LTC2944库仑计(电量计)芯片应用笔记(Arduino,ESP32)

发布时间:2024年01月23日

一、一些基础知识

1.蓄电池的容量单位

(1)毫安时mAH

蓄电池的容量一般会采用毫安时(mAH)为单位,比如2000mAH的蓄电池意思是该蓄电池理论上可以以2000mA的电流持续放电1小时,2000mA*1H=2000mAH。当然这个是理论上的,实际上蓄电池容量受到自身寿命状态、外部温度等环境因素影响,标称2000mAH的电池往往不能放出那么多容量的。严格说来,mAH并不是电能量单位,只是个容量单位。

(2)瓦时WH

我们知道,电能量有个单位叫做瓦时(WH)或千瓦时(度)(kWH)。为什么不用瓦时来表示蓄电池容量呢?其实也不是不用,而只是习惯问题,比如现在电动汽车就用度来表示蓄电池容量了。

在小型蓄电池领域,比如18650电池,用度来做单位有点太大了。假设电池电压4V,放电电流1000mA(1A),放一个小时放出的能量才4V*1A*1H=4WH。

此外,蓄电池放电过程中,电压不是恒定不变的,而是一直在变化的,那么就需要用持续积分的方式来计算蓄电池实际放出能量了,操作起来比较麻烦。而放电过程中,放电电流是可以通过放电负载调节来做到恒流放电的。所以mAH听起来是比较直观的。

综合以上种种因素,小型电池领域,我们通常用mAH来做容量单位。

(3)库伦

此外还有个单位库伦C,这个单位是电荷单位,定义是1安培电流持续1秒所流过的电荷量为1库伦,即1C=1A*1s。其和mAH之间的关系就是1mAH=0.001A*3600s=3.6C

二、LTC2944应用知识点

1.LTC2944简单介绍

这个在网上能搜索到一些,累赘再简单介绍,详细介绍可以自行网上查找。

? 可测量累积的电池充电和放电电量
? 3.6V 至 60V 工作范围可适合多节电池
? 14 位 ADC 负责测量电池电压、电流和温度
? 1% 电压、电流和充电准确度
? ±50mV 检测电压范围
? 高压侧检测
? I2C 接口 / SMBus接口
? 适合任何电池化学组成和容量的通用测量
? 可配置警报输出 / 充电完成输入
? 静态电流小于 150μA
? 小外形 8 引线 3mm x 3mm DFN 封装

顺便提一句,这个芯片比较贵,国产有矽力杰的SA59202做Pin-to-Pin的代替,但是很不好买,缺货,也不知道性能差别有多大。

2.芯片结构

LTC2944内部包含3个主要部分:电量计数器、ADC、I2C通信模块

(1)电量计数器:比较特别,它是独立于电压、电流、温度传感器的,其工作也是独立的。

因此,可以通过控制寄存器,让ADC停止工作(sleep),而电量计数器在ADC停止后是不会受到影响的,依然会继续计数。也就是说只要芯片通电没有shutdown(该模式后面会讲到),电量计数器就会一直运行。

(2)ADC:ADC可以对电压、电流、温度三个量进行采集,通过ADC前端MUX切换输入源。

(3)I2C通信模块:提供通信功能,对寄存器读写进而控制芯片。

3.内部寄存器表

00h:状态寄存器,当发生告警时该寄存器相应位置位;

01h:控制寄存器,控制芯片的工作模式、预定标值、ALCC引脚功能控制;

02h-17h:电量、电压、电流、温度的测量值和累积值,以及告警门限设置。

3.Rsense大小的选择

该芯片的SENSE+和SENSE-引脚之间的最大电压限制在±50mV内,因此你的应用场景下蓄电池的充电和放电最大电流下,在Rsense上产生的压降不要超过这个50mV,否则芯片精度受影响,超过300mV甚至会停止工作(不知道会不会坏掉,手册没说)。

比如2A的最大充电或放电电流,应该Rsense≤(50mV/2A)=25mΩ。

4.寄存器值与实际值之间的计算方法

(1)电压V

电压ADC有效位为16bit,寄存器地址为08h和09h,满量程70.8V,因此Vlsb=70.8/65535。

如果寄存器读出值为B01Ch(十进制45084),那么测量值实际为:

