用户想要在网上收发邮件,必须要有专门的邮件服务器。邮件服务器我们可以假想为现实生活中的邮局。如果按功能划分,邮件服务器可以划分为两种类型:
①、SMTP邮件服务器:替用户发送邮件和接收外面发送给本地用户的邮件,它相当于现实生活中邮局的邮件接收部门(可接收普通用户要投出的邮件和其他邮局投递进来的邮件)。
②、POP3/IMAP邮件服务器:帮助用户读取SMTP邮件服务器接收进来的邮件,它相当于专门为前来取包裹的用户提供服务的部门。
电子邮箱也称为E-mail地址,比如用户的xx@163.com。用户能通过E-mail地址标识自己发送的电子邮件,同时也可以通过这个地址接收别人发来的电子邮件。电子邮箱需要到邮件服务器进行申请,也就是说,电子邮箱其实就是用户在邮件服务器上申请的账户。邮件服务器会把接收到的邮件保存到为该账户所分配的邮箱空间中,用户通过用户名密码登录到邮件服务器查收该地址已经收到的邮件。
电子邮件需要在邮件客户端和邮件服务器之间,以及两个邮件服务器之间进行邮件传递,那就必须要遵守一定的规则,这个规则就是邮件传输协议。下面我们分别简单介绍几种协议:
①、SMTP协议:全称为 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol,简单邮件传输协议。它定义了邮件客户端软件和SMTP邮件服务器之间,以及两台SMTP邮件服务器之间的通信规则。
②、POP3协议:全称为 Post Office Protocol,邮局协议。它定义了邮件客户端软件和POP3邮件服务器的通信规则。
③、IMAP协议:全称为 Internet Message Access Protocol,Internet消息访问协议,它是对POP3协议的一种扩展,也是定义了邮件客户端软件和IMAP邮件服务器的通信规则。
所有的邮件服务器和邮件客户端软件程序都是基于上面的协议编写的,协议细节可自行查阅(有助于更深入的理解底层实现)。
1、确认服务器地址和邮箱
2、引包
我的demo在Springboot环境下,引入以下依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>
如果是Spring MVC环境,则引入以下依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>mail</artifactId>
<version>XXXXX</version>
</dependency>
import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
public class MailService2 {
/**
* 发送邮件方法
*
* @param mailContent
*/
public void sendMail(String mailContent) {
// 配置发送邮件的环境属性:实际开发中一般是从properties配置文件获取,或在spring配置文件中配置
final Properties props = new Properties();
// 表示SMTP发送邮件,需要进行身份验证
props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
props.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.aliyun.com");
props.put("mail.smtp.port", "465");
// 如果使用ssl,需进行如下配置,
props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");
props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465");
// 发件人的账号
props.put("mail.user", "XXX@service.alipay.com");
// 访问SMTP服务时需要提供的密码
props.put("mail.password", "XXX");
// 构建授权信息,用于进行SMTP进行身份验证
Authenticator authenticator = new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
// 用户名、密码
String userName = props.getProperty("mail.user");
String password = props.getProperty("mail.password");
return new PasswordAuthentication(userName, password);
}
};
// 使用环境属性和授权信息,创建邮件会话
Session mailSession = Session.getInstance(props, authenticator);
// 创建邮件消息
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(mailSession) {};
try {
// 设置发件人邮件地址和名称。和上面的mail.user保持一致。名称用户可以自定义填写。
InternetAddress from = new InternetAddress("rdeclarecenter@service.alipay.com", "支付宝");
message.setFrom(from);
// 设置收件人邮件地址,比如yyy@alibaba-inc.com
InternetAddress to = new InternetAddress("yuxiangjun.yxj@alibaba-inc.com");
message.setRecipient(MimeMessage.RecipientType.TO, to);
// 设置邮件回复人
InternetAddress[] addressesArray = new InternetAddress[2];
addressesArray[0] = new InternetAddress("15086681245@163.com");
addressesArray[1] = new InternetAddress("yuxiangjun.yxj@alibaba-inc.com");
message.setReplyTo(addressesArray);
message.reply(true);
message.setRecipient(MimeMessage.RecipientType.CC, addressesArray[0]);
// 设置邮件标题
message.setSubject("JavaMail邮件");
// 设置邮件的内容体
//message.setContent(mailContent, "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
MimeBodyPart attachment = new MimeBodyPart();
// 读取本地文件
DataHandler dh2 = new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("/log/log_error.log"));
// 将附件数据添加到"节点"
attachment.setDataHandler(dh2);
// 设置附件的文件名(需要编码)
attachment.setFileName(MimeUtility.encodeText(dh2.getName()));
// 10. 设置(文本+图片)和 附件 的关系(合成一个大的混合"节点" / Multipart )
MimeMultipart mm = new MimeMultipart();
// 如果有多个附件,可以创建多个多次添加
mm.addBodyPart(attachment);
mm.setSubType("mixed");
message.setContent(mm);
// 发送邮件
Transport.send(message);
} catch (MessagingException | IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeUtility;
