?????? 深知CSDN面向的是软件分享平台,但由于自己平时只在这个平台记录心得。因此,这篇与编程无关的内容分享到这里。
???????? 侄子今年初二,最近跟他视频,听闻其成绩在班里垫底,心里久久不能释怀。总想着自己应该做点什么。于是在网上搜罗一圈,汇总了他目前这个阶段英语语法。根据我个人学习英语的经历,死记语法效果往往有限,于是我就每个语法尽可能多的写一些例句,我计划让他熟悉背诵这些句子,通过这些句子培养语感。希望对他能有帮助。同时也希望能帮到那些孩子正处于相同年龄段的家长朋友。
编号 | 组成部分 | 含义 | 举例 |
1 | 主语 | 句子所陈述的对象 | |
2 | 谓语 | 主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词 | |
3 | 宾语 | 分为动词宾语和介词宾语,属于动作的承受者 | |
4 | 系动词 | 表示状态或状态变化的动词,没有实际的动作意义 | 如 be动词, 感官系动词(look, sound, smell, taste 和 feel)、保持类系动词(keep, stay 和 remain)、状态变化类系动词(become、get、turn 和 go)等 |
5 | 表语 | 紧跟系动词后面的成分 | |
6 | 定语 | 修饰名词或代词的成分 | |
7 | 状语 | 修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分,用来表达时间、地点、原因、目的等信息。 | The dog barks loudly! 其中loudly是状态 |
8 | 补语 | 分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明,与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系 |
注意:主语、谓语、宾语、系动词、表语、补语是一个句子的主干成分;定语和状语是一个句子的修饰性成分,不是主干成分。
举例
You是主语, should keep是谓语,the room是宾语,clean and tidy是宾语补足语。
This kind of food是主语, tastes是系动词, delicious是表语
1. 简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。
2. 复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
3. 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是简单句+并列连词+简单句。
编号 | 组成部分 | 举例 | 举例 |
1 | 主语、谓语 | Lucy sleeps?on the bed. | 地点状语:on the bed |
2 | 主语、谓语 、宾语 | The student read a book | 主语:The student 谓语:read 宾语:a book |
3 | 主语、谓语、间接宾语、直接宾语 | Our teacher taught us English | 主语:Our teacher是主语 谓语:taught 直接宾语:English 间接宾语:us |
4 | 主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语 | He asked her to go there | 主语:he 谓语:asked 宾语:her 宾语补足语:to go there |
5 | 主语、系动词+ 表语 | I am a teacher. | 常用的系动词有be, keep,lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste |
在主句中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
She knew that the teacher had seen the film.她知道这位老师看过这部电影。
that the teacher had seen the film做 knew 的宾语,同时又是由连接词 that 引导的从句,所以它叫做宾语从句。
编号 | 分类 | 含义 | 举例 |
1 | 动词宾语从句 | 它是位于动词后面的宾语从句 | He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class |
2 | 介词宾语从句 | 它是位于介词后面的宾语从句 | I agree with what you said just now |
3 | 形容词宾语从句 | 它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句 | I am afraid that I will be late |
????????名词性从句是一个在句子中充当名词角色的从句。它可以在句子中担任主语、宾语、间接宾语或表语的作用。名词性从句通常由连接词引导,连接词分为为两类:
I don t know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.
下面例子中代词后面的从句在句子中作主宾语
I don't know what she wants for her birthday.我不知道她生日想要什么。
Tell me which book you would like to read.告诉我你想读哪本书。
Do you know who is coming to the party?你知道谁要来参加派对吗?
She doesn't know whom to ask for help.她不知道找谁寻求帮助。
We are looking for the student whose backpack was lost.?我们正在寻找那个书包丢失的学生。
连接副词引导的宾语从句用来回答主句中的疑问或提供相关信息
I don't know where she lives.
Tell me when the party starts.
I explained how to solve the math problem.
She didn't understand why he was upset.
