【深度学习】Anaconda3 + PyCharm 的环境配置 5：手把手带你运行 predict.py 文件，史上最全的问题解决记录

前言

文章性质：实操记录 💻

主要内容：主要记录了运行 predict.py 文件时遇到的错误以及相应的解决方案。

项目源码：GitHub - SZU-AdvTech-2022/213-Rethinking-Image-Restoration-for-Object-Detection

相关文档：睿智的目标检测 26 ：Pytorch 搭建 yolo3 目标检测平台

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目录

前言

Q1：ImportError: cannot import name 'YOLO' from 'yolo'

Q2：OMP: Error #15: Initializing libiomp5md.dll, but...

Q3：FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory...

Q4：No module named 'onnx'

附：yolo.py

Q1：ImportError: cannot import name 'YOLO' from 'yolo'

【遇到错误】ImportError: cannot import name 'YOLO' from 'yolo'

【错误原因】源代码链接中未提供项目根目录下应有的 yolo.py 文件！

【解决方法】我从?Bubbliiiing 的 GitHub 项目中拿来了 yolo.py 文件~我把代码放在了文章的最后！?

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Q2：OMP: Error #15: Initializing libiomp5md.dll, but...

【遇到错误】OMP: Error #15: Initializing libiomp5md.dll, but found libiomp5md.dll already initialized.

【错误原因】初始化 libiomp5md.dll 文件时，发现 libiomp5md.dll 文件已经初始化。

【解决方法】在代码的合适位置处添加：

import os
os.environ["KMP_DUPLICATE_LIB_OK"] = "TRUE"

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Q3：FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory...

【遇到错误】FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory:'endToEndCode/origin_detection009135.jpg'

【错误原因】路径拼接错误，应该是 origin_detection 文件夹下的 009135.jpg 文件，且找不到 endToEndCode/origin_detection 路径。

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【解决方法】在项目的根目录下新建 endToEndCode 子目录，再在该目录下新建?origin_detection 文件夹。同时修改路径拼接语句，注意还需要注释掉部分内容，具体操作参考下面的截图。

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【说明】如果上图中的 plt.clf () 没有注释掉，运行 predict.py 文件会弹出两个 Figure ，且 Figure1 空白，如下图所示：

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Q4：No module named 'onnx'

【遇到错误】No module named 'onnx'

【解决方法】在 Terminal 终端执行?pip install onnx?命令，注意在指定的虚拟环境中执行！可用 activate 环境名 激活指定的虚拟环境。

pip install onnx

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【说明】也可以如上图所示，直接在错误提示处 Install package onnx ~

附：yolo.py

import colorsys
import os
import time

import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from PIL import ImageDraw, ImageFont

from nets.yolo import YoloBody
from utils.utils import (cvtColor, get_anchors, get_classes, preprocess_input,
                         resize_image, show_config)
from utils.utils_bbox import DecodeBox

'''
训练自己的数据集必看注释！
'''


class YOLO(object):
    _defaults = {
        # --------------------------------------------------------------------------#
        #   使用自己训练好的模型进行预测一定要修改model_path和classes_path！
        #   model_path指向logs文件夹下的权值文件，classes_path指向model_data下的txt
        #
        #   训练好后logs文件夹下存在多个权值文件，选择验证集损失较低的即可。
        #   验证集损失较低不代表mAP较高，仅代表该权值在验证集上泛化性能较好。
        #   如果出现shape不匹配，同时要注意训练时的model_path和classes_path参数的修改
        # --------------------------------------------------------------------------#
        "model_path": 'model_data/yolo_weights.pth',
        "classes_path": 'model_data/coco_classes.txt',
        # ---------------------------------------------------------------------#
        #   anchors_path代表先验框对应的txt文件，一般不修改。
        #   anchors_mask用于帮助代码找到对应的先验框，一般不修改。
        # ---------------------------------------------------------------------#
        "anchors_path": 'model_data/yolo_anchors.txt',
        "anchors_mask": [[6, 7, 8], [3, 4, 5], [0, 1, 2]],
        # ---------------------------------------------------------------------#
        #   输入图片的大小，必须为32的倍数。
        # ---------------------------------------------------------------------#
        "input_shape": [416, 416],
        # ---------------------------------------------------------------------#
        #   只有得分大于置信度的预测框会被保留下来
        # ---------------------------------------------------------------------#
        "confidence": 0.5,
        # ---------------------------------------------------------------------#
        #   非极大抑制所用到的nms_iou大小
        # ---------------------------------------------------------------------#
        "nms_iou": 0.3,
        # ---------------------------------------------------------------------#
        #   该变量用于控制是否使用letterbox_image对输入图像进行不失真的resize，
        #   在多次测试后，发现关闭letterbox_image直接resize的效果更好
        # ---------------------------------------------------------------------#
        "letterbox_image": False,
        # -------------------------------#
        #   是否使用Cuda
        #   没有GPU可以设置成False
        # -------------------------------#
        "cuda": True,
    }