import java.io.*;
import java.security.Security;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Properties;
public class ImapReceiveMail {
public static void receive() throws MessagingException, IOException {
Properties props = System.getProperties();
Security.addProvider(new com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Provider());
final String SSL_FACTORY = "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory";
// IMAP provider
props.setProperty("mail.imap.socketFactory.class", SSL_FACTORY);
props.setProperty("mail.imap.socketFactory.fallback", "false");
props.setProperty("mail.imap.port", "993");
props.setProperty("mail.imap.socketFactory.port", "993");
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null);
URLName urln = new URLName("imap", "imap.aliyun.com", 993, null,
"XXX@service.alipay.com", "XXX");
Store store = session.getStore(urln);
store.connect();
Folder folder = store.getFolder("INBOX");
folder.open(Folder.READ_WRITE);
int messageCount = folder.getMessageCount();
Message message2 = folder.getMessage(messageCount);
parseMessage(message2);
try {
if (folder != null) {
//退出收件箱时,删除做了删除标识的邮件
folder.close(true);
}
if (store != null) {
store.close();
}
} catch (Exception bs) {
bs.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 解析邮件
*
* @param messages 要解析的邮件列表
*/
public static void parseMessage(Message... messages) throws MessagingException, IOException {
if (messages == null || messages.length < 1) { throw new MessagingException("未找到要解析的邮件!"); }
// 解析所有邮件
for (int i = 0, count = messages.length; i < count; i++) {
MimeMessage msg = (MimeMessage) messages[i];
System.out.println("------------------解析第" + msg.getMessageNumber() + "封邮件-------------------- ");
System.out.println("主题: " + getSubject(msg));
System.out.println("发件人: " + getFrom(msg));
System.out.println("收件人:" + getReceiveAddress(msg, null));
System.out.println("发送时间:" + getSentDate(msg, null));
System.out.println("是否已读:" + isSeen(msg));
System.out.println("邮件优先级:" + getPriority(msg));
System.out.println("是否需要回执:" + isReplySign(msg));
System.out.println("邮件大小:" + msg.getSize() * 1024 + "kb");
boolean isContainerAttachment = isContainAttachment(msg);
System.out.println("是否包含附件:" + isContainerAttachment);
if (isContainerAttachment) {
//保存附件
saveAttachment(msg, "/log/" + msg.getSubject() + "_");
}
StringBuffer content = new StringBuffer(30);
getMailTextContent(msg, content);
System.out.println("邮件正文:" + content);
System.out.println("------------------第" + msg.getMessageNumber() + "封邮件解析结束-------------------- ");
System.out.println();
}
}
/**
* 获得邮件主题
*
* @param msg 邮件内容
* @return 解码后的邮件主题
*/
public static String getSubject(MimeMessage msg) throws UnsupportedEncodingException, MessagingException {
return MimeUtility.decodeText(msg.getSubject());
}
/**
* 获得邮件发件人
*
* @param msg 邮件内容
* @return 姓名 <Email地址>
* @throws MessagingException
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
*/
public static String getFrom(MimeMessage msg) throws MessagingException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
String from = "";
Address[] froms = msg.getFrom();
if (froms.length < 1) { throw new MessagingException("没有发件人!"); }
InternetAddress address = (InternetAddress) froms[0];
String person = address.getPersonal();
if (person != null) {
person = MimeUtility.decodeText(person) + " ";
} else {
person = "";
}
from = person + "<" + address.getAddress() + ">";
return from;
}
/**
* 根据收件人类型,获取邮件收件人、抄送和密送地址。如果收件人类型为空,则获得所有的收件人
* <p>Message.RecipientType.TO 收件人</p>
* <p>Message.RecipientType.CC 抄送</p>
* <p>Message.RecipientType.BCC 密送</p>
*
* @param msg 邮件内容
* @param type 收件人类型
* @return 收件人1 <邮件地址1>, 收件人2 <邮件地址2>, ...