①当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。
I don t know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
②当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
③当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时,任何时候都用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。
????????任何从句都使用陈述句语序,宾语从句当然也不例外。
????????一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作,或表示现在的特征、状态。只有当主语是第三人称单数时动词才需要变化。
一般现在时当主语为非第三人称单数时,动词的形式保持原形。
I play soccer every day.(我每天踢足球。)
这里主语是 I,是第一人称单数,所以动词 play 不需要变化。
You eat vegetables for dinner.(你晚餐吃蔬菜。)
主语是 You,是第二人称单数,所以动词 eat 不需要变化。
一般现在时当主语为第三人称单数时通常在动词原形的基础上加上 -s。
She reads a book in the evening.(她晚上读书。)
主语是 She,是第三人称单数,所以动词 read 变为 reads。
He goes to school every morning.(他每天早上去上学。)
主语是 He,是第三人称单数,所以动词 go 变为 goes。
We play games after school.(我们放学后玩游戏。)
这里主语是 We,是第一人称复数,所以动词 play 不需要变化。
You study English on weekends.(你们周末学英语。)
主语是 You,是第二人称复数,所以动词 study 不需要变化。
They eat lunch together.(他们一起吃午饭。)
主语是 They,是第三人称复数,所以动词 eat 不需要变化。
????????一般过去时表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态(与现在无关) 。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等过去具体时间状语连用。
?He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。
?What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事?
I was an English teacher one year ago.一年前我是一名英语老师。
I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子。
I was not an English teacher one year ago.一年前我不是一名英语老师。
I did not buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子。
Were you an English teacher one year ago?一年前你是一名英语老师吗?
Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon?昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗?
What were you one year ago?一年前你是做什么的?
????????一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态,或将来经常发生的动作或状态。
I will do a better job next time. 下次我要做得好些。
Oil and water will not mix. 油和水没法混在一起。
Will I have a pizza for dinner tonight?(今晚我会吃披萨吗?)
Will we go swimming in the lake?(我们会在湖里游泳吗?)
Will you visit the museum tomorrow?(你明天会去博物馆吗?)
Will she play basketball after school?(她放学后会打篮球吗?
Will they have a party on Friday?(他们星期五会开派对吗?)
What will you do this weekend?(你这个周末会做什么?)
这里what是特殊疑问词,?will 是助动词。
When will you go to the zoo?(你什么时候会去动物园?)
这里when是特殊疑问词,?will 是助动词。
Where will they spend their vacation?(他们将在哪里度过他们的假期?)
这里where是特殊疑问词,?will 是助动词。
Why will she learn to play the piano?(她为什么要学弹钢琴?)
这里why是特殊疑问词,?will 是助动词。
How will we celebrate the birthday party?(我们将如何庆祝生日聚会?)
这里How是特殊疑问词,?will 是助动词。
I am going to have a birthday party next month.(我下个月要举办生日聚会。)
We are going to learn a new song in the music class.(我们音乐课上要学一首新歌。)
You are going to visit your grandparents this weekend.(你这个周末要去拜访你的祖父母。)
She is going to travel to Paris next year.(她明年要去巴黎旅行。)
They are going to visit the zoo next month.(他们下个月要去动物园。)
否定句(Negative):
I am not going to have a birthday party next month.(我下个月不要举办生日聚会。)
We are not going to learn a new song in the music class.(我们音乐课上不学一首新歌。)
You are not going to visit your grandparents this weekend.(你这个周末不去拜访你的祖父母。)
She is not going to travel to Paris next year.(她明年不去巴黎旅行。)
They are?not?going to visit the zoo next month.(他们下个月不去动物园。)
Am I going to the zoo next weekend?(我下个周末要去动物园吗?)
Are we going to have a picnic on Sunday?(我们星期天要去野餐吗?)
Are you going to visit your friend tomorrow?(你明天要去拜访你的朋友吗?)
Is she going to play tennis after school?(她放学后要去打网球吗?)
Are they going to visit the zoo next weekend?(他们下个周末要去动物园吗?)
情态动词:Can、could、 may、might、 must、shall、should、will
用法类似于情态动词的词组:have to、had better
She can swim very well.(她会游泳。)
It may rain tomorrow.(明天可能会下雨。)
Can I go to the bathroom?(我可以去洗手间吗?)