V=45084*70.8/65535≈48.705V

当然这个测量值是在芯片的SENSE-引脚测量到的。

(2)电流I

电流ADC有效位为12bit,寄存器地址为0Eh和0Fh。电流分正负,取决于电池是在充电还是放电状态。

0Fh寄存器的最低4位一直都保持是0,因为ADC只有12bit。所以当寄存器读出FFF0h的时候,代表电流测量的正满量程64mV;当寄存器读出值为0000h时,代表电流测量值为负满量程-64mV。

那么,假设电流的寄存器读出值为Ic,实际测量值的计算方法就是:

I=(64mV/Rsense)*((Ic-32767)/32767)

计算结果为正的话,表示在充电;为负的话表示在放电。

(3)电量mAH

电量计数器(ACR)也是16bit,每一bit代表的电量取决于M(prescaler)的值和Rsense的值。

公式如下:

通过读取ACR的值,乘以Qlsb即可得出当前读数。

在默认值M=4096和Rsense=50mΩ的情况下,计数器加或减1所代表电量变化0.34mAH。

这个0.34怎么来的我也不知道,手册上就是这么说的。

单位为mAH,要换算成库伦自己算。

(4)温度

温度ADC有效位为11位,最低5位始终保持为0,通过下面公式直接算出实际温度:

单位K,要把结果换算成℃的话自己算。

5.芯片工作模式

(1)shutdown模式

控制寄存器bit0设置为1可以将芯片设置为关闭模式,此时整个芯片模拟部分,包括电量计数器、ADC全部停止工作,但是I2C部分保持在工作,芯片耗电量降到最低约15微安。电量计数器ACR在这种模式下不再变化,无法进行电量计量。

(2)ADC模块的四种模式

控制寄存器bit7和bit6组合ADC成4中工作模式:

11:全自动模式,芯片持续进行ADC转换,约30ms完成一次;

10:扫描模式,每10秒进行一次ADC转换,其余时间休眠;

01:人工模式,人为发命令启动才进行一次ADC转换,然后休眠;

00:休眠模式

ADC转换次数越多,耗电越厉害,全自动模式下耗电约1mA,详见手册。

三、驱动程序

1.驱动源码

芯片了解完成终于要动手编写驱动了。Linear(已被ADI收购)专门为该芯片提供了一份驱动程序,地址:LTC2944 数据手册和产品信息 | 亚德诺(ADI)半导体

但是这个程序是Linduino平台的,这个东东咱也没用过,但是源码还是可以参考下的。

下面我们把链接上的LTC2944.h和LTC2944.cpp下载下来进行改造。

详细的改造过程省略了,对改造过程感兴趣的可以对比下下面代码和原来的代码之间的差异。

主要改造4个函数:

? ? int8_t LTC2944_write(uint8_t i2c_address, uint8_t adc_command, uint8_t code);
? ? int8_t ?LTC2944_write_16_bits(uint8_t i2c_address, uint8_t adc_command, uint16_t code);
? ? int8_t ?LTC2944_read(uint8_t i2c_address, uint8_t adc_command, uint8_t *adc_code);
? ? int8_t ?LTC2944_read_16_bits(uint8_t i2c_address, uint8_t adc_command, uint16_t *adc_code)

这4个函数是对总线的操作,改造内容是把I2C的操作方法改成Wire方法,其他函数基本都是内部计算函数,不用改造。其他的改造内容都是为了方便使用而改造的,包括增加一些操作函数。

直接给出改造后的源码如下。

LTC2944.h

#ifndef LTC2944_h
#define LTC2944_h
 
#include "Arduino.h"
#include "Wire.h"


