Pytorch从零开始实战16

Pytorch从零开始实战——ResNeXt-50算法的思考

本系列来源于365天深度学习训练营

原作者K同学

对于上次ResNeXt-50算法，我们同样有基于TensorFlow的实现。具体代码如下。

引入头文件

import numpy as np
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
from tensorflow.keras.utils import to_categorical
from tensorflow.keras.models import Sequential
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Input, Dense, Dropout, Conv2D, MaxPool2D, Flatten, GlobalAvgPool2D, concatenate, \
BatchNormalization, Activation, Add, ZeroPadding2D, Lambda
from tensorflow.keras.layers import ReLU
from tensorflow.keras.optimizers import Adam
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from tensorflow.keras.callbacks import LearningRateScheduler
from tensorflow.keras.models import Model

分组卷积模块

# 定义分组卷积
def grouped_convolution_block(init_x, strides, groups, g_channels):
    group_list = []
    # 分组进行卷积
    for c in range(groups):
        # 分组取出数据
        x = Lambda(lambda x: x[:, :, :, c * g_channels:(c + 1) * g_channels])(init_x)
        # 分组进行卷积
        x = Conv2D(filters=g_channels, kernel_size=(3, 3),strides=strides, padding='same', use_bias=False)(x)
        # 存入list
        group_list.append(x)
    # 合并list中的数据
    group_merage = concatenate(group_list, axis=3)
    x = BatchNormalization(epsilon=1.001e-5)(group_merage)
    x = ReLU()(x)
    return x

残差单元

# 定义残差单元
def block(x, filters, strides=1, groups=32, conv_shortcut=True):

    if conv_shortcut:
        shortcut = Conv2D(filters * 2, kernel_size=(1, 1), strides=strides, padding='same', use_bias=False)(x)
        # epsilon为BN公式中防止分母为零的值
        shortcut = BatchNormalization(epsilon=1.001e-5)(shortcut)
    else:
        # identity_shortcut
        shortcut = x
        
    # 三层卷积层
    x = Conv2D(filters=filters, kernel_size=(1, 1), strides=1, padding='same', use_bias=False)(x)
    x = BatchNormalization(epsilon=1.001e-5)(x)
    x = ReLU()(x)
    # 计算每组的通道数
    g_channels = int(filters / groups)
    # 进行分组卷积
    x = grouped_convolution_block(x, strides, groups, g_channels)

    x = Conv2D(filters=filters * 2, kernel_size=(1, 1), strides=1, padding='same', use_bias=False)(x)
    x = BatchNormalization(epsilon=1.001e-5)(x)
    x = Add()([x, shortcut])
    x = ReLU()(x)
    return x

堆叠残差单元

# 堆叠残差单元
def stack(x, filters, blocks, strides, groups=32):
    # 每个stack的第一个block的残差连接都需要使用1*1卷积升维
    x = block(x, filters, strides=strides, groups=groups)
    for i in range(blocks):
        x = block(x, filters, groups=groups, conv_shortcut=False)
    return x

网络搭建

# 定义ResNext50(32*4d)网络
def ResNext50(input_shape, num_classes):
    inputs = Input(shape=input_shape)
    # 填充3圈0，[224,224,3]->[230,230,3]
    x = ZeroPadding2D((3, 3))(inputs)
    x = Conv2D(filters=64, kernel_size=(7, 7), strides=2, padding='valid')(x)
    x = BatchNormalization(epsilon=1.001e-5)(x)
    x = ReLU()(x)
    # 填充1圈0
    x = ZeroPadding2D((1, 1))(x)
    x = MaxPool2D(pool_size=(3, 3), strides=2, padding='valid')(x)
    # 堆叠残差结构
    x = stack(x, filters=128, blocks=2, strides=1)
    x = stack(x, filters=256, blocks=3, strides=2)
    x = stack(x, filters=512, blocks=5, strides=2)
    x = stack(x, filters=1024, blocks=2, strides=2)
    # 根据特征图大小进行全局平均池化
    x = GlobalAvgPool2D()(x)
    x = Dense(num_classes, activation='softmax')(x)
    # 定义模型
    model = Model(inputs=inputs, outputs=x)
    return model

对于残差单元中的代码，提出一个问题：当conv_shortcut=False的时候，在执行Add操作时，理论上通道数不一致，为什么代码不报错？

答：这主要是跟下面堆叠残差单元的代码有关系，每个stack第一轮总会令conv_shortcut为True，使得x通道数进行扩展，而后面循环的时候传入的filters还是这个函数的实参，没有发生变化，但由于conv_shortcut为False，此时shortcut的通道数是与上面的x一致，所以在Add的时候，代码不会报错。

def stack(x, filters, blocks, strides, groups=32):
    # 每个stack的第一个block的残差连接都需要使用1*1卷积升维
    x = block(x, filters, strides=strides, groups=groups)
    for i in range(blocks):
        x = block(x, filters, groups=groups, conv_shortcut=False)
    return x

本文只是对ResNeXt-50算法的部分代码进行思考，学习过程中需要积极思考与探索，以提高能力和解决问题。