    @classmethod
    def get_defaults(cls, n):
        if n in cls._defaults:
            return cls._defaults[n]
        else:
            return "Unrecognized attribute name '" + n + "'"

    # ---------------------------------------------------#
    #   初始化YOLO
    # ---------------------------------------------------#
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        self.__dict__.update(self._defaults)
        for name, value in kwargs.items():
            setattr(self, name, value)
            self._defaults[name] = value

            # ---------------------------------------------------#
        #   获得种类和先验框的数量
        # ---------------------------------------------------#
        self.class_names, self.num_classes = get_classes(self.classes_path)
        self.anchors, self.num_anchors = get_anchors(self.anchors_path)
        self.bbox_util = DecodeBox(self.anchors, self.num_classes, (self.input_shape[0], self.input_shape[1]),
                                   self.anchors_mask)

        # ---------------------------------------------------#
        #   画框设置不同的颜色
        # ---------------------------------------------------#
        hsv_tuples = [(x / self.num_classes, 1., 1.) for x in range(self.num_classes)]
        self.colors = list(map(lambda x: colorsys.hsv_to_rgb(*x), hsv_tuples))
        self.colors = list(map(lambda x: (int(x[0] * 255), int(x[1] * 255), int(x[2] * 255)), self.colors))
        self.generate()

        show_config(**self._defaults)

    # ---------------------------------------------------#
    #   生成模型
    # ---------------------------------------------------#
    def generate(self, onnx=False):
        # ---------------------------------------------------#
        #   建立yolov3模型，载入yolov3模型的权重
        # ---------------------------------------------------#
        self.net = YoloBody(self.anchors_mask, self.num_classes)
        device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
        self.net.load_state_dict(torch.load(self.model_path, map_location=device))
        self.net = self.net.eval()
        print('{} model, anchors, and classes loaded.'.format(self.model_path))
        if not onnx:
            if self.cuda:
                self.net = nn.DataParallel(self.net)
                self.net = self.net.cuda()

    # ---------------------------------------------------#
    #   检测图片
    # ---------------------------------------------------#
    def detect_image(self, image, crop=False, count=False):
        image_shape = np.array(np.shape(image)[0:2])
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        #   在这里将图像转换成RGB图像，防止灰度图在预测时报错。
        #   代码仅仅支持RGB图像的预测，所有其它类型的图像都会转化成RGB
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        image = cvtColor(image)
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        #   给图像增加灰条，实现不失真的resize
        #   也可以直接resize进行识别
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        image_data = resize_image(image, (self.input_shape[1], self.input_shape[0]), self.letterbox_image)
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        #   添加上batch_size维度
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        image_data = np.expand_dims(np.transpose(preprocess_input(np.array(image_data, dtype='float32')), (2, 0, 1)), 0)

        with torch.no_grad():
            images = torch.from_numpy(image_data)
            if self.cuda:
                images = images.cuda()
            # ---------------------------------------------------------#
            #   将图像输入网络当中进行预测！
            # ---------------------------------------------------------#
            outputs = self.net(images)
            outputs = self.bbox_util.decode_box(outputs)
            # ---------------------------------------------------------#
            #   将预测框进行堆叠，然后进行非极大抑制
            # ---------------------------------------------------------#
            results = self.bbox_util.non_max_suppression(torch.cat(outputs, 1), self.num_classes, self.input_shape,
                                                         image_shape, self.letterbox_image, conf_thres=self.confidence,
                                                         nms_thres=self.nms_iou)

            if results[0] is None:
                return image

            top_label = np.array(results[0][:, 6], dtype='int32')
            top_conf = results[0][:, 4] * results[0][:, 5]
            top_boxes = results[0][:, :4]
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        #   设置字体与边框厚度
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        font = ImageFont.truetype(font='model_data/simhei.ttf',
                                  size=np.floor(3e-2 * image.size[1] + 0.5).astype('int32'))
        thickness = int(max((image.size[0] + image.size[1]) // np.mean(self.input_shape), 1))
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        #   计数
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        if count:
            print("top_label:", top_label)
            classes_nums = np.zeros([self.num_classes])
            for i in range(self.num_classes):
                num = np.sum(top_label == i)
                if num > 0:
                    print(self.class_names[i], " : ", num)
                classes_nums[i] = num
            print("classes_nums:", classes_nums)
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        #   是否进行目标的裁剪
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        if crop:
            for i, c in list(enumerate(top_label)):
                top, left, bottom, right = top_boxes[i]
                top = max(0, np.floor(top).astype('int32'))
                left = max(0, np.floor(left).astype('int32'))
                bottom = min(image.size[1], np.floor(bottom).astype('int32'))
                right = min(image.size[0], np.floor(right).astype('int32'))

