? ? ? ?生成式人工智能以其创造与上下文相关内容的能力彻底改变了技术,开创了人工智能可能性的新时代。其核心是检索增强生成(RAG),将信息检索与LLM相结合,从外部文档中产生智能、知情的响应。
? ? ?本文将深入研究使用ChromaDB构建RAG驱动的LLM应用程序,ChromaDB以其对大型数据集的高效处理而闻名。
? ? ? 要构建基于RAG的LLM应用程序,需要准备如下环境配置:
????????以及对Python和web API的基本理解。
在终端中,创建一个新目录并导航到该目录:
mkdir rag_lmm_application
cd?rag_lmm_application
虚拟环境可以隔离不同的python环境,创建命令如下所示:
python -m venv venv
激活虚拟环境。对于Mac/Linux用户,请使用:
source venv/bin/activate
对于Windows用户:
venv\Scripts\activate
安装基本库:
pip install -r requirements.txt
PS:确保requirements.txt文件中包含所有必要的依赖项。
? ? ? ?通过上述步骤,环境已经准备就绪,下面开始使用ChromaDB构建最先进的RAG聊天应用程序。
? ? ? 下面使用LangChain来加载各种文档格式,如PDF、DOCX和TXT,这对于外部数据访问、确保高效的数据处理以及为后续阶段保持统一的数据准备至关重要。代码如下:
# loading PDF, DOCX and TXT files as LangChain Documents
def load_document(file):
import os
name, extension = os.path.splitext(file)
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if extension == '.pdf':
from langchain.document_loaders import PyPDFLoader
print(f'Loading {file}')
loader = PyPDFLoader(file)
elif extension == '.docx':
from langchain.document_loaders import Docx2txtLoader
print(f'Loading {file}')
loader = Docx2txtLoader(file)
elif extension == '.txt':
from langchain.document_loaders import TextLoader
loader = TextLoader(file)
else:
print('Document format is not supported!')
return None
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data = loader.load()
return data
? ? ? ?数据分块对RAG系统非常重要,对数据进行分块以便于嵌入,这确保可以保留高效的上下文和信息检索。代码如下:
# splitting data in chunks
def chunk_data(data, chunk_size=256, chunk_overlap=20):
from langchain.text_splitter import RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
text_splitter = RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter(chunk_size=chunk_size, chunk_overlap=chunk_overlap)
chunks = text_splitter.split_documents(data)
return chunks
? ? ? ?使用OpenAI大模型来创建嵌入,并将它们高效地存储在ChromaDB中,可以快速检索信息,代码如下所示:
# create embeddings using OpenAIEmbeddings() and save them in a Chroma vector store
def create_embeddings(chunks):
embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings()
vector_store = Chroma.from_documents(chunks, embeddings)
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# if you want to use a specific directory for chromadb
# vector_store = Chroma.from_documents(chunks, embeddings, persist_directory='./mychroma_db')
return vector_store
? ? ? ?Streamlit的简单性在我们的RAG LLM应用程序中大放异彩,可以毫不费力地将用户输入链接到后端处理。通过Streamlit的初始化和布局设计,用户可以上传文档和管理数据。后端处理这些输入,直接在Streamlit界面中返回响应,展示了前端和后端操作的无缝集成。下面是一个代码片段来说明设置:
def ask_and_get_answer(vector_store, q, k=3):
from langchain.chains import RetrievalQA
from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
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llm = ChatOpenAI(model='gpt-3.5-turbo', temperature=1)
retriever = vector_store.as_retriever(search_type='similarity', search_kwargs={'k': k})
chain = RetrievalQA.from_chain_type(llm=llm, chain_type="stuff", retriever=retriever)
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answer = chain.run(q)
return answer
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# calculate embedding cost using tiktoken
def calculate_embedding_cost(texts):
import tiktoken
enc = tiktoken.encoding_for_model('text-embedding-ada-002')
total_tokens = sum([len(enc.encode(page.page_content)) for page in texts])
# print(f'Total Tokens: {total_tokens}')
# print(f'Embedding Cost in USD: {total_tokens / 1000 * 0.0004:.6f}')
return total_tokens, total_tokens / 1000 * 0.0004
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# clear the chat history from streamlit session state
def clear_history():
if 'history' in st.session_state:
del st.session_state['history']
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if __name__ == "__main__":
import os
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# loading the OpenAI api key from .env
from dotenv import load_dotenv, find_dotenv
load_dotenv(find_dotenv(), override=True)
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st.image('img.png')
