redhat+ oracle 11.2.0.4 RAC 搭建 dataguard

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redhat+ oracle 11.2.0.4 RAC 搭建 dataguard

1.安装环境

主机名	OS	DB	SID	db_name	db_unique_name
rac1	Redhat7	11.2.0.4	orcl1	orcl	orcl_rac
rac1	Redhat7	11.2.0.4	orcl2	orcl	orcl_rac
orcldg	Redhat7	11.2.0.4	orcl	orcl	orcl_dg

备注：orcl1是一套oracle RAC 集群中的一台服务器

2.安装前配置

IP地址配置

主库：192.168.2.15

备库：192.168.2.180

Oracle安装要求

主库：安装oracle 软件，并创建oracle 数据库

备库：仅安装oracle软件

安装位置

主库：/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1

备库：/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1

数据库实例规划

主库：

实例名：orcl1数据库名orcl 数据库唯一名：orcl_rac

备库：

实例名：orcl数据库名 orcl 数据库唯一名：orcl_dg

Oracle Dataguard 要求主库和备库的数据库名字一样，即db_name要一样，

使用db_unique_name名字区分

3.安装过程

主库为归档模式

主库：

Select log_mode from v$database;

启用强制日志模式（mount 状态下修改）

主库：

SQL>select force_logging from v$database;

FORCE_

------

NO

SQL> shutdown immediate;

数据库已经关闭。

已经卸载数据库。

ORACLE 例程已经关闭。

SQL>startup mount;

ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area 1119043584 bytes

Fixed Size????????????????? 2280496 bytes

Variable Size???????????? 738198480 bytes

Database Buffers???????? ?369098752 bytes

Redo Buffers??????????????? 9465856 bytes

数据库装载完毕。

SQL>alter database force logging;

数据库已更改。

SQL> alter database open;

数据库已更改。

SQL>select force_logging from v$database;

FORCE_

------

YES

Force_logging 为YES 代表数据库是强制日志模式。

配置standby 日志文件

主库：

增加standby 日志组（正常比online 日志多一组）

alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 '+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group5_01.log' size 50M;

alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 6 '+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group6_01.log' size 50M;

alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 7 '+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group7_01.log' size 50M;

alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 8 '+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group8_01.log' size 50M;

alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 9 '+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group9_01.log' size 50M;

alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 10 '+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group10_01.log' size 50M;

--查询standby log 命令

SELECT bytes,GROUP#,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,ARCHIVED,STATUS FROM V$STANDBY_LOG;

--删除standby 的命令

alter database drop standby logfile group 4;

配置监听（主库和备库）

使用netca配置监听。

下图是监听配置后的结果，监听正常。

主库：RAC 不用单独配置监听

备库：配置DG的时候，备份的数据库还无法open,所有要配置静态监听

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

? (SID_LIST =

??? (SID_DESC =

????? (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl_dg)

????? (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1)

????? (SID_NAME = orcl)

??? )

? )

LISTENER =

? (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

??? (DESCRIPTION =

????? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.180)(PORT = 1521))

??? )

??? (DESCRIPTION =

????? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

??? )

? )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1

启动监听：lsnrctl start

配置tnsnames文件(主库和备库)

ORCL_PRI ?为主库的连接信息，orcl_std为备库的连接信息

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

主库：

ORCL_PRI ?=

? (DESCRIPTION =

??? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.2.15)(PORT = 1521))

??? (CONNECT_DATA =

????? (SERVICE_NAME = orcl_rac)

??? )

? )

ORCL_STD =

? (DESCRIPTION =

??? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.180)(PORT = 1521))

??? (CONNECT_DATA =

????? (SERVICE_NAME = orcl_dg)

??? )

? )

备库:

ORCL_PRI ?=

? (DESCRIPTION =

??? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.2.15)(PORT = 1521))

??? (CONNECT_DATA =

????? (SERVICE_NAME = orcl_rac)

??? )

? )

ORCL_STD =

? (DESCRIPTION =

??? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.180)(PORT = 1521))

??? (CONNECT_DATA =

????? (SERVICE_NAME = orcl_dg)

??? )

? )

tnsping （主库和备库）

确认主库和备库是否联通

主备库：tnsping ORCL_PRI

??????? tnsping ORCL_STD

创建pfile并修改。

主库：

创建pfile ,修改pfile,生成spfile,并以spfile 启动数据库

alter system set? DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_rac scope=spfile sid='*';

alter system set? LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(orcl_rac,orcl_dg)' scope=both sid='*';

alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST? VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_rac' scope=both sid='*';

alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=orcl_std ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_dg' scope=both sid='*';

#standby

alter system set FAL_SERVER=orcl_std scope=both sid='*';

alter system set fal_client=orcl1 scope=both sid='orcl1';

alter system set fal_client=orcl2 scope=both sid='orcl2';

alter system set DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/data/oradata/','+DATA/orcl/datafile/','/data/oradata/', '+DATA/orcl/tempfile/' scope=spfile sid='*';

alter system set LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/data/oradata/','+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/' scope=spfile sid='*';

alter system set STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO scope=both sid='*';

备库：

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'

*.control_files='/data/oradata/control01.ctl','/data/oradata/control02.ctl'

*.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata'

*.db_name='orcl'

*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/data/oradata/fast_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=462107443200

