IPv4 over IPv6简介

发布时间:2024年01月24日

在IPv4 Internet向IPv6 Internet过渡的后期,IPv6网络已被大量部署,此时可能出现IPv4孤岛。利用隧道技术可在IPv6网络上创建隧道,从而实现IPv4孤岛的互连。这类似于在IP网络上利用隧道技术部署VPN。在IPv6网络上用于连接IPv4孤岛的隧道,称为IPv4 over IPv6隧道。

图1?IPv4 over IPv6 隧道原理

IPv4 over IPv6 隧道技术的原理如图1所示:

  1. 边界设备启动IPv4/IPv6双协议栈,并配置IPv4 over IPv6隧道。

  2. 边界设备在收到从IPv4网络侧发来的报文后,如果报文的目的地址不是自身,就要把收到的IPv4报文作为负载,加上IPv6报文头,封装到IPv6报文里。

  3. 在IPv6网络中,封装后的报文被传递到对端的边界设备。

  4. 对端边界设备对报文解封装,去掉IPv6报文头,然后将解封装后的IPv4报文发送到IPv4网络。

配置IPv6 over IPv4 GRE隧道示例

组网需求

如上图,两个IPv6网络分别通过SwitchA和SwitchC与IPv4公网中的SwitchB连接,客户希望两个IPv6网络中的PC1和PC2实现互通。

其中PC1和PC2上分别指定SwitchA和SwitchC为自己的缺省网关。

配置思路

要实现IPv6协议中的PC1和PC2通过IPv4公网互通。需要在SwitchA和SwitchC之间建立直连链路,部署GRE隧道,通过静态路由指定到达对端的报文通过Tunnel接口转发,PC1和PC2就可以互相通信了。

配置GRE隧道实现IPv6协议互通的思路如下:

  1. 配置物理接口的IP地址,并配置IPv4静态路由,实现设备可以通过IPv4网络通信。

  2. 在SwitchA和SwitchC上创建Tunnel接口,创建GRE隧道,并在SwitchA和SwitchC上配置经过Tunnel接口的IPv6静态路由,使PC1和PC2之间的流量通过GRE隧道传输,实现PC1和PC2互通。

操作步骤
  1. 配置各物理接口的IP地址

    # 配置SwitchA。

    <HUAWEI> system-view
    [HUAWEI] sysname SwitchA
    [SwitchA] vlan batch 10 30
    [SwitchA] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1
    [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type trunk
    [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 10
    [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit
    [SwitchA] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2
    [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port link-type access
    [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port default vlan 30
    [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit
    [SwitchA] interface vlanif 10
    [SwitchA-Vlanif10] ip address 20.1.1.1 24
    [SwitchA-Vlanif10] quit
    [SwitchA] ipv6
    [SwitchA] interface vlanif 30
    [SwitchA-Vlanif30] ipv6 enable
    [SwitchA-Vlanif30] ipv6 address fc00:1::1 64
    [SwitchA-Vlanif30] quit

    # 配置SwitchB。

    <HUAWEI> system-view
    [HUAWEI] sysname SwitchB
    [SwitchB] vlan batch 10 20
    [SwitchB] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1
    [SwitchB-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type trunk
    [SwitchB-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 10
    [SwitchB-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit
    [SwitchB] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2
    [SwitchB-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port link-type trunk
    [SwitchB-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port trunk allow-pass vlan 20
    [SwitchB-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit
    [SwitchB] interface vlanif 10
    [SwitchB-Vlanif10] ip address 20.1.1.2 24
    [SwitchB-Vlanif10] quit
    [SwitchB] interface vlanif 20
    [SwitchB-Vlanif20] ip address 30.1.1.1 24
    [SwitchB-Vlanif20] quit

    # 配置SwitchC。

    <HUAWEI> system-view
    [HUAWEI] sysname SwitchC
    [SwitchC] vlan batch 20 30
    [SwitchC] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1
    [SwitchC-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type trunk
    [SwitchC-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 20
    [SwitchC-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit
    [SwitchC] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2
    [SwitchC-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port link-type access
    [SwitchC-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port default vlan 30
    [SwitchC-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit
    [SwitchC] interface vlanif 20
    [SwitchC-Vlanif20] ip address 30.1.1.2 24
    [SwitchC-Vlanif20] quit
    [SwitchC] ipv6
    [SwitchC] interface vlanif 30
    [SwitchC-Vlanif30] ipv6 enable
    [SwitchC-Vlanif30] ipv6 address fc00:2::1 64
    [SwitchC-Vlanif30] quit
  2. 配置业务环回聚合接口

    # 配置SwitchA。

    [SwitchA] interface eth-trunk 1
    [SwitchA-Eth-Trunk1] service type tunnel
    [SwitchA-Eth-Trunk1] quit
    [SwitchA] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/3
    [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] eth-trunk 1
    [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] quit

    # 配置SwitchC。

    [SwitchC] interface eth-trunk 1
    [SwitchC-Eth-Trunk1] service type tunnel
    [SwitchC-Eth-Trunk1] quit
    [SwitchC] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/3
    [SwitchC-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] eth-trunk 1
    [SwitchC-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] quit
  3. 配置IPv4静态路由