                dir_save_path = "img_crop"
                if not os.path.exists(dir_save_path):
                    os.makedirs(dir_save_path)
                crop_image = image.crop([left, top, right, bottom])
                crop_image.save(os.path.join(dir_save_path, "crop_" + str(i) + ".png"), quality=95, subsampling=0)
                print("save crop_" + str(i) + ".png to " + dir_save_path)
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        #   图像绘制
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        for i, c in list(enumerate(top_label)):
            predicted_class = self.class_names[int(c)]
            box = top_boxes[i]
            score = top_conf[i]

            top, left, bottom, right = box

            top = max(0, np.floor(top).astype('int32'))
            left = max(0, np.floor(left).astype('int32'))
            bottom = min(image.size[1], np.floor(bottom).astype('int32'))
            right = min(image.size[0], np.floor(right).astype('int32'))

            label = '{} {:.2f}'.format(predicted_class, score)
            draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
            label_size = draw.textsize(label, font)
            label = label.encode('utf-8')
            print(label, top, left, bottom, right)

            if top - label_size[1] >= 0:
                text_origin = np.array([left, top - label_size[1]])
            else:
                text_origin = np.array([left, top + 1])

            for i in range(thickness):
                draw.rectangle([left + i, top + i, right - i, bottom - i], outline=self.colors[c])
            draw.rectangle([tuple(text_origin), tuple(text_origin + label_size)], fill=self.colors[c])
            draw.text(text_origin, str(label, 'UTF-8'), fill=(0, 0, 0), font=font)
            del draw

        return image

    def get_FPS(self, image, test_interval):
        image_shape = np.array(np.shape(image)[0:2])
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        #   在这里将图像转换成RGB图像，防止灰度图在预测时报错。
        #   代码仅仅支持RGB图像的预测，所有其它类型的图像都会转化成RGB
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        image = cvtColor(image)
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        #   给图像增加灰条，实现不失真的resize
        #   也可以直接resize进行识别
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        image_data = resize_image(image, (self.input_shape[1], self.input_shape[0]), self.letterbox_image)
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        #   添加上batch_size维度
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        image_data = np.expand_dims(np.transpose(preprocess_input(np.array(image_data, dtype='float32')), (2, 0, 1)), 0)

        with torch.no_grad():
            images = torch.from_numpy(image_data)
            if self.cuda:
                images = images.cuda()
            # ---------------------------------------------------------#
            #   将图像输入网络当中进行预测！
            # ---------------------------------------------------------#
            outputs = self.net(images)
            outputs = self.bbox_util.decode_box(outputs)
            # ---------------------------------------------------------#
            #   将预测框进行堆叠，然后进行非极大抑制
            # ---------------------------------------------------------#
            results = self.bbox_util.non_max_suppression(torch.cat(outputs, 1), self.num_classes, self.input_shape,
                                                         image_shape, self.letterbox_image, conf_thres=self.confidence,
                                                         nms_thres=self.nms_iou)

        t1 = time.time()
        for _ in range(test_interval):
            with torch.no_grad():
                # ---------------------------------------------------------#
                #   将图像输入网络当中进行预测！
                # ---------------------------------------------------------#
                outputs = self.net(images)
                outputs = self.bbox_util.decode_box(outputs)
                # ---------------------------------------------------------#
                #   将预测框进行堆叠，然后进行非极大抑制
                # ---------------------------------------------------------#
                results = self.bbox_util.non_max_suppression(torch.cat(outputs, 1), self.num_classes, self.input_shape,
                                                             image_shape, self.letterbox_image,
                                                             conf_thres=self.confidence, nms_thres=self.nms_iou)

        t2 = time.time()
        tact_time = (t2 - t1) / test_interval
        return tact_time

    def detect_heatmap(self, image, heatmap_save_path):
        import cv2
        import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
        def sigmoid(x):
            y = 1.0 / (1.0 + np.exp(-x))
            return y