#define I2C_ADDRESS_LTC2944 0x64
//#define I2C_ADDR_LTC2944 144

//Registers
#define LTC2944_STATUS_REG                          0x00
#define LTC2944_CONTROL_REG                         0x01
#define LTC2944_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG                0x02
#define LTC2944_ACCUM_CHARGE_LSB_REG                0x03
#define LTC2944_CHARGE_THRESH_HIGH_MSB_REG          0x04
#define LTC2944_CHARGE_THRESH_HIGH_LSB_REG          0x05
#define LTC2944_CHARGE_THRESH_LOW_MSB_REG           0x06
#define LTC2944_CHARGE_THRESH_LOW_LSB_REG           0x07
#define LTC2944_VOLTAGE_MSB_REG                     0x08
#define LTC2944_VOLTAGE_LSB_REG                     0x09
#define LTC2944_VOLTAGE_THRESH_HIGH_MSB_REG         0x0A
#define LTC2944_VOLTAGE_THRESH_HIGH_LSB_REG         0x0B
#define LTC2944_VOLTAGE_THRESH_LOW_MSB_REG          0x0C
#define LTC2944_VOLTAGE_THRESH_LOW_LSB_REG          0x0D
#define LTC2944_CURRENT_MSB_REG                     0x0E
#define LTC2944_CURRENT_LSB_REG                     0x0F
#define LTC2944_CURRENT_THRESH_HIGH_MSB_REG         0x10
#define LTC2944_CURRENT_THRESH_HIGH_LSB_REG         0x11
#define LTC2944_CURRENT_THRESH_LOW_MSB_REG          0x12
#define LTC2944_CURRENT_THRESH_LOW_LSB_REG          0x13
#define LTC2944_TEMPERATURE_MSB_REG                 0x14
#define LTC2944_TEMPERATURE_LSB_REG                 0x15
#define LTC2944_TEMPERATURE_THRESH_HIGH_REG         0x16
#define LTC2944_TEMPERATURE_THRESH_LOW_REG          0x17

// Command Codes
#define LTC2944_AUTOMATIC_MODE                      0xC0
#define LTC2944_SCAN_MODE                           0x80
#define LTC2944_MANUAL_MODE                         0x40
#define LTC2944_SLEEP_MODE                          0x00
#define LTC2944_PRESCALAR_M_1                       0x00
#define LTC2944_PRESCALAR_M_4                       0x08
#define LTC2944_PRESCALAR_M_16                      0x10
#define LTC2944_PRESCALAR_M_64                      0x18
#define LTC2944_PRESCALAR_M_256                     0x20
#define LTC2944_PRESCALAR_M_1024                    0x28
#define LTC2944_PRESCALAR_M_4096                    0x30
#define LTC2944_PRESCALAR_M_4096_2                  0x31
#define LTC2944_ALERT_MODE                          0x04
#define LTC2944_CHARGE_COMPLETE_MODE                0x02
#define LTC2944_DISABLE_ALCC_PIN                    0x00
#define LTC2944_SHUTDOWN_MODE                       0x01
#define LTC2944_SHUTDOWN_MODE_UNDO                  0x00




class I2CLTC2944
{
  public:
    I2CLTC2944(TwoWire * ptrI2CBus)
    {
      _ptrI2CBus=ptrI2CBus;
    }

    int8_t  LTC2944_write(uint8_t i2c_address, uint8_t adc_command, uint8_t code);
    int8_t  LTC2944_write_16_bits(uint8_t i2c_address, uint8_t adc_command, uint16_t code);
    int8_t  LTC2944_read(uint8_t i2c_address, uint8_t adc_command, uint8_t *adc_code);
    int8_t  LTC2944_read_16_bits(uint8_t i2c_address, uint8_t adc_command, uint16_t *adc_code);
    float   LTC2944_code_to_coulombs(uint16_t adc_code, float resistor, uint16_t prescalar);
    float   LTC2944_code_to_mAh(uint16_t adc_code, float resistor, uint16_t prescalar );
    float   LTC2944_code_to_voltage(uint16_t adc_code);
    float   LTC2944_code_to_current(uint16_t adc_code, float resistor);
    float   LTC2944_code_to_kelvin_temperature(uint16_t adc_code);
    float   LTC2944_code_to_celcius_temperature(uint16_t adc_code);
    int8_t  LTC2944_register_set_clear_bits(uint8_t i2c_address, uint8_t register_address, uint8_t bits_to_set, uint8_t bits_to_clear);  
    int8_t  LTC2944_set_mode(uint8_t i2c_address,uint8_t mode);
    int8_t  LTC2944_set_prescalar(uint8_t i2c_address,uint16_t prescalarVal);
    int8_t  LTC2944_set_ALCC(uint8_t i2c_address,uint8_t ALCCMode);
    int8_t  LTC2944_set_shutdown(uint8_t i2c_address,uint8_t shutdown);
    int8_t  LTC2944_set_ACR_full(uint8_t i2c_address);

  private:
    TwoWire * _ptrI2CBus;
};
 