May I borrow your book?(我可以借用你的书吗?)
You should finish your homework.(你应该完成你的家庭作业。)
Would you like some more cookies?(你想要再来些饼干吗?)
He must be at home.(他一定在家。)
It might snow in the evening.(晚上可能会下雪。)
Can(能够,可以):表示能力或许可。
I can swim.(我会游泳。)
Could(能够,可以,过去式):表示过去的能力或许可。
Yesterday, I could solve the problem.(昨天,我能解决这个问题。)
May(可能,可以):表示可能性或许可。
You may go to the party.(你可以去参加派对。)
Might(可能,可以,更不确定):表示更不确定的可能性或许可。
It might rain later.(后面可能会下雨。)
Must(必须,一定):表示必须或很有把握的推断。
You must finish your homework.(你必须完成你的作业。)
Shall(将会,应该):表示将来或建议。
We shall meet at the park.(我们将在公园见面。)
Should(应该):表示建议或期望。
You should study for the exam.(你应该为考试而学习。)
Will(将会):表示将来。
She will visit her grandparents tomorrow.(她明天将去拜访她的祖父母。)
Can(能够,可以):表示能力或许可。
She cannot speak Spanish.(她不能说西班牙语。)
Could(能够,可以,过去式):表示过去的能力或许可。
Yesterday, he could not solve the puzzle.(昨天,他不能解决这个难题。)
May(可能,可以):表示可能性或许可。
You may not join the club.(你不可以加入这个俱乐部。)
Might(可能,可以,更不确定):表示更不确定的可能性或许可。
It might not rain later.(后面可能不会下雨。)
Must(必须,一定):表示必须或很有把握的推断。
You must not ignore your responsibilities.(你不可以忽视你的责任。)
Shall(将会,应该):表示将来或建议。
We shall not meet at the park.(我们将不在公园见面。)
Should(应该):表示建议或期望。
You should not procrastinate.(你不应该拖延。)
Will(将会):表示将来。
She will not visit her grandparents tomorrow.(她明天将不去拜访她的祖父母。)
Can you swim?(你会游泳吗?)
Could you help me with my homework?(你能帮我做作业吗?)
May I go to the restroom?(我可以去洗手间吗?)
Might it rain later?(后面可能会下雨吗?)
Must I finish this today?(我必须今天完成这个吗?)
Shall we meet at the library?(我们将在图书馆见面吗?)
Should I bring my textbook to class?(我应该把教科书带到课堂吗?)
Will she attend the meeting tomorrow?(她明天会参加会议吗?)
Have to(必须,一定,不得不)
肯定:I have to finish my homework.(我必须完成我的作业。)
否定:I don't have to finish my homework by tonight.(我不必须今晚完成我的作业。)
一般疑问句:Do I have to finish my homework?
had better(表达建议、劝告或警告,意为最好或最好是)
肯定:You had better finish your homework before going out.(你最好在外出前完成你的作业。)
否定:You had better not forget to call your friend.(你最好不要忘记给你的朋友打电话。)
一般疑问句:Had you better arrive early for the meeting?(你最好早点到会议现场吗?)
陈述句:He can swim.
特殊疑问句:Can he swim?
陈述句:They have finished their homework.
特殊疑问句:Have they finished their homework?
陈述句:He plays soccer every day.
一般疑问句:Does he play soccer every day?
特殊疑问句: When does he play soccer every day?
陈述句:She likes strawberries.
一般疑问句:Does?she like strawberries?
特殊疑问句: What does she like?
陈述句:They went to the beach last summer.
一般疑问句:Did they go to the beach last summer?
特殊疑问句: Where did they go last summer?
陈述句:I will visit my grandparents next month.
一般疑问句:Will you visit your grandparents next month?
特殊疑问句: When will you visit your grandparents?
陈述句:The movie starts at 7 PM.
一般疑问句:Does the movie start at 7 PM?
特殊疑问句: What time does the movie start?
陈述句:We are studying English now.
一般疑问句:Are we studying English now?
特殊疑问句: What are we studying now?