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=200M

*.processes=1500

*.sessions=1655

*.sga_target=420M

*.db_unique_name='orcl_dg'

*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(orcl_dg,orcl_rac)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl_dg'

*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcl_pri ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_pri'

*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/','/data/oradata/'

*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/orcl/datafile/','/data/oradata/','+DATA/orcl/tempfile/','/data/oradata/'

*.fal_client='ORCL_STD'

*.fal_server='ORCL1,ORCL2'

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

创建相应的路径:

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump

mkdir -p /data/oradata/

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

mkdir -p /data/oradata/fast_recovery_area

配置密码文件

将主库A的密码文件复制到备库和 主库B

scp orapworcl1 192.168.2.180:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/dbs

mv orapworcl1 orapworcl

scp orapworcl1 192.168.2.14:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/dbs

备库创建spfile ,并启动到nomount

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

Sql> create spfile from pfile='/tmp/pfile.txt';

使用RMAN连接主备库，复制数据

主库：使用RMAN 复制主库的控制文件和数据文件到备库

rman target sys/oracle@orcl_pri auxiliary sys/oracle@orcl_std

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck dorecover;

打开备库，并开始同步数据

备库:

Alter database open read only;

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

4.同步数据测试

主库：创建表

SQL> Create table t_test as select * from dba_users;

Table created.

SQL> Select count(1) from t_test;

? COUNT(1)

----------

?????? 35

备库：

SQL> Select count(1) from t_test;

? COUNT(1)

----------

?????? 35

主库的数据已经同步到备库。

切换测试

主库：

查看状态

SELECT DATABASE_ROLE, DB_UNIQUE_NAME INSTANCE, OPEN_MODE,PROTECTION_MODE, PROTECTION_LEVEL, SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

执行切换命令

alter?database?commit?to?switchover?to?physical?standby?WITH?SESSION?SHUTDOWN;

只读方式打开数据库

startup mount ;

alter database open read only;

开始应用日志

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

备库：

查看状态

SELECT DATABASE_ROLE, DB_UNIQUE_NAME INSTANCE, OPEN_MODE,PROTECTION_MODE, PROTECTION_LEVEL, SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

切换为主模式

shutdown immediate;

startup mount;

将数据库切换为主库：

alter?database?commit?to?switchover?to?primary;

查看数据库角色：

SELECT DATABASE_ROLE, DB_UNIQUE_NAME INSTANCE, OPEN_MODE,PROTECTION_MODE, PROTECTION_LEVEL, SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

打开数据库

alter database open;

数据同步测试

主库：

备库：

数据正常同步

6.DG常用管理命令

停止Standby

select process, status from v$managed_standby; --查看备库是否在应用日志进行恢复

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

shutdown immediate;

切换到只读模式

-----由shutdown模式切换到只读模式-------

startup nomount;

alter database mount standby database;

alter database open read only;

-----由应用日志模式切换到只读模式-------

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;?-- 取消日志应用

alter database open read only;

切换回管理恢复模式

startup nomount;

alter database mount standby database;

alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;?-- 启动归档日志应用

or

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; -- 启动实时日志应用

主库和备库之间角色切换

6.4.1 主库切换为备库

alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;

alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;-- 主库有会话连接的时候

shutdown immediate

startup ;

alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

or

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

6.4.2 从库切换为主库

alter database commit to switchover to primary;

shutdown immediate;

startup;

alter system switch logfile;

备库自动使用主库传过来的日志进行恢复

alter database recover automatic standby database;

更改保护模式

alter database set standby database to maximize protection;

alter database set standby database to maximize availability;

alter database set standby database to maximize performancen;

查看备库日志应用

set linesize 200

col name format a100

select sequence#,name,applied from v$archived_log;

查看数据库角色

select database_role, protection_mode, protection_level from v$database;

常用切换步骤

正常切换

主库和备库之间角色切换

主库切换为备库

alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;

alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;-- 主库有会话连接的时候

shutdown immediate

startup ;

alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

or

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

从库切换为主库

alter database commit to switchover to primary;

shutdown immediate;

startup;

alter system switch logfile;

故障切换

停止应用恢复模式

alter database recover managed standby database finish;

转换standbydb为primary db

alter database commit to switchover to primary;

重启数据库，恢复正常业务

shutdown immediate

startup

最大性能切换为最大保护

1：备库停止日志应用

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

2：主库重启到mount

shutdown immediate;

startup mount;

alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcl_dgtd lgwr sync valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl_dgtandby'

3:主库,备库操作更改为最大保护

alter database set standby database to maximize PROTECTION;

alter database open;

4：备库开始应用日志

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

最大保护切换为最大性能

1：备库取消日志应用

备库：

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

2：主库调整模式

主库：

alter database set standby database to maximize performance;

3：备库开始日志应用

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

4：查看数据库角色（主备）

select database_role, protection_mode, protection_level from v$database;

最大保护切换为最大可用

1：备库取消日志应用

备库：

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

2：主库调整模式

主库：

alter database set standby database to maximize availability;

3：备库开始日志应用

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

4：查看数据库角色（主备）

select database_role, protection_mode, protection_level from v$database;

最大可用切换为最大保护

1：备库停止日志应用

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

2:主库,备库操作更改为最大保护

alter database set standby database to maximize PROTECTION;

3：备库开始应用日志

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

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