#endif

LTC2944.cpp

#include "Arduino.h"
#include "LTC2944.h"



//Conversion Constants
const float LTC2944_CHARGE_lsb = 0.34E-3;
const float LTC2944_VOLTAGE_lsb = 1.068E-3;
const float LTC2944_CURRENT_lsb = 29.3E-6;
const float LTC2944_TEMPERATURE_lsb = 0.25;
const float LTC2944_FULLSCALE_VOLTAGE = 70;
const float LTC2944_FULLSCALE_CURRENT = 60E-3;
const float LTC2944_FULLSCALE_TEMPERATURE = 510;

const float resistor = .020;                               //!< resistor value 




int8_t I2CLTC2944::LTC2944_write(uint8_t i2c_address, uint8_t adc_command, uint8_t code)
{
  // Write an 8-bit code to the LTC2944.
  // The function returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write. 0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge.
  int32_t ack;
  //ack = i2c_write_byte_data(i2c_address, adc_command, code);
  _ptrI2CBus->beginTransmission(i2c_address);
  _ptrI2CBus->write(adc_command);
  _ptrI2CBus->write(code);
  ack=_ptrI2CBus->endTransmission(true);
  return(ack);
}


int8_t I2CLTC2944::LTC2944_write_16_bits(uint8_t i2c_address, uint8_t adc_command, uint16_t code)
{
  // Write a 16-bit code to the LTC2944.
  // The function returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write. 0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge.
  int8_t ack;
  //ack = i2c_write_word_data(i2c_address, adc_command, code);
  _ptrI2CBus->beginTransmission(i2c_address);
  _ptrI2CBus->write(adc_command);
  _ptrI2CBus->write(code);
  ack=_ptrI2CBus->endTransmission(true);  
  return(ack);
}



int8_t I2CLTC2944::LTC2944_read(uint8_t i2c_address, uint8_t adc_command, uint8_t *adc_code)
{
  // Reads an 8-bit adc_code from LTC2944
  // The function returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write. 0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge.
  int32_t ack;
  //ack = i2c_read_byte_data(i2c_address, adc_command, adc_code);
  _ptrI2CBus->flush();
  _ptrI2CBus->beginTransmission(i2c_address);
  _ptrI2CBus->write(adc_command);
  ack=_ptrI2CBus->endTransmission(false);    
  uint8_t bytesReceived=0;
  bytesReceived=_ptrI2CBus->requestFrom(i2c_address,1);
  if(bytesReceived==1)
  {
    *adc_code=_ptrI2CBus->read();
  }
  else
  {
    //Serial.println("LTC2944_read reply error!");
  }
  return(ack);
}

int8_t I2CLTC2944::LTC2944_read_16_bits(uint8_t i2c_address, uint8_t adc_command, uint16_t *adc_code)
{
  // Reads a 16-bit adc_code from LTC2944
  // The function returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write. 0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge.
  int32_t ack;
  //ack = i2c_read_word_data(i2c_address, adc_command, adc_code);
  _ptrI2CBus->flush();
  _ptrI2CBus->beginTransmission(i2c_address);
  _ptrI2CBus->write(adc_command);
  ack=_ptrI2CBus->endTransmission(false);    
  uint8_t bytesReceived=0;
  uint8_t temp[2];
  bytesReceived=_ptrI2CBus->requestFrom(i2c_address,2);
  if(bytesReceived==2)
  {
    temp[0]=_ptrI2CBus->read();
    //Serial.print("MSB=");Serial.println(temp[0]);
    temp[1]=_ptrI2CBus->read();
    //Serial.print("LSB=");Serial.println(temp[1]);
    //_ptrI2CBus->readBytes(temp, bytesReceived);
    *adc_code=temp[0]*256+temp[1];
  }
  else
  {
    //Serial.print("read NOT 2 bytes! recv bytes=");Serial.println(bytesReceived);
  }
  return(ack);  
}