        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        #   在这里将图像转换成RGB图像，防止灰度图在预测时报错。
        #   代码仅仅支持RGB图像的预测，所有其它类型的图像都会转化成RGB
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        image = cvtColor(image)
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        #   给图像增加灰条，实现不失真的resize
        #   也可以直接resize进行识别
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        image_data = resize_image(image, (self.input_shape[1], self.input_shape[0]), self.letterbox_image)
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        #   添加上batch_size维度
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        image_data = np.expand_dims(np.transpose(preprocess_input(np.array(image_data, dtype='float32')), (2, 0, 1)), 0)

        with torch.no_grad():
            images = torch.from_numpy(image_data)
            if self.cuda:
                images = images.cuda()
            # ---------------------------------------------------------#
            #   将图像输入网络当中进行预测！
            # ---------------------------------------------------------#
            outputs = self.net(images)

        plt.imshow(image, alpha=1)
        plt.axis('off')
        mask = np.zeros((image.size[1], image.size[0]))
        for sub_output in outputs:
            sub_output = sub_output.cpu().numpy()
            b, c, h, w = np.shape(sub_output)
            sub_output = np.transpose(np.reshape(sub_output, [b, 3, -1, h, w]), [0, 3, 4, 1, 2])[0]
            score = np.max(sigmoid(sub_output[..., 4]), -1)
            score = cv2.resize(score, (image.size[0], image.size[1]))
            normed_score = (score * 255).astype('uint8')
            mask = np.maximum(mask, normed_score)

        plt.imshow(mask, alpha=0.5, interpolation='nearest', cmap="jet")

        plt.axis('off')
        plt.subplots_adjust(top=1, bottom=0, right=1, left=0, hspace=0, wspace=0)
        plt.margins(0, 0)
        plt.savefig(heatmap_save_path, dpi=200, bbox_inches='tight', pad_inches=-0.1)
        print("Save to the " + heatmap_save_path)
        plt.show()

    def convert_to_onnx(self, simplify, model_path):
        import onnx
        self.generate(onnx=True)

        im = torch.zeros(1, 3, *self.input_shape).to('cpu')  # image size(1, 3, 512, 512) BCHW
        input_layer_names = ["images"]
        output_layer_names = ["output"]

        # Export the model
        print(f'Starting export with onnx {onnx.__version__}.')
        torch.onnx.export(self.net,
                          im,
                          f=model_path,
                          verbose=False,
                          opset_version=12,
                          training=torch.onnx.TrainingMode.EVAL,
                          do_constant_folding=True,
                          input_names=input_layer_names,
                          output_names=output_layer_names,
                          dynamic_axes=None)

        # Checks
        model_onnx = onnx.load(model_path)  # load onnx model
        onnx.checker.check_model(model_onnx)  # check onnx model

        # Simplify onnx
        if simplify:
            import onnxsim
            print(f'Simplifying with onnx-simplifier {onnxsim.__version__}.')
            model_onnx, check = onnxsim.simplify(
                model_onnx,
                dynamic_input_shape=False,
                input_shapes=None)
            assert check, 'assert check failed'
            onnx.save(model_onnx, model_path)

        print('Onnx model save as {}'.format(model_path))

    def get_map_txt(self, image_id, image, class_names, map_out_path):
        f = open(os.path.join(map_out_path, "detection-results/" + image_id + ".txt"), "w")
        image_shape = np.array(np.shape(image)[0:2])
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        #   在这里将图像转换成RGB图像，防止灰度图在预测时报错。
        #   代码仅仅支持RGB图像的预测，所有其它类型的图像都会转化成RGB
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        image = cvtColor(image)
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        #   给图像增加灰条，实现不失真的resize
        #   也可以直接resize进行识别
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        image_data = resize_image(image, (self.input_shape[1], self.input_shape[0]), self.letterbox_image)
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        #   添加上batch_size维度
        # ---------------------------------------------------------#
        image_data = np.expand_dims(np.transpose(preprocess_input(np.array(image_data, dtype='float32')), (2, 0, 1)), 0)

        with torch.no_grad():
            images = torch.from_numpy(image_data)
            if self.cuda:
                images = images.cuda()
            # ---------------------------------------------------------#
            #   将图像输入网络当中进行预测！
            # ---------------------------------------------------------#
            outputs = self.net(images)
            outputs = self.bbox_util.decode_box(outputs)
            # ---------------------------------------------------------#
            #   将预测框进行堆叠，然后进行非极大抑制
            # ---------------------------------------------------------#
            results = self.bbox_util.non_max_suppression(torch.cat(outputs, 1), self.num_classes, self.input_shape,
                                                         image_shape, self.letterbox_image, conf_thres=self.confidence, nms_thres=self.nms_iou)

            if results[0] is None:
                return

            top_label = np.array(results[0][:, 6], dtype='int32')
            top_conf = results[0][:, 4] * results[0][:, 5]
            top_boxes = results[0][:, :4]

        for i, c in list(enumerate(top_label)):
            predicted_class = self.class_names[int(c)]
            box = top_boxes[i]
            score = str(top_conf[i])

            top, left, bottom, right = box
            if predicted_class not in class_names:
                continue

            f.write("%s %s %s %s %s %s\n" % (predicted_class, score[:6], str(int(left)), str(int(top)), str(int(right)), str(int(bottom))))

        f.close()
        return