* @throws MessagingException
*/
public static String getReceiveAddress(MimeMessage msg, Message.RecipientType type) throws MessagingException {
StringBuffer receiveAddress = new StringBuffer();
Address[] addresss = null;
if (type == null) {
addresss = msg.getAllRecipients();
} else {
addresss = msg.getRecipients(type);
}
if (addresss == null || addresss.length < 1) { throw new MessagingException("没有收件人!"); }
for (Address address : addresss) {
InternetAddress internetAddress = (InternetAddress) address;
receiveAddress.append(internetAddress.toUnicodeString()).append(",");
}
//删除最后一个逗号
receiveAddress.deleteCharAt(receiveAddress.length() - 1);
return receiveAddress.toString();
}
/**
* 获得邮件发送时间
*
* @param msg 邮件内容
* @return yyyy年mm月dd日 星期X HH:mm
* @throws MessagingException
*/
public static String getSentDate(MimeMessage msg, String pattern) throws MessagingException {
Date receivedDate = msg.getSentDate();
if (receivedDate == null) { return ""; }
if (pattern == null || "".equals(pattern)) { pattern = "yyyy年MM月dd日 E HH:mm "; }
return new SimpleDateFormat(pattern).format(receivedDate);
}
/**
* 判断邮件中是否包含附件
*
* @param part 邮件内容
* @return 邮件中存在附件返回true,不存在返回false
* @throws MessagingException
* @throws IOException
*/
public static boolean isContainAttachment(Part part) throws MessagingException, IOException {
boolean flag = false;
if (part.isMimeType("multipart/*")) {
MimeMultipart multipart = (MimeMultipart) part.getContent();
int partCount = multipart.getCount();
for (int i = 0; i < partCount; i++) {
BodyPart bodyPart = multipart.getBodyPart(i);
String disp = bodyPart.getDisposition();
if (disp != null && (disp.equalsIgnoreCase(Part.ATTACHMENT) || disp.equalsIgnoreCase(Part.INLINE))) {
flag = true;
} else if (bodyPart.isMimeType("multipart/*")) {
flag = isContainAttachment(bodyPart);
} else {
String contentType = bodyPart.getContentType();
if (contentType.indexOf("application") != -1) {
flag = true;
}
if (contentType.indexOf("name") != -1) {
flag = true;
}
}
if (flag) { break; }
}
} else if (part.isMimeType("message/rfc822")) {
flag = isContainAttachment((Part) part.getContent());
}
return flag;
}
/**
* 判断邮件是否已读
*
* @param msg 邮件内容
* @return 如果邮件已读返回true, 否则返回false
* @throws MessagingException
*/
public static boolean isSeen(MimeMessage msg) throws MessagingException {
return msg.getFlags().contains(Flags.Flag.SEEN);
}
/**
* 判断邮件是否需要阅读回执
*
* @param msg 邮件内容
* @return 需要回执返回true, 否则返回false
* @throws MessagingException
*/
public static boolean isReplySign(MimeMessage msg) throws MessagingException {
boolean replySign = false;
String[] headers = msg.getHeader("Disposition-Notification-To");
if (headers != null) { replySign = true; }
return replySign;
}
/**
* 获得邮件的优先级
*
* @param msg 邮件内容
* @return 1(High):紧急 3:普通(Normal) 5:低(Low)
* @throws MessagingException
*/
public static String getPriority(MimeMessage msg) throws MessagingException {
String priority = "普通";
String[] headers = msg.getHeader("X-Priority");
if (headers != null) {
String headerPriority = headers[0];
if (headerPriority.indexOf("1") != -1 || headerPriority.indexOf("High") != -1) { priority = "紧急"; } else if (
headerPriority.indexOf("5") != -1 || headerPriority.indexOf("Low") != -1) { priority = "低"; } else { priority = "普通"; }