float I2CLTC2944::LTC2944_code_to_coulombs(uint16_t adc_code, float resistor, uint16_t prescalar)
{
  // The function converts the 16-bit RAW adc_code to Coulombs
  float coulomb_charge;
  coulomb_charge =  1000*(float)(adc_code*LTC2944_CHARGE_lsb*prescalar*50E-3)/(resistor*4096);
  coulomb_charge = coulomb_charge*3.6f;
  return(coulomb_charge);
}

float I2CLTC2944::LTC2944_code_to_mAh(uint16_t adc_code, float resistor, uint16_t prescalar )
{
  // The function converts the 16-bit RAW adc_code to mAh
  float mAh_charge;
  mAh_charge = 1000*(float)(adc_code*LTC2944_CHARGE_lsb*prescalar*50E-3)/(resistor*4096);
  return(mAh_charge);
}

float I2CLTC2944::LTC2944_code_to_voltage(uint16_t adc_code)
{
  // The function converts the 16-bit RAW adc_code to Volts
  float voltage;
  voltage = ((float)adc_code/(65535))*LTC2944_FULLSCALE_VOLTAGE;
  return(voltage);
}

float I2CLTC2944::LTC2944_code_to_current(uint16_t adc_code, float resistor)
{
  // The function converts the 16-bit RAW adc_code to Amperes
  float current;
  current = (((float)adc_code-32767)/(32767))*((float)(LTC2944_FULLSCALE_CURRENT)/resistor);
  return(current);
}

float I2CLTC2944::LTC2944_code_to_kelvin_temperature(uint16_t adc_code)
{
  // The function converts the 16-bit RAW adc_code to Kelvin
  float temperature;
  temperature = adc_code*((float)(LTC2944_FULLSCALE_TEMPERATURE)/65535);
  return(temperature);
}

float I2CLTC2944::LTC2944_code_to_celcius_temperature(uint16_t adc_code)
{
  // The function converts the 16-bit RAW adc_code to Celcius
  float temperature;
  temperature = adc_code*((float)(LTC2944_FULLSCALE_TEMPERATURE)/65535) - 273.15;
  return(temperature);
}


int8_t I2CLTC2944::LTC2944_register_set_clear_bits(uint8_t i2c_address, uint8_t register_address, uint8_t bits_to_set, uint8_t bits_to_clear)
{
  // Used to set and clear bits in a control register.  bits_to_set will be bitwise OR'd with the register.
  // bits_to_clear will be inverted and bitwise AND'd with the register so that every location with a 1 will result in a 0 in the register.  
  uint8_t register_data;
  int8_t ack = 0;

  ack |= LTC2944_read(i2c_address, register_address, &register_data);
  register_data = register_data & (~bits_to_clear);
  register_data = register_data | bits_to_set;
  ack |= LTC2944_write(i2c_address, register_address, register_data);
  return(ack);
}


int8_t I2CLTC2944::LTC2944_set_mode(uint8_t i2c_address,uint8_t mode)
{
  //"mode" must be one of the defined symbols:
  //    LTC2944_AUTOMATIC_MODE,LTC2944_SCAN_MODE,LTC2944_MANUAL_MODE,LTC2944_SLEEP_MODE
  uint8_t curCode;
  uint8_t setCode;
  int8_t ack = 0;
  ack |= LTC2944_read(i2c_address, LTC2944_CONTROL_REG, &curCode);
  setCode = mode | (curCode & B00111111);//B[7:6]
  ack |= LTC2944_write(i2c_address, LTC2944_CONTROL_REG, setCode);
  return(ack);
}

int8_t I2CLTC2944::LTC2944_set_prescalar(uint8_t i2c_address,uint16_t prescalarVal)
{
  //"prescalarVal" must be one of the defined symbols:
  //    LTC2944_PRESCALAR_M_1,LTC2944_PRESCALAR_M_4,LTC2944_PRESCALAR_M_16
  //    LTC2944_PRESCALAR_M_64,LTC2944_PRESCALAR_M_256,LTC2944_PRESCALAR_M_1024
  //    LTC2944_PRESCALAR_M_4096
  uint8_t curCode;
  uint8_t setCode;
  int8_t ack = 0;
  LTC2944_read(i2c_address,LTC2944_CONTROL_REG,&curCode);
  setCode = prescalarVal | (curCode & B11000111);//B[5:3]
  ack |= LTC2944_write(i2c_address, LTC2944_CONTROL_REG, setCode);
  return(ack);
}

