关于爬虫爬取网页时遇到的乱码问题的解决方案。

前言

最近，我像爬取一下三国演义这本书籍的全部内容。
网站的网址为：https://www.shicimingju.com/book/sanguoyanyi.html
但是我爬取出来的结果是这样的

会遇到乱码。
经过我多方面的调试发现，就是网页的编码和我pycharm的编码不一致导致的。

网页的编码是ISO-8859-1，而pycharm的编码是‘utf-8’

解决措施

    # encode编码，将ISO-8859-1编成unicode
    page_text = page_text.encode('ISO-8859-1')

    # decode解码,将unicode解码成utf-8
    page_text = page_text.decode('utf-8')

通过重新编码和解码来达到网页和编译器的编码一致。
修改前的代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time        : 2024/1/24 20:16
# @File        : 04. bs4案例.py
# @Description : None
# ----------------------------------------------
# ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ 
# >>> Author    : Kinght_123
# >>> Mail      : 1304662247@qq.com
# >>> Blog      : tim1304662247.blog.csdn.net
# ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 对首页的页面进行数据爬取
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
    }
    url = 'https://www.shicimingju.com/book/sanguoyanyi.html'
    page_text = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers).text
    # 在首页中解析出章节的标题和详情页的url
    # 1. 实例化BeautifulSoup对象
    soup = BeautifulSoup(page_text, 'lxml')
    # 解析章节的标题和详情页的url
    li_list = soup.select('.book-mulu > ul > li')

    fp = open('./sanguo.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
    print(li_list)
    for li in li_list:
        title = li.a.string
        detail_url = 'https://www.shicimingju.com' + li.a['href']
        # 对详情页发起请求，解析出内容
        detail_page_text = requests.get(url=detail_url, headers=headers).text
        detail_soup = BeautifulSoup(detail_page_text, 'lxml')
        div_tag = detail_soup.find('div', class_='chapter_content')
        # 解析到了章节的内容
        content = div_tag.text
        fp.write(title + ':' + content + '\n')
        print(title, '爬取成功！！！')

修改后的代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time        : 2024/1/24 20:16
# @File        : 04. bs4案例.py
# @Description : None
# ----------------------------------------------
# ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ 
# >>> Author    : Kinght_123
# >>> Mail      : 1304662247@qq.com
# >>> Blog      : tim1304662247.blog.csdn.net
# ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 对首页的页面进行数据爬取
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
    }
    url = 'https://www.shicimingju.com/book/sanguoyanyi.html'
    page_text = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers).text
    # encode编码，将ISO-8859-1编成unicode
    page_text = page_text.encode('ISO-8859-1')

    # decode解码,将unicode解码成utf-8
    page_text = page_text.decode('utf-8')
    # 在首页中解析出章节的标题和详情页的url
    # 1. 实例化BeautifulSoup对象
    soup = BeautifulSoup(page_text, 'lxml')
    # 解析章节的标题和详情页的url
    li_list = soup.select('.book-mulu > ul > li')
    fp = open('./sanguo.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')

    for li in li_list:
        title = li.a.string
        detail_url = 'https://www.shicimingju.com' + li.a['href']
        # 对详情页发起请求，解析出内容
        detail_page_text = requests.get(url=detail_url, headers=headers).text
        detail_soup = BeautifulSoup(detail_page_text, 'lxml')
        div_tag = detail_soup.find('div', class_='chapter_content')
        # 解析到了章节的内容
        content = div_tag.text
        fp.write(title + ':' + content + '\n')
        print(title, '爬取成功！！！')

最终显示的结果是这样的：