}
return priority;
}
/**
* 获得邮件文本内容
*
* @param part 邮件体
* @param content 存储邮件文本内容的字符串
* @throws MessagingException
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void getMailTextContent(Part part, StringBuffer content) throws MessagingException, IOException {
//如果是文本类型的附件,通过getContent方法可以取到文本内容,但这不是我们需要的结果,所以在这里要做判断
boolean isContainTextAttach = part.getContentType().indexOf("name") > 0;
if (part.isMimeType("text/*") && !isContainTextAttach) {
content.append(part.getContent().toString());
} else if (part.isMimeType("message/rfc822")) {
getMailTextContent((Part) part.getContent(), content);
} else if (part.isMimeType("multipart/*")) {
Multipart multipart = (Multipart) part.getContent();
int partCount = multipart.getCount();
for (int i = 0; i < partCount; i++) {
BodyPart bodyPart = multipart.getBodyPart(i);
getMailTextContent(bodyPart, content);
}
}
}
/**
* 保存附件
*
* @param part 邮件中多个组合体中的其中一个组合体
* @param destDir 附件保存目录
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
* @throws MessagingException
* @throws FileNotFoundException
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void saveAttachment(Part part, String destDir) throws UnsupportedEncodingException, MessagingException,
FileNotFoundException, IOException {
if (part.isMimeType("multipart/*")) {
//复杂体邮件
Multipart multipart = (Multipart) part.getContent();
//复杂体邮件包含多个邮件体
int partCount = multipart.getCount();
for (int i = 0; i < partCount; i++) {
//获得复杂体邮件中其中一个邮件体
BodyPart bodyPart = multipart.getBodyPart(i);
//某一个邮件体也有可能是由多个邮件体组成的复杂体
String disp = bodyPart.getDisposition();
if (disp != null && (disp.equalsIgnoreCase(Part.ATTACHMENT) || disp.equalsIgnoreCase(Part.INLINE))) {
InputStream is = bodyPart.getInputStream();
saveFile(is, destDir, decodeText(bodyPart.getFileName()));
} else if (bodyPart.isMimeType("multipart/*")) {
saveAttachment(bodyPart, destDir);
} else {
String contentType = bodyPart.getContentType();
if (contentType.indexOf("name") != -1 || contentType.indexOf("application") != -1) {
saveFile(bodyPart.getInputStream(), destDir, decodeText(bodyPart.getFileName()));
}
}
}
} else if (part.isMimeType("message/rfc822")) {
saveAttachment((Part) part.getContent(), destDir);
}
}
/**
* 读取输入流中的数据保存至指定目录
*
* @param is 输入流
* @param fileName 文件名
* @param destDir 文件存储目录
* @throws FileNotFoundException
* @throws IOException
*/
private static void saveFile(InputStream is, String destDir, String fileName)
throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream(new File(destDir + fileName)));
int len = -1;
while ((len = bis.read()) != -1) {
bos.write(len);
bos.flush();
}
bos.close();
bis.close();
}
/**
* 文本解码
*
* @param encodeText 解码MimeUtility.encodeText(String text)方法编码后的文本
* @return 解码后的文本
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
*/
public static String decodeText(String encodeText) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
if (encodeText == null || "".equals(encodeText)) {
return "";
} else {
return MimeUtility.decodeText(encodeText);
}
}
}
本文通过demo的形式描述JavaMail邮件收发的整个过程,大家可自行复制demo到本地测试。另外,本文邮件接收采用IMAP方式,POP3的接收过程与之类似,但IMAP功能更加完善,推荐使用IMAP
基础能力搭建好后,就可以随意发挥啦
+分布式任务:实现定期触发任务,任务可以定制做任何和邮件相关的功能
+工单系统/答疑系统:实现邮件内容系统化(这里由于邮件内容的灵活度会提升数据解析的难度)
+...欢迎补充哦