int8_t I2CLTC2944::LTC2944_set_ALCC(uint8_t i2c_address,uint8_t ALCCMode)
{
  //"ALCCMode"  must be one of the defined symbols:
  //    LTC2944_ALERT_MODE,LTC2944_CHARGE_COMPLETE_MODE,LTC2944_DISABLE_ALCC_PIN,LTC2944_SHUTDOWN_MODE
  uint8_t curCode;
  uint8_t setCode;
  int8_t ack = 0;
  ack |= LTC2944_read(i2c_address, LTC2944_CONTROL_REG, &curCode);
  setCode = ALCCMode | (curCode & B11111001);//B[2:1]
  ack |= LTC2944_write(i2c_address, LTC2944_CONTROL_REG, setCode);
  return(ack);
}

int8_t I2CLTC2944::LTC2944_set_shutdown(uint8_t i2c_address,uint8_t shutdown)
{
  //"ALCCMode"  must be one of the defined symbols:
  //    LTC2944_SHUTDOWN_MODE,LTC2944_SHUTDOWN_MODE_UNDO
  uint8_t curCode;
  uint8_t setCode;
  int8_t ack = 0;
  ack |= LTC2944_read(i2c_address, LTC2944_CONTROL_REG, &curCode);
  setCode = shutdown | (curCode & B11111110);//B[0]
  ack |= LTC2944_write(i2c_address, LTC2944_CONTROL_REG, setCode);
  return(ack);
}

int8_t I2CLTC2944::LTC2944_set_ACR_full(uint8_t i2c_address)
{
  //set ACR to 0xFFFF
  uint8_t curCode;
  uint8_t setCode;
  int8_t ack = 0;
  ack |= LTC2944_write(i2c_address, LTC2944_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG, 0xff);  
  ack |= LTC2944_write(i2c_address, LTC2944_ACCUM_CHARGE_LSB_REG, 0xff);   
  return(ack);
}


2.调用方法及测试代码

编写测试代码如下。注意我的Rsense=20mΩ,M的值保持为默认值4096我没有修改它。

#include "Wire.h"

#include "LTC2944.h"


I2CLTC2944 objI2CLTC2944(&Wire1);
const float resistor = .020;   //我的Rsense是20毫欧的

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(14,OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(14,HIGH);//打开外围设备供电,用不到就删掉

  uint8_t data;
  uint16_t data16;
  float voltage;
  int8_t reply;

  Wire1.begin(41,42);//改成你自己的I2C总线引脚
  delay(1000);

  objI2CLTC2944.LTC2944_set_shutdown(I2C_ADDRESS_LTC2944,LTC2944_SHUTDOWN_MODE_UNDO);//undoshutdown,使芯片工作
  objI2CLTC2944.LTC2944_set_mode(I2C_ADDRESS_LTC2944,LTC2944_AUTOMATIC_MODE);//设置为自动模式
  reply=objI2CLTC2944.LTC2944_read(I2C_ADDRESS_LTC2944,LTC2944_CONTROL_REG,&data);
  Serial.printf("LTC2944 read data= 0x%02X\n", data);
  delay(1000);
  objI2CLTC2944.LTC2944_set_mode(I2C_ADDRESS_LTC2944,LTC2944_SCAN_MODE);
  reply=objI2CLTC2944.LTC2944_read(I2C_ADDRESS_LTC2944,LTC2944_CONTROL_REG,&data);
  Serial.printf("LTC2944 read data= 0x%02X\n", data);
  delay(1000);
  objI2CLTC2944.LTC2944_set_mode(I2C_ADDRESS_LTC2944,LTC2944_MANUAL_MODE);
  reply=objI2CLTC2944.LTC2944_read(I2C_ADDRESS_LTC2944,LTC2944_CONTROL_REG,&data);
  Serial.printf("LTC2944 read data= 0x%02X\n", data);
  delay(1000);
  objI2CLTC2944.LTC2944_set_mode(I2C_ADDRESS_LTC2944,LTC2944_SLEEP_MODE);
  reply=objI2CLTC2944.LTC2944_read(I2C_ADDRESS_LTC2944,LTC2944_CONTROL_REG,&data);
  Serial.printf("LTC2944 read data= 0x%02X\n", data);
  delay(1000);  