    # 配置SwitchA。

    [SwitchA] ip route-static 30.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 20.1.1.2

    # 配置SwitchC。

    [SwitchC] ip route-static 20.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 30.1.1.1
  4. 配置Tunnel接口

    # 配置SwitchA。

    [SwitchA] interface tunnel 1
    [SwitchA-Tunnel1] tunnel-protocol gre
    [SwitchA-Tunnel1] ipv6 enable
    [SwitchA-Tunnel1] ipv6 address 2001:db8:1::1 64
    [SwitchA-Tunnel1] eth-trunk 1
    [SwitchA-Tunnel1] source 20.1.1.1
    [SwitchA-Tunnel1] destination 30.1.1.2
    [SwitchA-Tunnel1] quit

    # 配置SwitchC。

    [SwitchC] interface tunnel 1
    [SwitchC-Tunnel1] tunnel-protocol gre
    [SwitchC-Tunnel1] ipv6 enable
    [SwitchC-Tunnel1] ipv6 address 2001:db8:1::2 64
    [SwitchC-Tunnel1] eth-trunk 1
    [SwitchC-Tunnel1] source 30.1.1.2
    [SwitchC-Tunnel1] destination 20.1.1.1
    [SwitchC-Tunnel1] quit
  5. 配置Tunnel的静态路由

    # 配置SwitchA。

    [SwitchA] ipv6 route-static fc00:2:: 64 tunnel 1

    # 配置SwitchC。

    [SwitchC] ipv6 route-static fc00:1:: 64 tunnel 1
  6. 检查配置结果

    # 在SwitchC上Ping?SwitchA的IPv4地址,可收到返回的报文。

    [SwitchC] ping 20.1.1.1
      PING 20.1.1.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
        Reply from 20.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=84 ms
        Reply from 20.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=27 ms
        Reply from 20.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=25 ms
        Reply from 20.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=3 ms
        Reply from 20.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=24 ms
    
      --- 20.1.1.1 ping statistics ---
        5 packet(s) transmitted
        5 packet(s) received
        0.00% packet loss
        round-trip min/avg/max = 3/32/84 ms

    # 在SwitchC上Ping?SwitchA的IPv6地址,可收到返回的报文。

    [SwitchC] ping ipv6 fc00:1::1
      PING fc00:1::1 : 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
        Reply from FC00:1::1
        bytes=56 Sequence=1 hop limit=64  time = 28 ms
        Reply from FC00:1::1
        bytes=56 Sequence=2 hop limit=64  time = 27 ms
        Reply from FC00:1::1
        bytes=56 Sequence=3 hop limit=64  time = 26 ms
        Reply from FC00:1::1
        bytes=56 Sequence=4 hop limit=64  time = 27 ms
        Reply from FC00:1::1
        bytes=56 Sequence=5 hop limit=64  time = 26 ms
    
      --- fc00:1::1 ping statistics ---
        5 packet(s) transmitted
        5 packet(s) received
        0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 26/26/28 ms

配置文件
  • SwitchA的配置文件

    #
    sysname SwitchA
    #    
    ipv6      
    #  
    vlan batch 10 30
    #
    interface Vlanif10
     ip address 20.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
    #
    interface Vlanif30
     ipv6 enable
     ipv6 address FC00:1::1/64
    #
    interface Eth-Trunk1  
     service type tunnel
    #
    interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
     port link-type trunk
     port trunk allow-pass vlan 10
    #
    interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
     port link-type access
     port default vlan 30
    #
    interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
     eth-trunk 1 
    #
    interface Tunnel1
     ipv6 enable
     ipv6 address 2001:db8:1::1/64
     tunnel-protocol gre
     source 20.1.1.1
     destination 30.1.1.2
     eth-trunk 1
    #
    ip route-static 30.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 20.1.1.2
    #                                                                               
    ipv6 route-static FC00:2:: 64 Tunnel1 
    #
    return
  • SwitchB的配置文件

    #
    sysname SwitchB
    #
    vlan batch 10 20
    #
    interface Vlanif10
     ip address 20.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
    #
    interface Vlanif20
     ip address 30.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
    #
    interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
     port link-type trunk
     port trunk allow-pass vlan 10
    #
    interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
     port link-type trunk
     port trunk allow-pass vlan 20
    #
    return
  • SwitchC的配置文件

    #
    sysname SwitchC
    #    
    ipv6     
    #
    vlan batch 20 30
    #
    interface Vlanif20
     ip address 30.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
    #
    interface Vlanif30
     ipv6 enable
     ipv6 address FC00:2::1/64
    #
    interface Eth-Trunk1  
     service type tunnel
    #
    interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
     port link-type trunk
     port trunk allow-pass vlan 20
    #
    interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
     port link-type access
     port default vlan 30
    #
    interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
     eth-trunk 1 
    #
    interface Tunnel1
     ipv6 enable
     ipv6 address 2001:db8:1::2/64
     tunnel-protocol gre
     source 30.1.1.2
     destination 20.1.1.1
     eth-trunk 1
    #
    ip route-static 20.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 30.1.1.1
    #                                                                               
    ipv6 route-static FC00:1:: 64 Tunnel1 
    #
    return

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文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/2301_76769041/article/details/135827003
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