4.with/without +? 名/代+现在分词/过去分词/不定式

Without anyone knowing the reason,the girl suddenly left.

?5.There/It being...

It being a holiday today,some people go out for a walk.

做题步骤

1.判考点：看选项和题干，判定考点为谓语？非谓语？

2.考非谓语，找固搭。

3.若无固搭，判主被动

??? 逻辑主语和非谓语是被动关系，选被动

4.判完成：

?? 非谓语动作在谓语动作之前，选完成

5.表目的/将来用to do,表进行用doing