st.subheader('LLM Question-Answering Application 🤖')
with st.sidebar:
# text_input for the OpenAI API key (alternative to python-dotenv and .env)
api_key = st.text_input('OpenAI API Key:', type='password')
if api_key:
os.environ['OPENAI_API_KEY'] = api_key
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# file uploader widget
uploaded_file = st.file_uploader('Upload a file:', type=['pdf', 'docx', 'txt'])
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# chunk size number widget
chunk_size = st.number_input('Chunk size:', min_value=100, max_value=2048, value=512, on_change=clear_history)
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# k number input widget
k = st.number_input('k', min_value=1, max_value=20, value=3, on_change=clear_history)
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# add data button widget
add_data = st.button('Add Data', on_click=clear_history)
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if uploaded_file and add_data: # if the user browsed a file
with st.spinner('Reading, chunking and embedding file ...'):
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# writing the file from RAM to the current directory on disk
bytes_data = uploaded_file.read()
file_name = os.path.join('./', uploaded_file.name)
with open(file_name, 'wb') as f:
f.write(bytes_data)
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data = load_document(file_name)
chunks = chunk_data(data, chunk_size=chunk_size)
st.write(f'Chunk size: {chunk_size}, Chunks: {len(chunks)}')
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tokens, embedding_cost = calculate_embedding_cost(chunks)
st.write(f'Embedding cost: ${embedding_cost:.4f}')
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# creating the embeddings and returning the Chroma vector store
vector_store = create_embeddings(chunks)
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# saving the vector store in the streamlit session state (to be persistent between reruns)
st.session_state.vs = vector_store
st.success('File uploaded, chunked and embedded successfully.')
? ? ? ?上面的代码显示了如何在Streamlit中创建文本输入字段并处理用户输入。通过这种设置,用户可以无缝直观地与人工智能应用程序交互。
? ? ? ?我们的RAG聊天应用程序利用了LangChain的RetrievalQA和ChromaDB,通过从ChromaDB的嵌入式数据中提取的相关、准确的信息有效地响应用户查询,体现了先进的Generative AI功能。
? ? ? ?下面的代码片段展示了Streamlit应用程序的实现:
# user's question text input widget
q = st.text_input('Ask a question about the content of your file:')
if q: # if the user entered a question and hit enter
if 'vs' in st.session_state: # if there's the vector store (user uploaded, split and embedded a file)
vector_store = st.session_state.vs
st.write(f'k: {k}')
answer = ask_and_get_answer(vector_store, q, k)
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# text area widget for the LLM answer
st.text_area('LLM Answer: ', value=answer)
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st.divider()
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# if there's no chat history in the session state, create it
if 'history' not in st.session_state:
st.session_state.history = ''
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# the current question and answer
value = f'Q: {q} \nA: {answer}'
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st.session_state.history = f'{value} \n {"-" * 100} \n {st.session_state.history}'
h = st.session_state.history
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# text area widget for the chat history
st.text_area(label='Chat History', value=h, key='history', height=400)
? ? ? ?此代码集成了Streamlit中的用户输入和响应生成。使用ChromaDB的矢量数据,可以获得准确的答案,增强聊天应用程序的交互性,并提供信息丰富的人工智能对话。
? ? ? ?本文,我们探讨了使用OpenAI、ChromaDB和Streamlit构建LLM应用程序的复杂性,介绍了设置环境、处理文档、创建和存储嵌入以及构建用户友好的聊天界面,展示了RAG和ChromaDB的强大组合。
? ? ? ?要运行应用程序,请在终端中执行以下命令:
streamlit run ./chat_with_documents.py
? ? ? ?现在,可以通过导航到http://localhost:8501来测试该应用程序。
[1]?https://medium.com/@oladimejisamuel/unlocking-the-power-of-generativeai-building-a-cutting-edge-rag-chat-application-with-chromadb-c5c994ccc584