  objI2CLTC2944.LTC2944_set_mode(I2C_ADDRESS_LTC2944,LTC2944_AUTOMATIC_MODE);
  reply=objI2CLTC2944.LTC2944_read(I2C_ADDRESS_LTC2944,LTC2944_CONTROL_REG,&data);
  Serial.printf("LTC2944 read data= 0x%02X\n", data);
  delay(1000);

  objI2CLTC2944.LTC2944_set_mode(I2C_ADDRESS_LTC2944,LTC2944_AUTOMATIC_MODE);
  reply=objI2CLTC2944.LTC2944_read(I2C_ADDRESS_LTC2944,LTC2944_CONTROL_REG,&data);
  Serial.printf("LTC2944 read data= 0x%02X\n", data);
  delay(1000);

  //objI2CLTC2944.LTC2944_set_ACR_full(I2C_ADDRESS_LTC2944);电池充满状态下认为设置ACR为0xFFFF,便于实际计算电池电量
}

void loop() {
  byte error, address;
  int nDevices = 0;
  uint8_t data;
  uint16_t data16;
  float voltage;
  float current;
  int8_t reply;



  objI2CLTC2944.LTC2944_read_16_bits(I2C_ADDRESS_LTC2944,LTC2944_VOLTAGE_MSB_REG,&data16);
  Serial.printf("LTC2944 read data= 0x%04X\n", data16);
  voltage=objI2CLTC2944.LTC2944_code_to_voltage(data16);
  Serial.print("read voltage=");Serial.println(voltage);
  delay(1000);  
  objI2CLTC2944.LTC2944_read_16_bits(I2C_ADDRESS_LTC2944,LTC2944_CURRENT_MSB_REG,&data16);
  Serial.printf("LTC2944 read data= 0x%04X\n", data16);
  current=objI2CLTC2944.LTC2944_code_to_current(data16,resistor)*1000;
  Serial.print("read current=");Serial.print(current);Serial.println("mA");
  delay(1000);    
/*
  //扫描I2C总线看芯片在总线上不
  Serial.println("Scanning for I2C devices ...");
  for(address = 0x01; address < 0x7f; address++){
    Wire1.beginTransmission(address);
    error = Wire1.endTransmission();
    if (error == 0){
      Serial.printf("I2C device found at address 0x%02X\n", address);
      nDevices++;
    } else if(error != 2){
      Serial.printf("Error %d at address 0x%02X\n", error, address);
    }
  }
  if (nDevices == 0){
    Serial.println("No I2C devices found");
  }
  */
}

下载后CPU从串口持续输出电流和电压测量值。

3.电路部分

LTC2944的电路比较简单,把充电部分的电路也一并贴上。左边是充电模块,右边是LTC2944

PCB效果图,C13左边就是LTC2944

四、补充的东西

1.电量容量百分比的计算

这个芯片是与有些电量计芯片相比,是不内置电池模型的,因此它并不知道你电池的实际容量,只是简单的对电量进行加减计数。所以要得出电池容量百分比,需要你根据使用情况自己建立电池模型,比如在电池充满的情况下把ACR置0xFFFF,然后待电池放空时读出ACR的值,用0xFFFF减去ACR读出值来计算出你电池的实际容量。然后在后面的应用过程中就可以根据当时ACR的读出值除以电池容量来计算当前电量百分比。

然而,电池容量会随着电池寿命、环境等因素改变的,所以你也需要根据这些情况来不断修正电池总容量,以便得出更准确的百分比。

2.ACR值的保存

LTC2944并不内置flash,ACR的值在芯片通电情况下才能得以保存。因此如果芯片断电(如电池没电了),再恢复供电的情况下,ACR会复位为0x7FFF,并重新计数。所以电池模型的建立需要你自己再额外找断电不丢数据的地方(比如ESP32的flash)来保存电池容量等关键数据。

文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/f4t0x/article/details/135624426
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