目录
CREATE TABLE tb_user(
id int AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY COMMENT 'ID唯一标识',
name varchar(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE COMMENT '姓名' ,
age int check (age > 0 && age <= 120) COMMENT '年龄' ,
status char(1) default '1' COMMENT '状态',
gender char(1) COMMENT '性别'
);
insert into tb_user(name,age,status,gender) values ('Tom1',19,'1','男'),
('Tom2',25,'0','男');
insert into tb_user(name,age,status,gender) values ('Tom3',19,'1','男');
insert into tb_user(name,age,status,gender) values (null,19,'1','男');
insert into tb_user(name,age,status,gender) values ('Tom3',19,'1','男');
insert into tb_user(name,age,status,gender) values ('Tom4',80,'1','男');
insert into tb_user(name,age,status,gender) values ('Tom5',-1,'1','男');
insert into tb_user(name,age,status,gender) values ('Tom5',121,'1','男');
insert into tb_user(name,age,gender) values ('Tom5',120,'男');
create table dept(
id int auto_increment comment 'ID' primary key,
name varchar(50) not null comment '部门名称'
)comment '部门表';
INSERT INTO dept (id, name) VALUES (1, '研发部'), (2, '市场部'),(3, '财务部'), (4,'销售部'), (5, '总经办');
create table emp(
id int auto_increment comment 'ID' primary key,
name varchar(50) not null comment '姓名',
age int comment '年龄',
job varchar(20) comment '职位',
salary int comment '薪资',
entrydate date comment '入职时间',
managerid int comment '直属领导ID',
dept_id int comment '部门ID'
)comment '员工表';
INSERT INTO emp (id, name, age, job,salary, entrydate, managerid, dept_id) VALUES
(1, '金庸', 66, '总裁',20000, '2000-01-01', null,5),
(2, '张无忌', 20,'项目经理',12500, '2005-12-05', 1,1),
(3, '杨逍', 33, '开发', 8400,'2000-11-03', 2,1),
(4, '韦一笑', 48, '开发',11000, '2002-02-05', 2,1),
(5, '常遇春', 43, '开发',10500, '2004-09-07', 3,1),
(6, '小昭', 19, '程序员鼓励师',6600, '2004-10-12', 2,1);
CREATE TABLE 表名(
字段名 数据类型,
...
[CONSTRAINT] [外键名称] FOREIGN KEY (外键字段名) REFERENCES 主表 (主表列名)
);
ALTER TABLE 表名 ADD CONSTRAINT 外键名称 FOREIGN KEY (外键字段名)
REFERENCES 主表 (主表列名) ;
alter table emp add constraint fk_emp_dept_id foreign key (dept_id) references dept(id);
ALTER TABLE 表名 DROP FOREIGN KEY 外键名称;
alter table emp drop foreign key fk_emp_dept_id;
添加了外键之后,再删除父表数据时产生的约束行为,我们就称为删除/更新行为。具体的删除/更新行为有以下几种:
具体语法为:
ALTER TABLE 表名 ADD CONSTRAINT 外键名称 FOREIGN KEY (外键字段) REFERENCES 主表名 (主表字段名) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE;
演示如下:由于NO ACTION 是默认行为,我们前面语法演示的时候,已经测试过了,就不再演示了,这里我们再演示其他的两种行为:CASCADE、SET NULL。
CASCADE
alter table emp add constraint fk_emp_dept_id foreign key (dept_id) references
dept(id) on update cascade on delete cascade ;
alter table emp add constraint fk_emp_dept_id foreign key (dept_id) references dept(id) on update set null on delete set null ;